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1.
Andreas Voss Sangmin Ryan Shin Akira M. Murakami Mark P. Cote Andrea Achtnich Elmar Herbst Anthony A. Schepsis Cory Edgar 《The Knee》2017,24(5):1247-1255
Background
Trochlear dysplasia is an important risk factor associated with patellofemoral instability, but it remains difficult to classify with consistency. Currently there is no objective way to quantify the dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to define and quantify objectively the trochlear morphology by volume and length via computed tomography (CT).Methods
One-hundred control patients (136 knees) were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 36 consecutive patients (72 knees) who were treated surgically for recurrent patellar instability and known trochlear dysplasia based on a lateral radiograph. Trochlear morphology was analyzed from a pre-operative CT and data presented as trochlear sulcus volume trochlear length. To determine where along the trochlear length dysplasia is most variable, the trochlear length was radiographically divided into thirds, volume was quantified along that section and compared to control trochlear.Results
A significant difference in trochlear morphology exists between cohorts, volume (1.98 vs 3.77 cm3) and length (31.97 vs 34.66 mm) (p < 0.05). However, there appears to be a gender based difference in trochlea morphology. The trochlea volumetric analysis between the female cohorts (L: 2.02 cm3 vs. 2.94 cm3, R: 1.95 cm3 vs. 2.93 cm3) demonstrated significantly less volume in instability patients (p < 0.001). The proximal third of the trochlear contributed the majority of dysplasia difference determined by comparing mean trochlear volume, 95% of the difference. This difference decreased in distal sections, 53% and 32% respectively.Conclusion
This reproducible technique can be used to quantify the trochlea morphology, in order to describe the severity of a dysplasia. 相似文献2.
Takeo Nagura Yasuo Niki Kengo Harato Takeshi Mochizuki Yoshimori Kiriyama 《The Knee》2017,24(2):250-257
Background
Analysis of dynamic knee loading during gait is essential to prevent mechanical failures following total knee arthroplasty. External knee adduction moment during gait is the primary factor producing medial joint reaction force, and an increase in the moment is directly related to an increase in the medial compartment load on the knee.Methods
Knee adduction moment during gait in 39 knees of 32 female patients following a posterior stabilized knee replacement with a single surgeon was evaluated at 1.3 months following surgery. A cut-off moment was determined as mean + 1 standard deviation (SD) of the moment from 10 healthy subjects, and patients' knees were divided into high- and normal-moment groups. Significant differences in clinical assessments and gait parameters between the two groups were assessed.Results
Based on the cut-off moment, 23 knees were grouped into normal knees and 16 knees were grouped into high-moment knees. High-moment knees showed identical femorotibial angles and knee society scores but had greater toe-out angles and medially directed ground reaction forces compared to normal-moment knees. High-moment knees showed strong correlations between peak moment and knee adduction angle, and frontal plain moment arm.Conclusions
The clinical significance of a high knee adduction moment following total knee arthroplasty remains unclear, but dynamic frontal alignment during gait is one of the key factors for residual high-moment knees following surgery. 相似文献3.
Christopher J. Maugans Matthew G. Scuderi Frederick W. Werner Stefanos F. Haddad John P. Cannizzaro 《The Knee》2017,24(2):264-270
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a modified step-cut tibial tubercle osteotomy (Maquet–Fulkerson hybrid) might produce comparable or better results than a standard oblique anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy (Fulkerson type) and thus warrant the surgical need for additional cuts.Methods
Six pairs of cadaveric knees were evaluated prior to and after tibial tubercle osteotomies. Simulation was done via a shallow knee bend simulator through 20 to 70° of knee flexion for the intact specimens and following the surgical procedures. The variables tested were trochlear contact forces and pressures and patellar motion.Results
Testing showed a decreased force (P = 0.027), peak contact pressure (P = 0.01) and contact area (P = 0.034) on the lateral trochlea of the femur for both types of osteotomies. There was no significant difference in the lateral femoral peak pressure or in the medial femoral peak pressure between the oblique cut and the step-cut. Also, there was no difference in patellar motion after either procedure.Conclusion
We conclude that both osteotomies decrease lateral patellofemoral trochlear pressure. The oblique osteotomy may decrease lateral pressure to a greater extent. Regarding biomechanical testing, there was no demonstrable advantage to performing a step-cut osteotomy. 相似文献4.
Background
Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the most frequent surgical procedure performed in patients with patellar instability. Recently, concerns regarding physeal injury during femoral tunnel placement for anatomical MPFL reconstruction in children have been discussed.Methods
This is the first case to report partial posterior physeal growth arrest and subsequent flexion deformity of the distal femur after MPFL reconstruction in a skeletally immature patient. The cause and treatment are discussed.Results
Postoperative knee extension deficit and recurrent patellar instability were successfully treated with revision surgery including, distal femoral extension osteotomy, medialization of the tibial tuberosity, trochleoplasty and MPFL graft tensioning.Conclusion
This case highlights that care should be taken during femoral tunnel placement for anatomic graft fixation to avoid physeal injuries in skeletally immature patients. 相似文献5.
6.
Casey A. Slattery Christopher Y. Kweon Mia S. Hagen Albert O. Gee Richard V. Williamson 《The Knee》2018,25(6):1165-1170
Background
While degenerative changes to the articular cartilage of the anterior and distal portions of the femoral condyles have been well studied in the literature, the changes that occur on the posterior femoral condyle are not as clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in articular cartilage thickness between the medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles in knees undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.Methods
A retrospective review of prospectively gathered data on 107 consecutive patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty performed by a single surgeon was performed. The remaining articular cartilage thickness after resection of the posterior femoral condyle was measured and simple analysis conducted to compare cartilage thickness between medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles.Results
Ninety-two medial unicompartmental arthroplasties and 15 lateral unicompartmental arthroplasties were performed during the 16?month study period. The majority of lateral UKA patients were female and had lower BMI than medial UKA patients. The articular cartilage thickness on the medial posterior femoral condyle was 3?mm?±?1?mm (mean?±?standard deviation) and 1?mm?±?1?mm on the lateral side (p-value < 0.001).Conclusions
There is a significant difference in articular cartilage thickness between the medial and lateral posterior femoral condyles in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. This coincides with a potentially inherently different pattern of articular cartilage degeneration between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee and has implications on implant designs and resurfacing techniques about the knee. 相似文献7.
Hiroshi Nakayama Syunichiro Kambara Tomoya Iseki Ryo Kanto Kenji Kurosaka Shinichi Yoshiya 《The Knee》2017,24(5):1039-1046
Background
To compare the early postoperative outcomes and complications of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with and without remnant preservation.Methods
The study population comprised 125 consecutive knees that underwent double-bundle ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft. Among the 125 knees, remnant preservation was indicated for 50 knees, while standard double-bundle reconstruction was performed in the remaining 75 knees. Postoperative evaluations included heel-height difference (HHD) at periodical follow-ups, number of knees requiring arthroscopic debridement due to problematic extension loss within six months, re-injury within one year, graft status upon second-look arthroscopy, and clinical examinations by Lysholm score and KT measurement at one year.Results
All patients could be followed up for a minimum of one year after surgery. When the results obtained from both groups were compared, HHD values were significantly larger in the preservation group at three and six months, and the rate of knees requiring arthroscopic debridement was also higher in this group (12% versus 4.0%). Graft status on second-look arthroscopy was considered to be good for 92% of the knees in the preservation group versus 59% in the non-preservation group. Re-injury rates within one year were 2.0% in the preservation group and 5.3% in the non-preservation group. No significant differences in clinical examinations were found between the groups at one year.Conclusions
Remnant preservation in double-bundle hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction may enhance tissue healing; however, retention of the remnant with its full volume resulted in an increased incidence of postoperative problematic extension loss. 相似文献8.
Samarth Mittal Arkesh M Vivek Shankar Swapnil Singh Pankaj Sharma Ravi Mittal 《The Knee》2017,24(1):158-162
Background
Dislocation of the patella can occur around its vertical as well as horizontal axis. However, near 180 degree rotation of the patella around its vertical axis within the intercondylar notch without its complete dislocation has never been previously reported to the best of our knowledge. We report one such neglected case along with its management.Methods
The patient underwent open reduction and de-rotation of patella with repair of the medial and lateral patellar retinacula. The orientation of the patellar tendon intra-operatively was used as a guide for the reduction manoeuvre required.Results
The patient had a good functional result at more than one year of follow-up.Conclusions
A skyline view of the knee in symptomatic patients with normal AP and lateral radiographs of the knee can be useful in diagnosing a rare intra-articular dislocation of the patella around its vertical axis. Neglected cases of such injuries can be easily treated with open reduction with the orientation of the patellar tendon guiding the manoeuvre to de-rotate the patella. Careful repair of lateral and medial retinacula in such cases is important in preventing future patellar instability. 相似文献9.
Andrew D. Pearle Jelle P. van der List Lily Lee Thomas M. Coon Todd A. Borus Martin W. Roche 《The Knee》2017,24(2):419-428
Background
Successful clinical outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) depend on lower limb alignment, soft tissue balance and component positioning, which can be difficult to control using manual instrumentation. Although robotic-assisted surgery more reliably controls these surgical factors, studies assessing outcomes of robotic-assisted UKA are lacking. Therefore, a prospective multicenter study was performed to assess outcomes of robotic-assisted UKA.Methods
A total of 1007 consecutive patients (1135 knees) underwent robotic-assisted medial UKA surgery from six surgeons at separate institutions between March 2009 and December 2011. All patients received a fixed-bearing metal-backed onlay implant as tibial component. Each patient was contacted at minimum two-year follow-up and asked a series of five questions to determine survivorship and patient satisfaction. Worst-case scenario analysis was performed whereby all patients were considered as revision when they declined participation in the study.Results
Data was collected for 797 patients (909 knees) with average follow-up of 29.6 months (range: 22–52 months). At 2.5-years of follow-up, 11 knees were reported as revised, which resulted in a survivorship of 98.8%. Thirty-five patients declined participation in the study yielding a worst-case survivorship of 96.0%. Of all patients without revision, 92% was either very satisfied or satisfied with their knee function.Conclusion
In this multicenter study, robotic-assisted UKA was found to have high survivorship and satisfaction rate at short-term follow-up. Prospective comparison studies with longer follow-up are necessary in order to compare survivorship and satisfaction rates of robotic-assisted UKA to conventional UKA and total knee arthroplasty. 相似文献10.
Arne Ekeland Tor Kjetil Nerhus Sigbjørn Dimmen Elisabeth Thornes Stig Heir 《The Knee》2017,24(2):380-389
Background
To report time dependent functional improvement and predictive risk factors for failure when the load in varus knees with medial osteoarthritis is shifted from the medial to the lateral knee compartment.Methods
Forty-nine consecutive patients (52 knees), mean age 47 (31–64) years, underwent a high tibial opening-wedge valgus osteotomy stabilized with a Puddu plate and bone grafting. The patients were evaluated with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) preoperatively and at three and six months, one, two, five and 10 years postoperatively with a mean follow-up time of 8.3 years (2.0–10.6).Results
Mean angular correction was 8.0° (four to 12). The five subscores of KOOS increased significantly during the first year by 40–131% from preoperative values, the good results remaining throughout the 10-year follow-up for those with a surviving osteotomy. The outcome was related to the grade of preoperative osteoarthritis. Seven knees were converted to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) mean 6.2 years (two to nine) post-operatively, and had a lower KOOS preoperatively than those of surviving osteotomies. The osteotomy survival rate at five years was 94% and at 10 years 83%. Patients with KOOS subscore quality of life (QoL) < 44 at the two-year follow-up had a 11.7 times higher risk for later TKA than those with QoL ≥ 44 (P = 0.017).Conclusion
High tibial opening-wedge osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis resulted in good functional recovery after one year and favorable mid-term results. It may be a good treatment option for middle-aged patients with varus knees and medial osteoarthritis in order to prevent or postpone TKA. 相似文献11.
Fabrizio Matassi Tommaso Paoli Roberto Civinini Christian Carulli Massimo Innocenti 《The Knee》2017,24(5):1160-1165
Background
Oxidized zirconium (OxZr) has demonstrated excellent mechanical properties in vitro when used against articular cartilage; less coefficient of friction and less chondral damage have been found when compared with cobalt–chromium (CoCr) implants. However, controversy exists as to whether implants with a zirconium femoral component articulate safely with a native patella in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To answer this question, the clinical and radiographic results were analysed from a group of patients who underwent a TKA with patella retention; the OxZr versus CoCr femoral components were compared.Methods
The present study prospectively evaluated 83 knees of 74 patients from 2009 to 2010. Each patient was evaluated clinically (visual analogue scale, Knee Society score, patellar score) and radiographically (long leg standing radiograph, anterior–posterior and latero-lateral projections, axial view of the patella) pre-operatively and postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 4.47 years. The patellar tilt and shift, and progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis were calculated with the axial view.Results
There were no patient reported adverse reactions and none of the evaluated prostheses failed. Both the clinical and radiographic evaluations showed no statistically significant between-group differences.Conclusion
No adverse events were observed clinically or radiologically. These results justify pursuing the use of oxidized zirconium as an alternative bearing surface for a femoral component associated with patellar retention in TKA. 相似文献12.
Hideo Kobayashi Yasushi Akamatsu Ken Kumagai Yoshihiro Kusayama Tomoyuki Saito 《The Knee》2017,24(5):1108-1117
Background
We evaluated bone union and remodelling in patients undergoing opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with bone gaps filled with beta-tricalcium phosphate. We examined the effectiveness of radiography and computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of bone union and remodelling, and investigated whether lateral hinge fractures affected bone union.Methods
Sixty-six cases underwent OWHTO with a combination of a TomoFix plate and a bone substitute. Bone union and remodelling were assessed using the rating system for OWHTO at three and six months, postoperatively.Results
Radiographic evaluation showed that bone union of the lateral hinge was 85% and 100% at three and six months, respectively. Based on CT evaluation, bone union of the lateral hinge and the flange was achieved in all cases at six months, and the bone union of the posterior cortex reached Zone 3 in 83% at six months. Based on radiographic evaluation, bone remodelling phases of bone substitute had progressed in each zone in six months compared with three months. Radiographic and CT analyses identified a Takeuchi type I hinge fracture in fourteen (21.2%) and five (7.6%) knees at two weeks postoperatively, respectively. There were no differences in bone union with and without the lateral hinge fracture.Conclusions
The use of CT enabled us to evaluate the bone union of the flange and the extent of the bone union of the posterior cortex. Plain radiographs are useful to evaluate bone union of the lateral hinge similar to CT analysis. The presence of a Takeuchi type I hinge fracture did not affect bone union. 相似文献13.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to report the clinical and functional results of patients who underwent surgical management for posterior knee dislocation associated with extensor apparatus rupture.Introduction
Posterior knee dislocations associated with extensor apparatus ruptures are defined as rare but complicated injuries, which are difficult to return to the level of activity prior to the injury. The study demonstrated a hypothesis that good knee stability and early gain of range of motion could be achieved with deliberate design of the treatment protocol and proper application of the instruments.Methods
Fifteen patients with posterior knee dislocations associated with extensor apparatus ruptures were evaluated after reduction and repair of extensor apparatus. Following that, multiple-ligament reconstruction in association with use of a lateral knee-spanning external fixator was applied for at least six weeks. Ligament reconstructions were performed using allografts. Range of motion and knee stability were both measured at each follow-up evaluation at a mean time of 36 months. The assessment was made using the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale.Results
The mean Lysholm scale score was 87.6 (range 73–95), with excellent in 11 cases, good in two, and fair in two. In the final evaluation, the range of motion was a mean range of 123.4° (range 100–135).Conclusion
The use of a lateral knee-spanning external fixator ensured the safety of repaired vessels, knee stability after reduction, and early rehabilitation with range of motion. 相似文献14.
Won Sik Choy Kwang Won Lee Ha Yong Kim Kap Jung Kim Young Sub Chun Dae Suk Yang 《The Knee》2017,24(4):829-836
Background
Because Asian populations have different lifestyles, such as squatting and sitting on the floor, from those of Western populations, it is possible that the clinical results and survival rate of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for Asian patients may be different. This study described outcomes of mobile bearing medial UKA for Korean patients.Methods
A total of the 164 knees treated with mobile bearing UKAs in 147 patients (14 males and 133 females) were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 12.1 years (range 10.1–14).Results
The clinical outcomes, such as the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee score, the Oxford Knee Score and the Knee Society rating system, showed statistically significant improvement from pre-operative to final follow-up (P < 0.05). A total of 26 UKAs (15.8%) required revision; the most common reason was bearing dislocation. The 95% confidence interval of survival rate at 12 years was 84.1%, with revision for any reason as the end point.Conclusions
Minimally invasive mobile bearing UKA in Asian patients who required high degrees of knee flexion showed rapid recovery and good clinical outcome. However, they also showed relatively high rates of bearing dislocation and aseptic loosening. Therefore, mobile bearing UKA should only be performed in patients whose lifestyle involves high flexions after carefully considering these risks and benefits. 相似文献15.
Kyoung-Tak Kang Juhyun Son Oh-Ryong Kwon Changhyun Baek Dong Beom Heo Kyoung-Mi Park Ho-Joong Kim Yong-Gon Koh 《The Knee》2017,24(1):23-30
Background
There have been arguments for methodology in tibial rotation axis measurement, which accordingly determines the morphometry of the proximal tibia in total knee arthroplasty. The morphometry of the proximal tibia for the Korean population is determined by gender, based on the anatomical tibial axis and reliable rotational orientation in knee replacements, to evaluate the size suitability of the currently available prostheses in Korea.Methods
This study reconstructed the MRI images in three-dimensions for identification and measurement of the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) lengths of the proximal tibia and the tibial aspect ratio (ML/AP) using proximal tibial anthropometric data for 700 osteoarthritic knees (587 females and 113 males). The ML and AP lengths were measured using tibial rotation axis techniques based on the medial one-third tibial tubercle and Cobb's method.Results
Significant differences (P < 0.05) in ML, medial anteroposterior (MAP), lateral anteroposterior (LAP) lengths, and aspect ratio (ML/LAP) were observed for males and females with respect to different measurement techniques for the tibial rotation axis. However, the measured aspect ratio (ML/MAP) of tibiae for the Korean population did not show significance. The measured aspect ratio (ML/AP) ratio of tibiae for the Korean population was higher than that of currently available tibial components.Conclusions
Results from this study can guide development of gender-specific tibial prosthesis designs with different ML and AP aspect ratios based on the tibial anatomical rotation axis for the Korean population. 相似文献16.
Amirhesam Amerinatanzi Rodney Summers Kaveh Ahmadi Vijay K. Goel Timothy E. Hewett Edward Nyman 《The Knee》2017,24(2):207-216
Background
The proximal tibia is geometrically complex, asymmetrical, and variable, is heavily implicated in arthrokinematics of the knee joint, and thus a contributor to knee pathologies such as non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Medial, lateral, and coronal tibial slopes are anatomic parameters that may increase predisposition to knee injuries, but the extent to which each contributes has yet to be fully realized. Previously, two-dimensional methods have quantified tibial slopes, but more reliable 3D methods may prove advantageous.Aims
(1) to explore the reliability of two-dimensional methods, (2) to introduce a novel three-dimensional measurement approach, and (3) to compare data derived from traditional and novel methods.Methods
Medial, lateral, and coronal tibial slope geometry from both knees (left and right) of one subject were obtained via magnetic resonance images and measured by four trained observers from two-dimensional views. The process was repeated via three-dimensional approaches and data evaluated for intra- and inter-rater reliability.Results
The conventional method presented a weaker Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the measured slopes (ranging from 0.43 to 0.81) while the resultant ICC for the proposed method indicated greater reliability (ranging from 0.84 to 0.97). Statistical analysis supported the novel approach for production of more reliable and repeatable results for tibial slopes.Conclusions
The novel three-dimensional method for calculating tibial plateau slope may be more reliable than previously established methods and may be applicable in assessment of susceptibility to osteoarthritis, as part of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk assessment, and in total knee implant design. 相似文献17.
Yasushi Akamatsu Satoshi Ohno Hideo Kobayashi Yoshihiro Kusayama Ken Kumagai Tomoyuki Saito 《The Knee》2017,24(1):70-75
Background
The coronal subluxation of the proximal tibia relative to the distal femur is a common radiological finding in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The purpose was to evaluate whether the coronal subluxation was corrected after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), and whether this subluxation was one cause of inconsistency between the actual and predicted alignments (correction loss).Methods
Fifty-one patients (55 knees) were treated with OWHTO. The change of location between the intersection points of the femoral and tibial axes on the tibial plateau (subluxation-C), the change of location between the lines through the most lateral points of the lateral femoral and tibial condyles (subluxation-L), and joint space angle (JSA) were compared in standing knee radiographs before and one year after OWHTO. The subluxation-C and subluxation-L were converted to a percentage of the tibial plateau width.Results
The mean subluxation-C of 6.5% before OWHTO significantly increased to a mean subluxation-C of 7.3% one year after OWHTO. The mean subluxation-L of 6.3% and JSA of 4.5° before OWHTO significantly decreased to a subluxation-L of 1.8% and JSA of 3.3° one year after OWHTO. The change in subluxation-L correlated with the change in femorotibial angle and correction loss (r = 0.634, P < 0.001 and r = 0.463, P < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion
The proximal tibia shifted medially relative to the distal femur after OWHTO. This medial shift correlated with the correction loss. The coronal subluxation might be one cause of correction loss. 相似文献18.
Michael Worlicek Benedikt Moser Günther Maderbacher Raphael Zentner Florian Zeman Joachim Grifka Armin Keshmiri 《The Knee》2017,24(4):711-717
Background
Patellofemoral instability may lead to osteoarthritis, anterior knee pain, and patellar luxation. The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory investigation into the difference of patellar kinematics of healthy knees during extension/flexion cycles in neutral, varus and valgus alignment.Methods
The three-dimensional patellar kinematics of 10 lower extremities of whole body cadavers were examined during passive motion, in neutral position, and under valgus and varus stress. Kinematics was recorded by means of an optical computer navigation system.Results
The study samples did not significantly differ with regard to mediolateral patellar shift and epicondylar distance. Varus stress led to significantly higher external rotation than valgus stress (P = 0.04) and to a significantly higher lateral patellar tilt than neutral position (P = 0.016) and valgus stress (P = 0.016). No difference was found between valgus stress and neutral position.Conclusion
Analysis of tibiofemoral alignment alone is insufficient for predicting patellar kinematics. 相似文献19.
Anjana Sudhesan Medha Rajappa Laxmisha Chandrashekar P.H. Ananthanarayanan D.M. Thappa Santhosh Satheesh Adithan Chandrasekaran 《Human immunology》2017,78(10):657-663
Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic factor, is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Being highly polymorphic, several SNPs of VEGF have been reported to be associated with increased risk of psoriasis.Objectives
We determined the association of VEGF gene polymorphisms with risk of psoriasis in South Indian Tamils.Methods
300 cases of psoriasis and 300 controls were recruited in this case-control study. Genotyping of SNPs of VEGF gene was done using Taqman 5′ allele discrimination assay. Estimation of VEGF levels in plasma was done by ELISA.Results
VEGF (rs2010963) polymorphism and the CTC haplotype were found to confer an increased risk of psoriasis. However, two other VEGF SNPs, rs833061, and rs699947, showed no association with psoriasis susceptibility. VEGF levels were higher in patients with psoriasis, as compared with controls and significantly correlated with disease severity.Conclusions
Our results indicate that VEGF (rs2010963) polymorphism and CTC haplotype of the VEGF SNPs (rs699947, rs833061, and rs2010963) confer an increased risk of psoriasis in the South Indian Tamil population. Plasma VEGF levels are higher in patients with psoriasis, as compared with controls and are significantly correlated with disease severity. 相似文献20.
Michael E. Hantes Vasilios A. Raoulis Nikolaos Doxariotis Athanasios Drakos Theofilos Karachalios Konstantinos N. Malizos 《The Knee》2017,24(3):588-593