肝转移对胃癌患者免疫治疗疗效的影响：一项回顾性队列研究

目的：探讨肝转移对晚期胃癌患者免疫治疗效果的影响。方法：收集2019年2月至2022年1月在南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院肿瘤中心接受过免疫治疗的晚期胃癌患者的临床资料，进行回顾性分析，利用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法进行基线特征比较，利用卡方检验和Kaplan-Meier生存分析方法进行有肝转移与无肝转移胃癌患者的疗效和生存期的比较。结果：共有48例晚期胃癌患者纳入分析，根据有无肝转移将患者分为肝转移队列（n=20）和无肝转移队列（n=28）。有肝转移较无肝转移胃癌患者体力状况更差。肝转移队列与无肝转移队列的ORR分别为15.0%和35.7%(P>0.05),DCR分别为65.0%和82.1%(P>0.05)；中位PFS在两组分别为5.0个月和11.2个月（HR=0.40,P<0.05），中位OS分别为12.0个月和19.0个月（P>0.05）。结论：胃癌肝转移患者免疫治疗的疗效差于无肝转移的患者。     

吉非替尼一线与二线治疗EGFR突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效比较

目的：观察吉非替尼用于表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）一线或二线治疗对患者近期疗效及生存期的影响,分析吉非替尼的最佳治疗时机。方法：回顾性分析6l例EGFR突变型（外显子19或2l突变）晚期NSCLC患者的病历和随访资料,其中3l例患者接受吉非替尼一线治疗,30例患者接受吉非替尼二线治疗;应用Kaplan-meier法进行生存分析。结果：两组患者的性别（P=0．717）、年龄（P=0．849）、吸烟史（P=0．173）、病理类型（P=0．573）和临床分期（P=0．668）的差异无统计学意义。吉非替尼一线较二线治疗EGFR突变型NSCLC的近期有效率及疾病控制率明显提高（RR：64．5％VS23．3％,P=0．001;DCR：87．1％VS60．0％,P=0．016）。吉非替尼一线和二线治疗的中位无进展生存期分别为7．6和6．4个月（P=0．392）,中位总生存期分别为16．0和17．6个月（P=0．606）。另外,在最终获得疾病控制的患者中,吉非替尼一线治疗组为27例,二线治疗组为18例,2组中位无进展生存期及总生存期也无明显差异（PFS：8．0VS9．7个月,P=0．777;OS：17．0VS20．0个月,P=0．196）。结论：吉非替尼用于EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者,一线较二线治疗的近期疗效明显提高,但生存获益无明显差异。     

吉非替尼对比培美曲塞二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的：观察吉非替尼与培美曲塞二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）情况,比较二者对晚期NSCLC患者的治疗效果、安全性的影响。方法将一线化疗治疗失败后的105例晚期NSCLC患者,随机分为吉非替尼组和培美曲塞组,分别接受吉非替尼与培美曲塞二线治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果和安全性。结果近期疗效比较结果显示,吉非替尼组和培美曲塞组客观有效率（ORR）分别为24.0%和29.1%（P=0.987）,疾病控制率（DCR）分别为64.0%和70.9%（P=0.776）;吉非替尼组和培美曲塞组中位无进展生存时间（PFS）分别为5.2个月和4.1个月（P=0.026）,中位总生存期（OS）分别为7.9个月和6.7个月（P=0.031）,吉非替尼组PFS和OS均优于培美曲塞组。吉非替尼组的不良反应主要为非血液学毒性,培美曲塞组的主要不良反应为血液学毒性。结论吉非替尼及培美曲塞均可用于晚期NSCLC患者的二线治疗,疗效相当,但二者的不良反应各异,可根据患者的个体差异择优选用。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌吉非替尼二线和三线治疗的疗效比较

目的:探讨吉非替尼用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)二线或三线治疗对患者生存期的影响。方法:回顾性分析106例晚期NSCLC患者的病历和随访资料,其中62例患者接受吉非替尼二线治疗,44例患者接受吉非替尼三线治疗。应用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析。结果:两组患者的性别(P=0.51)、年龄(P=0.91)、体能状况评分(P=0.42)、临床分期(P=0.18)、吸烟史(P=0.95)和病理类型(P=0.99)的差异无统计学意义。吉非替尼二线治疗和三线治疗患者的中位无进展生存期分别分别为2.9和3.2个月(P=0.757),有效率分别为17.7%和11.4%(P=0.665),疾病控制率分别为48.4%和54.5%(P=0.822)。吉非替尼二线治疗和三线治疗患者的中位总生存期分别为24.0和21.0个月(P=0.524)。二线治疗获得疾病控制的30例患者以及三线治疗获得疾病控制的24例患者的中位总生存期分别为29.7和22.2个月(P=0.611)。吉非替尼二线治疗与三线治疗的不良反应相似。结论:吉非替尼用于晚期NSCLC二线治疗和三线治疗的缓解率和生存获益无明显差异。     

纳武利尤单抗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的疗效分析

目的初步了解纳武利尤单抗对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)脑转移的疗效, 进一步充实中国PD-1单抗治疗NSCLC脑转移的证据。方法收集22例经纳武利尤单抗单药治疗的NSCLC脑转移患者的临床病理资料, 调取电子影像学资料阅片, 确认疗效及疾病进展时间, 随访获取患者生存资料。结果 21例患者可进行颅内疗效评价, 颅内客观缓解率为28.6%, 颅内疾病控制率为47.6%。22例患者的中位颅内无进展生存时间为5.2个月, 1、2年生存率均为56.7%。结论 NSCLC脑转移患者接受PD-1单抗治疗, 可能与无脑转移者疗效相似。     

免疫治疗后进展的晚期非小细胞肺癌二线继续免疫治疗联合化疗的回顾性分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨一线程序性细胞死亡受体1(programmed cell death-1 receptor,PD-1)单抗进展后,二线继续PD-1单抗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及预后。［方法］ 回顾性分析21例一线治疗采用PD-1单抗（帕博利珠单抗）联合或不联合含铂双联化疗治疗后进展,二线继续PD-1单抗（更换为信迪利单抗）联合化疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析无进展生存期和总生存期,采用Cox回归模型进行多因素分析和评估预后因素。［结果］ 一线进展后更改为二线化疗方案并继续联合不同的PD-1单抗治疗,临床有效率为38.1%,疾病控制率为66.7%。程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death-1 ligand,PD-L1)表达阳性者和阴性者之间的疾病控制率并无统计学差异（P=0.217）。二线治疗的无进展生存时间（即二线治疗开始至疾病进展或死亡）为5.1个月。Cox多因素回归分析显示二线治疗的无进展生存时间与病理类型和PD-L1表达均无相关性。21例患者的中位总生存时间为17.6个月。Cox多因素回归分析显示,PD-L1表达是影响患者总生存的独立因素（HR=0.095,95%CI：0.018～0.494,P=0.005）。以PD-L1表达分层,亚组分析显示PD-L1阳性患者的中位总生存期为21.0个月（95%CI：16.003～25.696）;PD-L1阴性患者的中位总生存期为13.1个月（95%CI：10.708～15.492）（P=0.001）。［结论］ 一线进展后更换不同的PD-1单抗联合化疗有效,值得进一步研究。     

多西紫杉醇二线治疗紫杉醇耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌15例

 目的　观察紫杉醇（泰素）耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者接受多西紫杉醇（泰素帝）二线治疗后的疗效及毒副反应。方法　回顾性分析2005年1月至2008年5月在上海市胸科医院接受多西紫杉醇二线化学治疗的15例NSCLC患者。评价其疗效及不良反应,并随访无疾病进展时间（PFS）及总生存期（OS）。结果　15例患者的疾病控制率为66.7 %,中位无疾病进展时间为6个月,中位生存期为17.3个月,1年生存率达到63.3 %。主要不良反应包括白细胞减少8例（53.3 %）,胃肠道反应8例（53.3 %）,呃逆6例（40 %）,均属可耐受范围。结论　多西紫杉醇二线治疗在紫杉醇耐药的晚期NSCLC患者中显示了良好疗效,且毒副反应可以耐受。     

纳武利尤单抗在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的研究进展

肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因之一。其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)占所有肺癌病例的85%以上,尽管化疗及靶向治疗改善了患者临床疗效,但预后仍欠佳。免疫治疗的发展改变了NSCLC患者的治疗策略。纳武利尤单抗是一种针对程序性死亡受体-1(programmed cell death-1,PD-1)的完全人源化的IgG4单克隆抗体,是首个被批准用于晚期NSCLC治疗的免疫检查点抑制剂。纳武利尤单抗已经成为晚期NSCLC治疗的主要药物,但临床上尚缺乏预测疗效的生物标志物。本文针对纳武利尤单抗的作用机制、药代动力学、单药治疗、联合治疗、不良反应和潜在生物标志物的最新进展进行综述。     

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对复治晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及预后分析

  目的  探讨贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对复治晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌（non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer,NSNSCLC）患者的疗效和安全性,分析影响预后的因素。  方法  回顾性分析2013年2月至2017年6月北京胸科医院收治的41例复治晚期NSN? SCLC患者的病例资料。其中腺癌38例,其他病理类型3例。19例患者为二线治疗,22例患者为二线以上治疗。表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）突变阳性18例,突变阴性23例。评价贝伐珠单抗联合化疗的疗效和安全性,对可能影响预后的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。  结果  所有患者均接受化疗联合贝伐珠单抗的治疗,化疗的平均周期数为3.1个,贝伐珠单抗治疗的平均周期数为5.0个。41例患者均可评价疗效。全组患者客观缓解率（objective response rate,ORR）为12.2%,疾病控制率（disease control rate,DCR）为82.9%。二线治疗与二线以上治疗的患者疗效接近,ORR分别为10.5%、13.6%（P=0.572）,DCR分别为89.5%和77.3%（P=0.271）,差异无统计学意义。中位无进展生存期（progression-free survival,PFS）和中位总生存期（overall survival,OS）分别为4.6个月（95%CI:3.619~5.581）、11.9个月（95%CI:9.797~14.003）。单因素分析提示EGFR突变、贝伐珠单抗治疗周期数 > 4个及女性患者获得更长的生存（χ2=19.673,P < 0.001;χ2=6.820,P=0.009;χ2=6.374,P=0.012）。多因素分析显示,EGFR突变状态、贝伐珠单抗治疗周期数为影响患者预后的独立危险因素（HR=0.129,P=0.001;HR=0.336,P=0.012）。常见的不良反应有骨髓抑制、出血、高血压、蛋白尿等,多数为1~2级。  结论  贝伐珠单抗联合化疗对复治晚期NSNSCLC患者疗效确切,不良反应可耐受,EGFR突变阳性、贝伐珠单抗使用4个周期以上的患者预后较好。      

安罗替尼联合化疗二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效和安全性

目的:观察安罗替尼联合化疗二线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的疗效与安全性,探索疗效预测指标。方法:2018年11月-2020年5月住院的一线治疗失败的67例Ⅲb/Ⅳ期NSCLC患者,随机分成观察组（34例）和对照组（33例）,两组化疗方案采用多西他赛/培美曲塞单药,观察组联合安罗替尼治疗。观察肿瘤控制率、无进展生存期、总生存期及不良反应,并探索性观察CEA、VEGF及CT碘基值与疗效的相关性。结果:观察组和对照组ORR分别为38.2%和27.2%（P=0.339）,DCR分别为82.4%和57.6%（P=0.027）。两组mPFS分别为6.4个月和4.5个月（P=0.029）,mOS分别为11.2个月和9.2个月（P=0.056）。两组常见不良反应为高血压、乏力、厌食、中性粒细胞减少、手足综合征;不良反应多属1-2级,3级发生率低,未出现药物相关死亡。在CEA、VEGF、CT碘基值方面,观察组治疗前与2周期治疗后均有显著差异（P＜0.05）,对照组治疗前后差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,在疗效为CR/PR患者中下降最为显著（P＜0.001）。结论:安罗替尼联合化疗二线治疗晚期NSCLC疗效和生存优于多西他赛/培美曲塞单药,且不良反应可控;CEA、VEGF、CT碘基值有预测疗效价值。     

Outcomes With Pembrolizumab Plus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Patients With NSCLC and Stable Brain Metastases: Pooled Analysis of KEYNOTE-021, -189, and -407

IntroductionThis exploratory analysis retrospectively evaluated outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC to determine whether baseline brain metastases influenced the efficacy of first-line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone.MethodsWe pooled data for patients with advanced NSCLC in KEYNOTE-021 cohort G (nonsquamous), KEYNOTE-189 (nonsquamous), and KEYNOTE-407 (squamous). Patients were assigned to platinum-doublet chemotherapy with or without the addition of 35 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. All studies permitted enrollment of patients with previously treated or untreated (KEYNOTE-189 and KEYNOTE-407 only) stable brain metastases. Patients with previously treated brain metastases were clinically stable for 2 or more weeks (≥4 wk in KEYNOTE-021 cohort G), had no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and had no steroid use at least 3 days before dosing. Patients with known untreated asymptomatic brain metastases required regular imaging of the brain.ResultsA total of 1298 patients were included, 171 with and 1127 without baseline brain metastases. Median (range) durations of follow-up at data cutoff were 10.9 (0.1‒35.1) and 11.0 (0.1‒34.9) months, respectively. Hazard ratios (pembrolizumab + chemotherapy/chemotherapy) were similar for patients with and without brain metastases for overall survival (0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32‒0.70] and 0.63 [95% CI: 0.53‒0.75], respectively) and progression-free survival (0.44 [95% CI: 0.31‒0.62] and 0.55 [95% CI: 0.48‒0.63], respectively). In patients with brain metastases, median overall survival was 18.8 months with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy and 7.6 months with chemotherapy, and median progression-free survival was 6.9 months and 4.1 months, respectively. Objective response rates were higher and duration of response longer with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy regardless of brain metastasis status. Incidences of treatment-related adverse events with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy were 88.2% versus 82.8% among patients with brain metastases and 94.5% versus 90.6% in those without.ConclusionsWith or without brain metastasis, pembrolizumab plus platinum-based histology-specific chemotherapy improved clinical outcomes versus chemotherapy alone across all programmed death ligand 1 subgroups, including patients with programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score less than 1% and had a manageable safety profile in patients with advanced NSCLC. This regimen is a standard-of-care treatment option for treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC, including patients with stable brain metastases.     

Multicenter Real-World Study on Effectiveness and Early Discontinuation Predictors in Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Nivolumab

BackgroundReal-world (RW) evidence on nivolumab in pretreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by matching data from administrative health flows (AHFs) and clinical records (CRs) may close the gap between pivotal trials and clinical practice.MethodsThis multicenter RW study aims at investigating median time to treatment discontinuation (mTTD), overall survival (mOS) of nivolumab in pretreated patients with NSCLC both from AHF and CR; clinical-pathological features predictive of early treatment discontinuation (etd), budget impact (BI), and cost-effectiveness analysis were investigated; mOS in patients receiving nivolumab and docetaxel was assessed.ResultsOverall, 237 patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab were identified from AHFs; mTTD and mOS were 4.2 and 9.8 months, respectively; 141 (59%) received at least 6 treatment cycles, 96 (41%) received < 6 (etd). Median overall survival in patients with and without etd were 3.3 and 19.6 months, respectively (P < .0001). Higher number, longer duration, and higher cost of hospitalizations were observed in etd cases. Clinical records were available for 162 patients treated with nivolumab (cohort 1) and 83 with docetaxel (cohort 2). Median time to treatment discontinuation was 4.8 and 2.6 months, respectively (P < .0001); risk of death was significantly higher in cohort 2 or cohort 1 with etd compared with cohort 1 without etd (P < .0001). Predictors of etd were body mass index <25, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status >1, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio >2.91, and concomitant treatment with antibiotics and glucocorticoids. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of nivolumab was 3323.64 euros ($3757.37) in all patients and 2805.75 euros ($3171.47) for patients without etd. Finally, the BI gap (real-theoretical) was 857 188 euros ($969 050.18).ConclusionWe defined predictors and prognostic-economic impact of nivolumab in etd patients.     

Pulmonary resection in patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer treated with gamma-knife radiosurgery for synchronous brain metastases

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to determine whether a pulmonary resection and gamma-knife radiosurgery (GKRS) protocol is superior to GKRS alone in selected patients with stage IV nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective case-control study of 232 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC from January 1998 to December 2005 and screened them to identify a study cohort in which all patients had thoracic stage I or II, Karnofsky performance status >or= 70, no extracranial metastases, and 1-3 synchronous brain metastases of less than 3 cm, and were treated with GKRS (n=31). The study cohort was divided into 2 groups, those with and without concomitant pulmonary resection. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with pulmonary resection were assigned to the treatment group and 15 without pulmonary resection were assigned to the control group. Median follow-up was 27.3 months (range, 4.4 months to 90.9 months). Mean survivals for the treatment group and the control group were 64.9 and 18.1 months, respectively (P< .001). There was a statistically significant association between pulmonary resection and better survival (OR=78.408). One-year and 5-year local brain tumor control rates were 97.1% and 93.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The pulmonary resection and GKRS protocol could prolong survival in patients with thoracic stage I or II NSCLC, no extracranial metastases, and a limited number of small synchronous brain metastases.     

安罗替尼联合替吉奥治疗三线及以上晚期非小细胞肺癌的安全性和有效性

目的:前瞻性应用安罗替尼联合替吉奥治疗三线及以上晚期非小细胞肺癌,观察临床疗效和药物的安全性。方法:均经组织病理或细胞学明确诊断晚期非小细胞肺癌,且二线化疗治疗后疾病进展。口服安罗替尼胶囊8 mg/d,d1~14联合替吉奥胶囊60 mg/m2 bid d1~14,21天为一个周期。治疗终止时间为疾病进展或出现不可接受的毒副反应。结果:本研究结果显示,总体客观缓解率（ORR）可达到26.8%,总体疾病控制率（DCR）可达到80.5%,中位无进展生存期（mPFS）达到5.2个月（95%CI:3.9~6.6个月）。单因素分析,脑转移组患者mPFS（4.8个月）对比无脑转移组患者mPFS（5.9个月）,两组差异具有统计学意义（P=0.039）。多变量回归分析显示,ECOG评分(P=0.002)、治疗线数（P=0.015）和疗效(P=0.014)是PFS的独立影响因素。最常见毒副反应为高血压、蛋白尿、骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、疲乏和口腔黏膜炎。结论:安罗替尼联合替吉奥胶囊在晚期非小细胞肺癌三线及以上治疗中,其总体的疗效确切且药物毒副反应可控。     

Activity of Nivolumab and Utility of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Biomarker for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study

BackgroundThe immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab is entering routine oncologic practice. We investigated the safety and efficacy of nivolumab in the real world and alternative predictive factors for survival in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and MethodsWe performed a prospective observational study to evaluate the activity of nivolumab treatment for chemotherapy-refractory NSCLC. Patients were treated with nivolumab once every 2 weeks, and the efficacy was assessed every 8 ± 2 weeks.ResultsFifty-two patients were enrolled after nivolumab approval in Japan. These patients received a median of 4 (range, 1-43) cycles of nivolumab. Overall objective response was observed in 12 patients (23.1%). Median progression-free survival was 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-3.2) months, and 1-year overall survival rate was 59.9%. A total of 23 immune-related adverse events occurred in 20 patients, as follows: 7 cases of pneumonitis, 6 of oral mucositis, 5 of hypothyroidism, 2 of colitis, 2 of liver dysfunction, and 1 of arthritis. All patients recovered after appropriate management. A pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of ≥ 5 was significantly associated with poor prognosis compared to NLR < 5 (hazard ratio, 4.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.84-11.14; P = .013), independently.ConclusionNivolumab showed promising activity with a manageable safety profile in clinical practice, consistent with effects of previous clinical trials. This drug could affect a specific population of patients with advanced NSCLC, and pretreatment NLR was a candidate for surrogate markers for survival benefit of patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab.     

Systemic and Intracranial Outcomes With First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic NSCLC and Baseline Brain Metastases From CheckMate 227 Part 1

IntroductionIn CheckMate 227 Part 1, nivolumab plus ipilimumab prolonged overall survival (OS) versus chemotherapy in patients with metastatic NSCLC, regardless of tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here, we report post hoc exploratory systemic and intracranial efficacy outcomes and safety by baseline brain metastasis status at 5 years’ minimum follow-up.MethodsTreatment-naive adults with stage IV or recurrent NSCLC without EGFR or ALK alterations, including asymptomatic patients with treated brain metastases, were enrolled. Patients with tumor PD-L1 greater than or equal to 1% were randomized to nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab, or chemotherapy; patients with tumor PD-L1 less than 1% were randomized to nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy groups. Assessments included OS, systemic and intracranial progression-free survival per blinded independent central review, new brain lesion development, and safety. Brain imaging was performed at baseline (all randomized patients) and approximately every 12 weeks thereafter (patients with baseline brain metastases only).ResultsOverall, 202 of 1739 randomized patients had baseline brain metastases (nivolumab plus ipilimumab: 68; chemotherapy: 66). At 61.3 months’ minimum follow-up, nivolumab plus ipilimumab prolonged OS versus chemotherapy in patients with baseline brain metastases (hazard ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.92) and in those without (hazard ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.87). In patients with baseline brain metastases, 5-year systemic and intracranial progression-free survival rates were higher with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (12% and 16%, respectively) than chemotherapy (0% and 6%). Fewer patients with baseline brain metastases developed new brain lesions with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (4%) versus chemotherapy (20%). No new safety signals were observed.ConclusionsWith all patients off immunotherapy for more than or equal to 3 years, nivolumab plus ipilimumab continued to provide a long-term, durable survival benefit in patients with or without brain metastases. Intracranial efficacy outcomes favored nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy. These results further support nivolumab plus ipilimumab as an efficacious first-line treatment for patients with metastatic NSCLC, regardless of baseline brain metastasis status.     

Nivolumab versus docetaxel in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 017 and CheckMate 057): 3-year update and outcomes in patients with liver metastases

BackgroundLong-term data with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are limited. Two phase III trials demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) and a favorable safety profile with the anti-programmed death-1 antibody nivolumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced squamous (CheckMate 017) and nonsquamous (CheckMate 057) NSCLC. We report results from ≥3 years’ follow-up, including subgroup analyses of patients with liver metastases, who historically have poorer prognosis among patients with NSCLC.Patients and methodsPatients were randomized 1 : 1 to nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) or docetaxel (75 mg/m² every 3 weeks) until progression or discontinuation. The primary end point of each study was OS. Patients with baseline liver metastases were pooled across studies by treatment for subgroup analyses.ResultsAfter 40.3 months’ minimum follow-up in CheckMate 017 and 057, nivolumab continued to show an OS benefit versus docetaxel: estimated 3-year OS rates were 17% [95% confidence interval (CI), 14% to 21%] versus 8% (95% CI, 6% to 11%) in the pooled population with squamous or nonsquamous NSCLC. Nivolumab was generally well tolerated, with no new safety concerns identified. Of 854 randomized patients across both studies, 193 had baseline liver metastases. Nivolumab resulted in improved OS compared with docetaxel in patients with liver metastases (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50–0.91), consistent with findings from the overall pooled study population (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61–0.81). Rates of treatment-related hepatic adverse events (primarily grade 1–2 liver enzyme elevations) were slightly higher in nivolumab-treated patients with liver metastases (10%) than in the overall pooled population (6%).ConclusionsAfter 3 years’ minimum follow-up, nivolumab continued to demonstrate an OS benefit versus docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. Similarly, nivolumab demonstrated an OS benefit versus docetaxel in patients with liver metastases, and remained well tolerated.Clinical trial registrationCheckMate 017: NCT01642004; CheckMate 057: NCT01673867.     

晚期小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌不同转移部位预后意义的比较

  目的  明确不同转移部位对小细胞肺癌（small cell lung cancer,SCLC）和非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）预后影响的差异。  方法  回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2012年1月至2017年12月确诊为晚期SCLC 266例和2015年1月至2017年12月确诊为晚期NSCLC 275例,总计541例患者病例资料。主要观察指标为总生存期（overall survival,OS）。  结果  在SCLC中,与多器官转移者相比,单器官转移者的预后更好（P=0.000 4）;在NSCLC中,单器官与多器官转移者之间未见到明显的生存差异（P=0.451）。在SCLC单器官转移者中,脑转移的预后相对最好,骨转移的预后相对较差,肝转移的预后最差,三者的中位生存时间（median survival time,MST）分别为14.5、11.5和10.3个月;在NSCLC单器官转移者中,肺内转移的预后最佳,肝和肾上腺转移者的预后较差,三者的MST分别为未达到、7.6和7.3个月。在SCLC多器官转移者中,有骨（P=0.046）、肝（P=0.019）转移者预后较差;而有无脑（P=0.995）、肺（P=0.847）、肾上腺（P=0.255）转移对患者的预后无显著性影响;在NSCLC多器官转移的患者中,有脑（P=0.054）、肾上腺转移（P=0.006）的患者预后较差;有肺（P=0.008）转移的患者预后较好;而有无骨（P=0.091）、肝（P=0.300）转移对患者的预后无显著性影响。  结论  不同转移部位对SCLC和NSCLC预后的影响存在差异。      

Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌287例放疗后的生存分析

背景与目的:很多Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)的患者需要放疗,特别是对脑、骨转移者放疗有很好的治疗作用。本研究旨在分析放疗对Ⅳ期NSCLC患者生存的影响。方法:对287例资料完整的Ⅳ期NSCLC放疗患者进行回顾性分析。脑放疗为平行对穿两野全脑照射,骨放疗为单野局部照射,对原发灶、区域淋巴结和其它转移部位用2维常规分割或3维适形放疗(3dimensionalconformalradiotherapy,3D-CRT)。脑和骨放疗通常采用4周20次共40Gy或2周10次共30Gy的治疗方案,原发灶和区域淋巴结的中位照射剂量是50Gy(20～70Gy),其它转移部位的中位照射剂量是46Gy(40～60Gy)。结果:全部患者中位生存期9个月(8～10个月),1年和2年生存率分别是30.2%和8.9%。有化疗和无化疗者中位生存期分别为10个月和8个月(P=0.049)。有脑转移、骨转移、其它转移者中位生存期分别为8个月、9个月、10个月,1年生存率分别24.8%、28.7%和37.5%,2年生存率分别为6.7%、7.0%和15.3%。单因素分析发现对生存有显著影响的因素为病理类型和年龄。腺癌患者的生存期高于鳞癌和其它病理类型,中位生存期分别为10个月、7个月、9个月(P=0.046);≤60岁的患者生存期显著高于>60岁的患者,中位生存期分别为11月、8个月(P=0.012);单纯骨转移患者的中位生存期要大于合并有其它转移者(10个月与6个月,P=0.033),而单纯脑转移和同时合并有其它转移的两组患者中位生存期却无明显差异(9个月与8个月,P=0.3742);肿瘤原发灶和区域淋巴结是否放疗对患者生存时间影响不大(10个月与8个月,P=0.066);是否伴有其它慢性疾病对患者的生存期无明显影响(9个月与10个月,P=0.306)。对脑和骨转移的患者采用4周20次40Gy或2周10次30Gy放疗对生存期无明显影响。结论:病理类型、年龄对Ⅳ期NSCLC患者的放疗疗效有显著影响,全脑和骨转移采用4周20次40Gy或2周10次30Gy放疗对生存期无明显影响。     

Gefitinib in patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective trial.

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases are a common occurrence in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the standard therapy; more aggressive approaches such as surgery or radiosurgery are indicated in a subset of patients only. The role of systemic treatments remains controversial. Gefitinib is an oral, highly tolerable, specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, which has shown activity in chemotherapy pre-treated NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and safety of gefitinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2001 to May 2003, 41 consecutive NSCLC patients with measurable brain metastases were treated with gefitinib, given orally at daily dose of 250 mg. Thirty-seven patients had received previous chemotherapy and 18 patients had been treated previously with WBRT, completed at least 3 months before entering the trial. RESULTS: A partial response (PR) was observed in four patients (10%), with stable disease (SD) in seven cases, for an overall disease control (DC) rate (DC=PR+SD) of 27% (95% confidence interval 13% to 40%). Median duration of PR was 13.5 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) of the whole population was 3 months. DC rate was higher in patients pre-treated with WBRT (P=0.05) and with adenocarcinoma histological type (P=0.08); adenocarcinoma patients had also a longer PFS (P=0.04). Toxicity was mild and consisted of grade 1/2 skin toxicity and diarrhoea, occurring in 24% and 10% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Gefitinib can be active on brain disease in NSCLC patients. Since the results of standard therapy for brain metastases in this clinical setting are particularly disappointing, gefitinib appears to be a possible new treatment option.