TURBT术后联合化疗与根治性膀胱切除术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的疗效对比研究

目的:分析对比经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术（transurethral bladder tumor,TURBT）术后联合静脉化疗与根治性膀胱切除术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床效果以及生活质量。方法:回顾性分析2014年07月至2017年03月我院肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者73例,其中TURBT术后行静脉化疗39例为观察组,行根治性膀胱切除术34例为对照组。观察对比两组围术期指标、术后并发症发生情况、术后随访2年内复发和生存情况以及患者术后生活质量评价。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组术后并发症总发生率为10.3%（4/39）;对照组术后并发症总发生率为32.4%（11/34）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组和对照组术后3个月、6个月复发率比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）;12、24个月的复发率比较均有显著差异（P＜0.05）。两组患者术后12、24个月的无复发生存率比较均有显著差异（P＜0.05）;两组患者术后6个月、12个月总体生存率比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）,观察组术后24个月总体生存率显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组患者术后社会功能评分、心理功能评分、躯体功能评分均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论:TURBT术后联合静脉化疗治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌效果显著,术后并发症少,恢复快,可以提高患者术后生活质量,适合临床长期推广应用。     

经尿道钬激光切除术与等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效及安全性对比

目的 探讨经尿道钬激光切除术与等离子电切术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤的疗效及安全性.方法 选择60例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,根据入院时间先后,分为TURBT组(31例)及钬激光切除组(29例).观察2组的手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间、术中闭孔神经反射发生率、术中穿孔率、住院时间、住院费用、留置尿管时间及术后1年复发率.结果 TURBT的手术时间、术后膀胱冲洗时间均明显长于钬激光切除组,而其术中闭孔神经反射发生率及术中膀胱穿孔发生率也高于钬激光切除组,P均＜0.05.钬激光切除组的住院时间、平均住院花费、平均留置导管时间及术后1年复发率均明显低于TURBT组,P均＜0.05.结论 相较于等离子电切术,钬激光切除术治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤,术中术后情况均更好.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者保留膀胱术后的预后状况研究

目的探究肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者保留膀胱术后的预后状况及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析50例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,均行膀胱部分切除术配合辅助化疗治疗,COX回归分析影响术后预后复发及生存的因素。结果 5年总生存率为60.00%,5年总复发率为46.00%;经单因素筛选及多因素回归分析后,淋巴血管侵犯、输尿管再植术等均是影响术后无复发率与总生存率的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者保留膀胱术后的预后状况,与淋巴血管侵犯、输尿管再植术等因素密切相关,应引起临床重视。     

保留膀胱的综合治疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后的荟萃分析

目的 比较保留膀胱手术+术后化疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的预后.方法 检索保留膀胱手术+术后化疗与根治性手术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌(muscle-invasive bladder cancer,MIBC)的对照研究,比较两种治疗方案的术后5年生存率,计算合并优势比(OR)和95%CI.结果 共纳入7项研究,累积876例患者.1组研究的OR=1.03,95%CI为1.03(0.52~2.02),4组研究的OR及其95%CI﹤1,2组研究的OR及其95%CI﹥1;7个研究的总OR=1.05,95%CI为1.05(0.53~2.06),跨过"无差异线",故认为根治性膀胱全切术(radical cystectomy,RC)与保留膀胱的综合治疗预后差异无统计学意义(Z=0.13,P=0.89).结论 对于部分肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,保留膀胱的综合治疗不会降低患者的5年生存率,且能保留患者膀胱的正常功能,提高了患者的生存质量,但适应证需严格把握.     

TURBT治疗早期非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果分析

目的：探讨经尿道电切术（TURBT）治疗早期非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）的临床效果。方法选择手术治疗的早期NMIBC患者100例进行回顾性分析,根据手术方法不同,将患者分为开腹组（n=46）与TURBT组（n=54）,开腹组患者采取传统开腹手术治疗,TURBT组患者采取TURBT手术治疗,对比两组患者的手术近期效果及术后复发情况。结果 TURBT组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、尿管留置时间、住院时间均明显低于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;TURBT组患者膀胱穿孔及闭孔神经反射的发生率均高于开腹组患者,差异均有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;TURBT组患者的尿道狭窄发生率明显低于开腹组患者,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;TURBT组患者的复发率、中位复发时间与开腹组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论 TURBT治疗早期NMIBC的效果与开腹手术相当,但是具有手术创伤小、恢复快的优势。     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术后辅助化疗的研究进展

根治性膀胱切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)的并发症较多,且会降低患者的生活质量.近年来,各种保留膀胱的综合治疗方法逐渐增多,可切实改善患者的近期和远期疗效,提高患者的生活质量,术后进行不同方式的辅助化疗,不仅可以避免尿流改道,维持正常的膀胱功能,保持患者较好的生活质量,而且不会明显降低患者的生存率.本文对MIBC经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术后辅助化疗的研究进展进行综述.     

膀胱癌根治性全膀胱切除术后行不同尿流改道术对患者生活质量的影响

目的:分析膀胱癌根治性全膀胱切除术后行不同尿流改道术对患者生活质量的影响。方法:选取我院2014年7月至2015年12月期间收治的142例行根治性膀胱全切除及尿道改造术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按照不同改道术将患者分成A组（原位新膀胱术组）（71例,其中原位乙状结肠新膀胱术16例,原位回肠新膀胱术55例）与B组（非原位尿流改道术组）（71例,其中输尿管皮肤造口术10例,回肠通道术61例）,治疗结束后记录并比较2组患者近期临床疗效和生活质量。结果:A组手术时间、住院时间均较B组延长（P＜0.05）。B组患者并发症发生率较A组低,但两组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.370）。两组患者术后生活质量比较均存在差异（P＜0.05）,其中在生理机能、生理职能、社会功能、精神健康及情感职能5个方面两组患者比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且均以A组患者得分较高,而在躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力的比较上两组患者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:在根治性膀胱全切除术中采用不同尿流改道术对治疗膀胱癌均具有一定的临床疗效和安全性,但采用原位新膀胱尿流改道的方式更利于提高患者术后生活质量,值得临床上推广使用。     

吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术术后复发的影响

目的 探讨吉西他滨膀胱灌注化疗对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBT)术后复发的影响.方法 依据膀胱灌注化疗药物将76例NMIBC患者分为研究组(n=42)和对照组(n=34),两组患者均接受TURBT术,术后研究组患者接受吉西他滨灌注化疗,对照组患者接受吡柔比星灌注化疗.比较两组患者膀...     

Management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the elderly

Bladder cancer is rare in patients below the age of 50 years, and most patients are in their 60s and 70s. Radical cystectomy is the preferred approach for patients with localized disease in most European countries and the USA, and evidence is growing in favor of neoadjuvant, platinum-based chemotherapy for patients at high risk of local and systemic relapse. Transurethral resection (TUR) followed by radiotherapy with or without concomitant chemotherapy appears to be a reasonable alternative, particularly in the UK and Canada. However, the elderly pose several treatment dilemmas, including the increased risk of perioperative complications, the management of orthotopic neobladder or different types of urinary diversion, as well as the higher risk of adverse events caused by pelvic radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Multidimensional parameters such as biologic prognostic factors, performance status, functional independence, comorbidities and cognitive function of the patient should be collected in order to tailor treatment to the patient’s life expectancy and preferences. Optimized integration of TUR followed by bladder removal (or radiotherapy), with or without adjunctive chemotherapy, can be recommended for otherwise healthy patients. Palliative measures, such as TUR followed by external radiotherapy alone or monochemotherapy, should be reserved for partially impaired patients with moderate comorbidities, in order to maximize the balance of benefits and toxicities. This review summarizes recent data concerning surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy for bladder cancer in the elderly, and discusses pros and cons of the currently available therapeutic options.     

老年男性浸润性膀胱癌患者的诊治及预后分析

目的:探讨老年男性浸润性膀胱癌患者的诊治及预后因素。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月1日至2017年12月31日于我院收治男性浸润性膀胱癌患者中年龄≥70岁的尿路上皮癌患者115例。所有患者均行根治性膀胱全切术,依据预后结局将患者分为删失组及死亡组,比较两组基线资料、治疗方法及预后情况,采用log-rank检验进行单因素分析,Cox风险比例回归模型进行多因素分析,并绘制有意义变量的生存曲线。结果:在115例患者中,48例患者术后全因死亡,决定患者预后的独立危险因素是ASA分级（HR=2.645,P=0.001）和辅助化疗（HR=2.453,P=0.005）,患者的1、3、5年总生存率分别为77.9%、65.4%、45.3%。结论:根治性膀胱全切术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术是治疗老年男性浸润性膀胱癌的主要方式,年龄并不是影响患者预后生存的独立危险因素,其生存期可能与ASA分级及术后辅助化疗有关。     

老年局限期小细胞肺癌应慎用同期放化疗

目的 探讨同期放化疗在老年局限期小细胞肺癌治疗中的价值。方法 回顾分析2006—2011年本院行根治性胸部放疗的 168例局限期小细胞肺癌患者临床资料,将年龄≥65岁者定义为老年组(53例),<65岁者定义为非老年组(115例),对比不同治疗模式在老年和非老年患者的疗效及不良反应差异。结果 随访率为95.2%(两组分别失访 4例)。全组中位OS为24.6个月,中位PFS期为15.4个月。老年患者同期放化疗和序贯放化疗的中位OS分别为15.9个月和24.6个月(P=0.013),3、4级血液学不良反应发生率分别为13.3%和2.6%(P=0.170);非老年患者同期放化疗和序贯放化疗的中位OS分别为39.6个月和24.5个月(P=0.018),不良反应发生率相近(P=0.250~0.757)。结论 老年局限期小细胞肺癌同期放化疗的实施要谨慎进行,序贯放化疗可能是一种替代选择。     

同步放化疗及序贯放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌脑转移的疗效及生存质量分析

目的:探究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）合并脑转移的患者分别接受同步放化疗和序贯放化疗的近期临床疗效及2年内生存质量的差别。方法:对我院收治的60例非小细胞肺癌合并脑转移患者资料进行统计分析,接受同步放化疗33例,接受序贯放化疗27例。比较两组近期疗效、中位生存时间、不良反应和无疾病进展生存期（PFS）。结果:同步放化疗组与序贯放化疗组患者治疗总有效率分别为79%、56%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;同步放化疗组中位生存时间和PFS均优于序贯放化疗组（P＜0.05）;同步放化疗组的不良反应发生率高于序贯放化疗组,但两者差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:与序贯放化疗相比,同步放化疗可显著提高非小细胞肺癌合并脑转移患者的近期疗效,延长生存期且不会更多地影响患者生存质量。     

Bladder conservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

In the UK alone, approximately 10,000 patients are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year. Of these, muscle-invasive bladder cancer stage T2 or T3 accounts for 10–15%, with the remainder being non-muscle-invasive tumors, dealt with by local intravesical treatment. This group of patients are often older, the median age at presentation being 65–70 years and since this is a smoking-associated cancer there are often significant comorbidities. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common histological type and comprises >90% of bladder cancers. Other cell types include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, lymphoma and melanoma. In bladder cancer, the most important prognostic factors are stage and grade. Cystectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy all have a role in the management of bladder cancer. In many centers across the world, the standard management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, stage T2 and T3, is radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. There is now increasing evidence that modern nonsurgical approaches using chemoradiation achieve results at least as good as those with surgery and enable bladder preservation in the majority of patients. Optimal chemoradiation schedules and the role of radiosensitizers remain important areas of research to optimize the bladder-preserving approach. Ultimately, a prospective randomized trial is needed to compare modern state-of-the-art surgery with chemoradiation to provide high-level evidence on which informed patient choices can be made.     

The outcome of elderly patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after platinum-based combination chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The majority of patients with advanced urothelial cancer are elderly, but data regarding this specific age group are limited. We compared the tolerability and efficacy of first-line platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin)-based chemotherapy in elderly patients (> or =70 years) with those in younger patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 381 patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma received CIMV (cisplatin, ifosphamide, methotrexate, vinblastine) (n=32), MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin) (n=105), DC (docetaxel, cisplatin) (n=174), CaG (carboplatin, gemcitabine) (n=64) or other regimes (n=6) and were included in this analysis. RESULTS: A total of 116 patients were > or =70 years. Elderly patients experienced more frequent neutropenia grade 3/4 (55% versus 37%, P=0.087) and renal toxicity (28% versus 10%, P=0.033) among patients treated with CIMV/MVAC, and neutropenic infections (4% versus 0%, P=0.019) among patients treated with DC. Median survival did not differ significantly between elderly and younger patients (9.3 versus 10.5 months, P=0.16). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) and haemoglobin were independently associated with prognosis. Patients with PS <2 and haemoglobin > or =10 g/dl had a median survival of 14 months as opposed to 5 months for patients with PS > or =2 or haemoglobin <10 g/dl (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients with advanced urothelial cancer tolerate platinum-based chemotherapy well and derive the same benefit as their younger counterparts.