非人灵长类弓形虫病研究进展

弓形虫(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种专性细胞内寄生的机会性致病原虫, 呈世界性分布, 引起严重的人兽共患弓形虫病, 目前防控该病尚无理想的药物和疫苗。非人灵长类动物由于其遗传物质、形态结构与人类具有更高的相似性而成为人类疾病研究中理想的动物模型。新大陆灵长类对弓形虫具有较强的易感性, 而旧大陆灵长类感染弓形虫与人类感染弓形虫一样多呈亚临床感染。非人灵长类弓形虫病的研究主要集中在流行病学研究、临床症状、先天性弓形虫病的防治、治疗药物的筛选和疫苗开发等方面, 本文就近年来国内外非人灵长类动物弓形虫病研究进展作一综述。     

结核杆菌菌尘气溶胶感染豚鼠的实验研究

结核杆菌菌尘埃传播至今仍然是一个有争议的问题。为此我们将结核杆菌与干燥的尘土混合，用气溶胶发生器喷洒，豚鼠头暴露。尘土中４μｍ以下粒子占５．１％，菌尘气溶胶中细菌浓度为３８６．７ｃｆｕ／Ｌ，其质量中值直径（ＭＭＤ）为１．９μｍ。豚鼠暴露后７０天，暴露３分钟组７只豚鼠中有２只结核杆菌素阳转，１只的肺和脾脏分离培养到结核杆菌；暴露１８分钟组８只豚鼠中有５只结核杆菌素阳转，其中１只的脾脏，２只的肺脏培养     

印度猴:一种新的非人灵长类内脏利什曼病宿主的初步报道

为了建立人类内脏利什曼病的理想实验模型,作者用印度容易得到的印度猴Indianlangur(长尾叶猴,Presbytis entellus),人工感染杜氏利什曼原虫,并对其感染后的血液学、血液化学、免疫学、化疗以及组织病理学变化进行了初步观察。从感染杜氏利什曼原虫(Dd8株)的田鼠脾脏分离无鞭毛体,静脉接种给7只体重3～4     

五种蚤实验感染鼠疫的观察

应用自行设计的装置，使圆指额蚤上位亚种、无棘额蚤、秃病蚤田鼠亚种、斧形盖蚤和谢氏山蚤感染鼠疫菌（EV76、A1122和91001株）。五种蚤感染程序相同。在温度为16±2℃、20±2C、24±2℃和相对湿度为65±5％的条件下，蚤吸入每毫升含有103个菌的兔血、羊血、猪血后1．5小时，将蚤制成悬液检菌。以兔血为供血源，应用91001株，在24±2℃环境组中的蚤感染率（45．52％）比其他环境组高。蚤吸血后的第2～35天，在蚤前胃中未发现有菌栓形成。     

心律植入装置相关感染性心内膜炎的病因分析

目的探讨心律植入装置相关的感染性心内膜炎的相关病因。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年2月就诊于北京大学人民医院的心律植入装置相关的感染性心内膜炎患者的临床资料。结果 56例发生心律植入装置相关感染性心内膜炎,其中男性44例(78.6%),女性12例(21.4%),年龄(66±13)岁。有囊袋感染清创史的35例(62.5%),有起搏器更换史23例(41.1%),深静脉置管2例(3.6%),糖尿病史11例(19.6%),乙肝病史5例(8.9%),肿瘤史2例(3.6%)。56例中1例患者因重症感染死亡,余55例患者均行电极导线拔除治疗,其中12例为外科拔除。术中发生心脏压塞3例(5.5%),肺栓塞1例(1.8%),再植入患者27例(49.1%),无一例手术相关的死亡病例。结论囊袋感染后保守清创治疗与心律植入装置相关感染性心内膜炎直接相关,一旦明确诊断应行电极导线拔除。     

犬种布氏菌感染家犬的实验研究

近年来,有关犬种布氏菌病(简称布病)流行病学资料报道较多,但实验研究材料报道较少。为了进一步研究家犬感染犬种布氏菌后,体内保苗状态、免疫反应、病理变化及临床体征等,作者进行了实验研究,结果如下。1 材料与方法1.1 家犬的选择与分组 选择12～24月龄健康家犬6只。随机分成3组。每组2只。第1组(1、2号)和第2组(3、4号)为实验组,第3组(5、6号)为对照组。1.2 实验方法1.2.1 菌株和抗原:标准菌株RM6/66和R型布氏菌凝集抗原及R-RBPT,均系中国预防医学科学院流行病学微生物学研究所布病研究室惠赠;S型布氏凝集抗原系兰州生物制品研究所生产;免疫反应板系北京生物制品研究所生产。     

一种经皮植入式左心辅助装置的流量、溶血及植入性实验研究

目的 通过体外实验和动物实验,检测自主研发的一种用于临床心血管急危重症的经皮植入左心辅助装置的血液相容性、流量及可植入性.方法 利用自制体外测量装置,在16V电压下以37°甘油水作为驱动介质运转72 h,测定左心辅助装置流量,观察左心辅助装置流量及有无衰减,左心辅助装置表面温度有无上升;通过对健康成年狗1条行辅助循环,验证左心辅助装置的可植入性,通过超声测量左心辅助装置的流量,检测术前、术后动物血常规变化,并计算溶血指数（normalized index of hemolysis,NIH）以评估血细胞破坏程度.结果 左心辅助装置在体外37°甘油水浴中,在16V电压下运转流量维持在（2.3±0.06） L/min,间隔30 min测量左心辅助装置表面温度无明显变化情况,温度升高（1.41±0.054）℃;直至左心辅助装置连续运行72 h,左心辅助装置无机械损耗,左心辅助装置表面温度无持续升高.左心辅助装置通过股动脉植入,在X光透视下证实左心辅助装置出入水口分别位于主动脉瓣两侧,植入过程顺利,导管无折断;左心辅助装置在额定电压下运转,在动物体内能提供（1.885±0.563） L/min的流量,NIH为（0.054±0.008）g/100L.左心辅助装置在额定电压范围内,持续在动物体内运转6h,左心辅助装置无机械损耗.结论 本课题组所研制的一种经皮植入式左心辅助装置可通过股动脉顺利植入动物体内,并在动物体内正常运转,稳定性好,有希望成为一种可用于临床上心血管急危重症抢救的左心辅助装置.     

一种心肌细胞替换实验技术的研究

目的:研究一种新的能将细胞注入到小鼠跳动心脏的受伤部位,以治疗受损心脏的实验外科技术。方法:在动物外科手术中设计一种新的固定装置以提供细胞注入通道,并采用一个转基因小鼠模型提供特殊心肌细胞。结果:与对照组相比,小鼠存活率显著提高（P<0.01）。结论:利用绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记的胚胎心肌细胞对受损心脏的修复可使细胞替换疗法的实验研究变得更加方便。     

Effectiveness of a new inflatable balloon device for gluing dissected layers in an experimental model of aortic dissection

OBJECTIVES:

In the surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection, tissue glues are widely used to reinforce the adhesion between the dissected aortic layers. A new inflatable balloon device was developed to compress the dissected aortic wall during gluing to increase adhesion between the dissected layers. The present study used an ex vivo experimental animal model to test the hypothesis that this device is effective when gluing the true and false channels of dissected aortas.

METHODS:

In the ex vivo experimental model, aortic dissection was simulated surgically on 12 fresh bovine aorta samples. In six samples (group I), the inflatable balloon device was inserted into the aorta to reinforce and fuse the dissected layers during gluing. The other six fresh bovine aortic samples (group II) were compressed between the surgeon’s fingers during gluing. Aortic samples were evaluated and compared macroscopically and histologically.

RESULTS:

In group I, adhesion between the dissected layers was easily achieved during gluing. All false cavities were perfectly closed, with no deleterious effects related to the device. In group II, the adhesion between the dissected layers was not complete and some false cavities remained patent.

CONCLUSIONS:

The inflatable balloon device can increase the adhesive effect of tissue glues via homogenous compression of the dissected aortic layers. In addition, the balloon can prevent distal embolization of the glue.     

Left ventricular assist device exchange for persistent infection: a case series and review of the literature

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) exchange for control of infection may be an option for the treatment of persistent and severe infections of the LVAD. Data are limited regarding the indications for device exchange, methods for exchanging infected devices, post‐exchange antimicrobial management, and outcomes of such patients. We report a series of cases in which an exchange was performed for persistent LVAD infection, review the literature on LVAD exchange and surgical techniques for these infectious complications, and suggest management strategies from a multidisciplinary perspective.     

Embolization of an amplatzer mVSD occluder device used for percutaneous closure of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm: Case report and literature review

Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is a rare, but potentially dangerous condition. The high morbidity and mortality rate associated with its surgical management has led to the development of transcatheter approaches. We report a case of percutaneous closure of an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm using an Amplatzer mVSD occluder device complicated by device embolization at day 27 and we review the literature of Amplatzer devices in this off‐label use. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A comparison of two methods for estimating the area at risk in experimental myocardial infarction

Summary In a canine model of coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, we assessed the amount of myocardium at risk for necrosis using both post-mortem perfusion staining with triphenyltetrazoliumchloride (TTC) and autoradiography following in vivo injection of¹⁴¹Ce microspheres.Twenty-four transverse slices of 5 dog hearts were analyzed. In the same heart slice planimetry was performed both on the calibrated colour picture taken after TTC staining (A) and on the autoradiogram (B).The values for the area at risk, as determined by both methods, were very closely correlated and almost identical: A=0.977 B+31.4 mm², r=0.99, p<0.001. This is in contrast to an earlier report where a different autoradiographic technique was used.In short-term experimental models of coronary artery occlusion, autoradiography delineates an area at risk, matching very closely the area at risk obtained after TTC staining.     

中医药治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床及实验研究进展

本文阐述了近年来中医对慢性乙型肝炎病因病机的认识。总结了中医药的临床治疗和实验研究进展,并指出当前研究存在的一些缺陷和今后的研究方向。