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1.
Li-xin Jiao Jiang-hong Yu Xiao-li Yu Lin Chen Yu Han Fan Yang 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(2):223-225
Objective
To identify the precise ABO blood type subgroups with genotyping.Method
We screened ABO blood type from voluntary blood donors in our blood collection center. Samples were first examined with a routine serological method. Samples with ambiguous results were further examined with genotyping to identify ABO subgroups.Results
Two samples identified as AweakB by serology were considered to be A/B and B/B by PCR-SSP. However, the gene sequencing results revealed the precise subgroup to be CisAB01/B101 and CisAB05/B101, respectively.Conclusion
It may be difficult to identify non-typical AB patients with a routine serological method. Genotyping is a more precise method to identify blood subgroups. 相似文献2.
Sara Alfieri 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(5):723-731
Background
Scientific literature on blood donation is prevalently concentrated on adults, leaving out adolescents almost completely. While the latter represents “ideal” candidates, they constitute, however, the segment of the population least present among blood donors.Objectives
The present work, composed of two studies, proposes looking into the representations that the adolescents have of blood donation and give voice to the motivations that could persuade them to becoming donors once they reach the legal age for donation. Study I aims to investigate adolescents’ representations about the world of blood donation. Study II aims to investigate a) the underlying motivations for blood donations and b) the relationship between motivations and propensity to donate.Materials/Methods
This paper is based on a mixed methods research design. In Study I, five focus groups were conducted comprising a total of 25 adolescents; for Study II, a self-report questionnaire was administered to 285 adolescents.Results
Study I reveals a lack of information for everything regarding donation, something that produces fear, false beliefs, and an idealized image of the donor.Study II shows that for males, social motivations are fundamental while ego-protective motivations are deterrents, and that females are most impacted by understanding.Conclusion
The study shows how the adolescent population cannot be recruited in the same way as adults, and presents valuable points for those who finalize advertising campaigns for donor recruitment recruitment. 相似文献3.
Kanchan K. Mishra Apeksha Trivedi Sheetal Sosa Krima Patel Kanjaksha Ghosh 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(2):175-178
Background and objectives
Prevalence and composition of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV-1, NAT positive but seronegative voluntary blood donors from western part of India is yet to be documented.Material and methods
Over last 2 1/2 years all the seronegative voluntary blood donors were tested using 10 minipools on a semiautomated NAT testing platform. The positively tested donors were followed up for at least five months for development of seropositivity.Results
79532 seronegative donations were tested by 10 minipool (MP) NAT leading to 51 positive sample (44 Hep B, 5 HIV 1 and Hep C positive). All the HIV and Hep C NAT positive donors eventually developed seropositivity and out of 44 Hep B NAT positive donors, 31 developed seropositivity within six months of follow up, following counseling of the donors. This data translate into NAT yield of 1:1559 donors for all virus taken together. NAT yield for Hep B 1:1807 donors were much higher than HIV 1 in 1:15906 and HCV yield of 1:39761. Semiautomated minipool NAT testing system was found to be cost effective way for improving blood safety.Interpretation and conclusion
Seronegative NAT yield in voluntary blood donors are quiet high in western part of India and in line with rest of the country is mainly due to Hepatitis B infection. Implementation of strict donor screening, Hep B vaccination of the population and sample mutation of NAT testing should be under taken on war footing. 相似文献4.
Ravi C. Dara Aseem K. Tiwari Dinesh Arora Geet Aggarwal Ganesh Singh Rawat Jyoti Sharma Devi Prasad Acharya Gunjan Bhardwaj 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):367-370
Background
There are several studies on prevalence of individual infectious disease markers (mono-infection) in donors but none on prevalence of coinfection. Co-infection is significant as it leads to accelerated disease progression. We, therefore, evaluated the prevalence of co-infection among blood donors.Materials and methods
The cross-sectional analysis was conducted in blood donors. All donors were tested for anti-HIV I and II, HBsAg, anti-HBC IgM, anti-HCV, Malaria and syphilis by chemiluminescence and ID-NAT assay. All reactive donor samples were confirmed by using confirmatory assays. Donors were grouped as mono-infected and co-infected. The student t-test was used for comparison.Results
During the study period, a total of 106,238 blood donors were tested. Mean age of donors was 34.2 years and 94.2% of blood donors were males. 1776 (1.67%) donor samples were confirmed serologically reactive. 1714 (1.61%) samples were reactive for single marker (mono-infected) while 62 (0.05%) donors’ samples exhibited co-infection. 18 donors were positive for HBV+HCV followed by HIV +syphilis (14).Conclusion
We report for the first time the prevalence of different co-infection patterns in blood donors. Co-infection influence the disease progression; it would be important to investigate the co-infection prevalence in larger sample size. 相似文献5.
Azucena Castrillo Teresa Jimenez-Marco José L. Arroyo María L. Jurado Luis Larrea Rosa M. Maymo Jorge Monge Carmen Muñoz Ángel Pajares Marta Yáñez 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):357-361
Background
Diverse variables are involved in apheresis platelet collection, processing and storage. This survey shows how these are realized in Spain.Method
An analysis of collected data was performed in a questionnaire completed by ten Transfusion Centers (TC) which perform between 50 and 520 apheresis procedures per month. This information comprises the procedures used to collect, inspect and store apheresis platelet concentrates (PC), and quality control data.Results
Macroscopic inspection of PC is performed in all TC, especially during the first few hours post-collection and before distribution. The type of processor, duration of post-collection resting periods and temperature from the time of collection until distribution are similar in all TC. In 80% of TC, PC with small and scarce aggregates are distributed to transfusion services. The presence of clumps is influenced by type of processor, female donor, cold ambient temperature and collection of hyperconcentrated platelets, and is often recurrent in the same donor, although some TC have not found any influential variables. Overall, no objective inspection methods are followed, although there are exceptions. The degree of compliance with quality control parameters, such as the number of units studied, mean platelet yield, residual leukocyte counts and pH at expiry date, is acceptable in all TC. Compliance in terms of number of microbiological culture samples is variable.Discussion
The usual practice in Spanish TC with respect to the collection, post-collection handling and storage of apheresis PC can be considered uniform, although some specific aspects of analyses should follow more objective methods. 相似文献6.
Li-xin Jiao Jing-ying Zhang Lin Chen Xiao-li Yu Yu Han Fan Yang Jiang-hong Yu Ling-ling Liu Yue Lang 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(6):855-857
Objective
To study serologic and gene characteristics of the B(A) blood group of blood donation volunteers in Jilin Province, China.Methods
ABO subgroups were identified by standard serologic techniques in ABO typing discrepancy samples from all donors at the Jilin Blood Center (410,354 non-repeat donors). DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) was collected from each sample and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was used to sequence exons 6 and 7 and intron 6, part 5 from the ABO subgroup samples. PCR products were sequenced to identify ABO subgroups and the B(A) allele.Results
Four cases of B(A) blood type were found after sequencing, including two different alleles: B(A)02 and B(A)04. Three of the four alleles were B(A)04.Conclusion
Among blood donation volunteers in Jilin Province, China, B(A)04 is the most common B(A) blood group allele, followed by B(A)02. The B(A) blood group is associated with a complicated serologic phenotype and DNA detection is necessary for this atypical phenotype sample. 相似文献7.
Shabnam Asfaram Mahdi Fakhar Mehdi Mohebali Ahmad Mardani Elham Sadat Banimostafavi Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi Masoud Soosaraei 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):474-479
Background
Little is known regarding transfusion-transmitted leishmaniasis (TTL) and the real global incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) among blood donors as carriers of Leishmania spp. in endemic VL foci including Iran. Recent epidemiological evidences indicate that blood donor may be harbor of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) infection in Iran.Methods
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Leishmania infection among blood donors in a main endemic focus of VL in Iran using DAT and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods Between July–September 2016, blood samples were collected from 600 apparently healthy blood donors from six blood donation centers and blood donation mobile unit in Ardabil Province, where VL cases had been recorded. Each of these samples was tested for anti-Leishmania antibodies, in direct agglutination test (DAT), and for L. infantum kDNA, the PCR-based assay.Results
Of 600 blood donors, which were examined, 23 (3.8%) blood donors were seropositive by DAT and of 23 seropositive subjects, 82.6% (19/23) were positive by PCR. All the seropositive cases were males except one of them was female.Conclusions
Our findings showed that many asymptomatic human carriers of L. infantum live in the endemic regions of northwestern Iran and potentially act as reservoirs of infection; those must be considered carefully by arrangement VL control strategies in the country. 相似文献8.
Ayse Esra Karakoc Rukiye Berkem Hasan Irmak Ali Pekcan Demiroz Idil Yenicesu Nigar Ertugrul Önder Arslan Sabri Kemahli Sevinc Yilmaz Osman Ozcebe Abdurrahman Kara Gulsum Ozet Ziya Cibali Acikgoz Tulin Acikgoz 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(5):732-737
Purpose
In this study we aimed to propose an algorithm for initial anti HCV EIA reactive blood donations in Turkey where nucleic acid amplification tests are not yet obligatory for donor screening.Methods
A total of 416 anti HCV screening test reactive donor samples collected from 13 blood centers from three cities in Turkey were tested in duplicate by Ortho HCV Ab Version 3.0 and Radim HCV Ab. All the repeat reactive samples were tested by INNO-LIA HCV Ab 3.0 or Chiron RIBA HCV 3.0 and Abbott Real Time HCV. Intra-assay correlations were calculated with Pearson r test. ROC analysis was used to study the relationship between EIA tests and the confirmatory tests.Results
The number of repeat reactive results with Ortho EIA were 221 (53.1%) whereas that of microEIA, 62 (14.9%). Confirmed positivity rate was 14.6% (33/226) by RIBA and 10.6% (24/226) by NAT. Reactive PCR results were predicted with 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity with S/CO levels of 8.1 with Ortho EIA and 3.4 with microEIA.Conclusions
Repeat reactivity rates declined with a second HCV antibody assay. Samples repeat reactive with one HCV antibody test and negative with the other were all NAT negative. All the NAT reactive samples were RIBA positive. None of the RIBA indeterminate or negative samples were NAT reactive. Considering the threshold values for EIA kits determined by ROC analysis NAT was decided to be performed for the samples above the threshold value and a validated supplemental HCV antibody test for the samples below. 相似文献9.
Turan Bayhan Şule Ünal Eyüp Çırak Onur Erdem Cemal Akay Orhan Gürsel İbrahim Eker Erdem Karabulut Fatma Gümrük 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(4):539-543
Objectives
Iron is taken into enterocytes at the duodenum via apical divalent metal-ion transporter 1 protein. Besides iron, divalent metal-ion transporter 1 also transports other divalent metals. We aimed to investigate blood heavy metal levels in patients with ineffective erythropoiesis.Methods
Blood levels of heavy metals including Pb, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Zn were measured in patients with thalassemia major (TM), thalassemia intermedia (TI), congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.Results
Blood samples were obtained from 68 patients (51 patients with TM, 8 with TI, 9 with CDA), and a control group that included 65 volunteers. Patients with TM were found to have lower Al, Pb, and Zn, and higher Cd levels compared with the control group. The patients treated with deferasirox were further analyzed and Pb and Zn levels were found lower compared with the control group.Discussion
Patients with TM had tendency to have elevated levels of plasma cadmium; however, the median level was not at a toxic level. Increased metal-ion transporter 1 activity may cause heavy metal accumulation, but deferasirox chelation may be protective against heavy metals besides iron. 相似文献10.
Akira Iwama Junichi Hirayama Masayuki Nogawa Masayuki Shiba Masahiro Satake Shigeru Takamoto Kenji Tadokoro 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(2):241-244
Background
Washed platelet concentrate (WPC) is prepared manually in general, but automated preparation is desirable to minimize variation in the WPC quality and enhance WPC production. Recently, the software was improved for an automated cell processor (ACP) to control all processes of WPC preparation. M-sol and BRS-A, which are mixtures of medical solutions, are widely used for WPC preparation with a manual method in Japan. In this study, we prepared WPC suspended in M-sol (WPC-M) or BRS-A (WPC-B) with the ACP, and compared their in vitro properties during 7-day storage.Study design and methods
PC was divided into two equal aliquots for WPC-M and WPC-B. A divided PC, medical solutions and disposable materials were set in the ACP, and it was started to prepare WPC-M or WPC-B on Day 0. Prepared WPC was stored on a flatbed shaker until Day 7.Results
The pH of WPC-M and WPC-B was maintained above 6.8 during the 7-day storage. The differences in aggregation (%), HSR (%), P-selectin expression, GPIbα expression, and phosphatidylserine expression between WPC-M and WPC-B were minimal until Day 3.Conclusion
The in vitro properties of WPC-B are not markedly different from those of WPC-M until Day 3. 相似文献11.
Ryu Yanagisawa Seiki Abe Ikuko Fujihara Kazutoshi Komori Yoshiaki Kondo Kazuo Sakashita Tomohiko Nakamura 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(5):744-747
Background
Although several types of transfusion-related adverse reactions (TRARs) have been reported, one of the most important involves respiratory features during and after blood transfusion. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) are the most severe adverse events following blood transfusion, whereas transfusion-associated dyspnea (TAD) is a less severe respiratory distress. However, there exists little evidence of these factors in pediatric populations.Case report
Here, two cases of atypical TRARs with respiratory features, in pediatric patients with solid tumors, appearing after transfusion of platelet concentrate following autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation are reported. Both patients developed mild hypoxemia during PC transfusion, which continued for approximately 2 weeks. Chest radiography in either patient did not reveal any abnormalities that are included in the criteria of either TRALI or TACO. Both patients recovered following oxygen administration.Conclusion
This complication of TRARs with respiratory features may occur more frequently in pediatric populations than realized because it may be under-recognized or under-reported. Accumulation of additional cases, including non-typical cases, is necessary to fully understand the pathology of TRARs, correctly classify these reactions, and improve care of patients receiving blood transfusions. 相似文献12.
Masoud Foroutan Sahar Dalvand Shahram Khademvatan Hamidreza Majidiani Hamidreza Khalkhali Sajjad Masoumifard Gebraeil Shamsaddin 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(4):544-551
Background
The risk of transfusion transmitted leishmaniasis (TTL) from apparently healthy persons or asymptomatic individuals, should not be ignored. Lack of a comprehensive review, encouraged us to design a systematic review with meta-analysis approach to assess the prevalence of Leishmania infection in healthy blood donors.Methods
For this purpose, 6 English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, EMBASE and CINAHL) were browsed from January 1990 to July 2016.Results
Due to significant heterogeneity, the random-effects model was used (I2 = 98.04% and 94.68%, for serological and molecular methods, respectively). A total of 496 papers were found through searching in which 17,816 apparently healthy blood donors were examined for Leishmania infection. The weighted overall prevalence of Leishmania infection in this group was estimated 4% (95% CI = 2–7) and 8.7% (95% CI = 4.2–14.3) using serological and molecular methods, respectively.Conclusions
High serological prevalence does not justify widespread donor screening. Leukodepletion filters would substantially decrease the risk of TTL, hence they are potentially proposed in endemic areas specifically for high-risk recipients. To better enlighten the epidemiological aspects of Leishmania infection in blood donors, it is suggested to perform high-level stewardship and more precise studies with regard to involved risk factors. 相似文献13.
Shabnam Asfaram Mahdi Fakhar Masoud Soosaraei Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi Ahmad Mardani Elham Sadat Banimostafavi Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(5):748-754
Introduction
Transmission of Leishmania through transfusion has been reported from various Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas of the world. The true burden of Leishmania infection in blood donors remains generally unknown. Thus, the present systematic review attempted to determine the global prevalence of Leishmania infection among blood donors.Methods
Data were extracted through five English and five Persian databases during the period from 1997 to 2016. Overall, 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction in this systematic review.Results
In total, 13,743 blood donors from different regions of world were examined. The prevalence rate of Leishmania infection according to seropositivity obtained 7% (95%CI: 5%, 8%). The lowest and the highest prevalence were related to Bangladesh 0.25% (95%CI: 0.0%, 1.0%) and Brazil, 16% (95%CI: 12%, 19%). Seroprevalence rate of leishmaniasis among females was more (4.60%) than males. Of 15 studies included in the meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence rate of molecular tests was obtained 2% (95%CI: 1%, 3%) in which Iran and Spain had the lowest and the highest prevalence, 0.05% and 7%, respectively. Our analysis showed that L. infantum was more common than L. donovani as etiological agent of VL among all donors.Conclusion
Our data confirms the presence of asymptomatic carriers of VL in endemic areas and supplies as an attentive to the likelihood of these carriers acting as blood donors. Moreover, we conclude that molecular tests for screening in asymptomatic blood donor provide an accurate estimate of the rate of infection over serological tests. 相似文献14.
Background
Proper stem cell mobilization is one of the most important steps in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The aim of this paper is to share our 6 years’ experience and provide practical clinical approaches particularly for stem cell mobilization and collection within the series of more than 200 successive allogeneic HSCT at our transplant center.Subjects & Methods
Two hundred and seven consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were included in this study. Age, sex, weight, complete blood counts, CD34+ cell counts, total collected amount of CD34+ cells, CD34+ cells per 10 l processed, mobilization failure and adverse events were reviewed.Results
Median age was 40.2 ± 12.9 (21–68) years and 46.4 ± 13.4 (17–67) years for donors and patients, respectively. The number of donors who had undergone adequate CD34+ cell harvesting and completed the procedure on the fourth day was 67 (32.8% of all patients). Only 12 patients required cell apheresis both on day 5 and 6. Apheresis was completed on day 4 and/or day 5 in 94.2% of all our donors. There was no significant association between CD34+ stem cell volume and age, gender and weight values of donors. Mobilization failure was not seen in our series.Conclusions
G-CSF is highly effective in 1/3 of the donors on the 4th day in order to collect enough number of stem cells. We propose that peripheral stem cell collection might start on day 4th of G-CSF treatment for avoiding G-CSF related side effects and complications. 相似文献15.
Egarit Noulsri Surada Lerdwana Kulvara Kittisares Attakorn Palasuwan Duangdao Palasuwan 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(4):585-590
Background
Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are currently of great interest to screening transfusion donors and blood components. However, the current approach to counting MPs is not affordable for routine laboratory use due to its high cost.Aim
The current study aimed to investigate the potential use of flow-rate calibration for counting MPs in whole blood, packed red blood cells (PRBCs), and platelet concentrates (PCs).Methods
The accuracy of flow-rate calibration was investigated by comparing the platelet counts of an automated counter and a flow-rate calibrator. The concentration of MPs and their origins in whole blood (n = 100), PRBCs (n = 100), and PCs (n = 92) were determined using a FACSCalibur. The MPs’ fold-changes were calculated to assess the homogeneity of the blood components.Results
Comparing the platelet counts conducted by automated counting and flow-rate calibration showed an r2 of 0.6 (y = 0.69x + 97,620). The CVs of the within-run and between-run variations of flow-rate calibration were 8.2% and 12.1%, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot showed a mean bias of ?31,142 platelets/μl. MP enumeration revealed both the difference in MP levels and their origins in whole blood, PRBCs, and PCs. Screening the blood components demonstrated high heterogeneity of the MP levels in PCs when compared to whole blood and PRBCs.Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest the accuracy and precision of flow-rate calibration for enumerating MPs. This flow-rate approach is affordable for assessing the homogeneity of MPs in blood components in routine laboratory practice. 相似文献16.
Hyun-Ji Lee Kyung-Hwa Shin Duyeal Song Sun-Min Lee Chulhun L. Chang Chong Woo Chu Je Ho Ryu Tae Bum Lee Yong-Mok Park Kwang Ho Yang Byung Hyun Choi Hyung-Hoi Kim 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):385-388
Introduction
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used for temporary support of liver function in patients presenting with early graft dysfunction after liver transplantation (LT) or liver surgery. We analyzed the effect of therapeutic apheresis on patients with liver disease.Methods
Between January 2011 and August 2016, 93 apheresis procedures were performed for 26 patients at our institution. Anti-ABO isoagglutination immunoglobulin (Ig) M titer was checked using a type A and type B 3% red blood cell (RBC) suspension in saline with two-fold serial dilutions of patient serum. Anti-ABO isoagglutination IgG titer was checked by a type A and B 0.8% RBC suspension using a low-ionic strength/Coombs card.Results
ABO-incompatible (ABOi) LT was the most common (n = 10, 38.5%) indication for apheresis; early graft dysfunction after LT (n = 8, 30.7%) was the second most common. Median initial IgM and IgG anti-ABO titers for ABOi LT recipients were 1:16 (range, 1:8–1:128) and 1:48 (range, 1:8–1:2048). We performed preoperative TPE in 10 recipients (median number of sessions, 1.5; range, 1–11). Among patients with early graft dysfunction, those who underwent living donor LT had better survival (4/4; 100%) than those who underwent nonliving donor LT (0/3; 0%). Patients who underwent living donor LT first and then additional LT also survived after three TPE sessions.Conclusion
Therapeutic apheresis is associated with a good survival rate and is essential for liver support in patients with early graft dysfunction after LT or posthepatectomy liver failure and during preparation for ABOi LT. 相似文献17.
Ryan Jajosky Mark Floyd Thomas Thompson James Shikle 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(4):591-594
Background
The PLASMIC score was recently described as a convenient tool for predicting ADAMTS13 activity ≤10% in patients with possible thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), while awaiting the results of this send-out test. The purpose of this study was to validate the PLASMIC score at our University Medical Center.Methods
Apheresis records were reviewed from 2008 to 2017 to identify patients who received plasma exchange (PLEX) for suspected TTP. The ADAMTS13 activity and PLASMIC scoring criteria were recorded, and the PLASMIC score was calculated.Results
Of the 41 patients identified, 20 met inclusion criteria, of which 7 patients had ADAMTS13 activity ≤10%. Intermediate and high PLASMIC scores had 100% sensitivity, 46.2% specificity, 50% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% negative predictive value (NPV).Conclusion
These results are consistent with the original validation study of the PLASMIC score, supporting the efficacy of the PLASMIC score and validating its use at our institution. 相似文献18.
Arezoo Darbandi Pargol Mashati Amir Yami Arshia Gharehbaghian Mehdi Tabrizi Namini Ahmad Gharehbaghian 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):448-453
Background
Blood products are used for patient treatment and survival in the cases of major surgery, hematological disorders or cancer therapy. Presently the main blood components are not yet replaceable by artificial products and all activities related to blood transfusion is highly dependent on the healthcare development of each country. The World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMR) comprises of 21 member states with variable socio-economic status effective on blood transfusion activities. The fundamental motivation behind this research was to accumulate some data of blood practices in this region and to have an appropriate image of the WHO-EMR region.Material and methods
The data were collected through the published papers or data, blood transfusion services websites, and the other health official websites like WHO.Results
Among WHO-EMR countries there are some with a nationally organized blood transfusion establishment such as Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, and Syria. In a few, blood transfusion administrations are hospital-based like Saudi Arabia. The others are run by Red Crescent such as Bahrain, Tunisia and UEA or by Red Cross like Lebanon. Only Iran and UAE succeed to have 100% voluntary non-remunerated blood donors; however, most of them are still under the weight of family/replacement blood donation such as Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Sudan or even paid donors like Pakistan and Yemen. The haemovigilance and training programs have been implemented in some countries including Bahrain, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia and UAE. Unfortunately, there are rare and inaccessible information about some EMR states like Djibouti, Palestine and Somalia so that little data can be independently discovered.Conclusion
In these countries different measures ought to be additionally designated to ensure blood products adequacy and safety such as the development of well-coordinated national blood transfusion centers with the increased government commitment, the establishment of a well-organized system for voluntary non-remunerated blood donor recruitment, the establishment of well-equipped laboratories for screening donor samples for transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) for at least mandatory tests recommended by WHO, the implementation of an educational/training program for professionals working in the blood transfusion establishments or hospitals, the regular audit on the quality and the integrity of the blood transfusion chain, and the development of a regional network of collaboration to bolster the neighboring nations in the EMR through effective communication tools. 相似文献19.
Rasika Dhawan Setia Satyam Arora Anil Handoo Tina Dadu Dharma Choudhary Sajeev Kumar Sharma Gaurav Kharya Vipin Khandelwal Prerna Sachdeva Divya Doval Anamika Bakliwal Meenu Kapoor Shalu Bajaj Virendra Bachchas Praveen Singh 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(3):439-444