全髋置换术中髋臼内陷的处理

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术中髋臼内陷的处理方法及早期疗效。方法 2006年7月至2012年12月,收治继发性髋臼内陷症21例28髋,男12例17髋,女9例11髋;年龄26~68岁,平均56.3岁;原发疾病:类风湿关节炎9例14髋,强直性脊柱炎6例8髋,感染4例4髋(结核和化脓性关节炎各2例2髋),髋臼骨折畸形愈合2例2髋;轻度髋臼内陷6髋、中度髋臼内陷12髋、重度髋臼内陷10髋。患者均行人工全髋关节置换,术中单纯植入生物型臼杯6髋,打压植骨后直接植入生物型臼杯18髋,直接植入骨水泥杯2髋,打压植骨后骨水泥杯固定2髋。结果术后21例28髋切口均一期愈合,无感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12~78个月,平均42个月。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(87±4.1)分,术前Harris髋关节评分平均(45±3.3)分,较术前有显著差异,优22髋,良6髋,优良率100%。臼杯平均外翻角(42±3.5)°。植骨均骨性融合,无臼杯再次内陷及松动。髋关节活动度增加:屈曲增加(64.3±4.5)°,外展增加(20.5±3.5)°,内旋增加(16.5±2.5)°,外旋增加(19±2.5)°。末次随访时X线片显示所有假体均获得骨性稳定。术前股骨头内陷3~30 mm,平均13 mm;术后股骨头内陷0~5 mm,平均2 mm。人工股骨头旋转中心外移3~28 mm,平均10.5 mm。假体位置良好,无松动、下沉,植骨与髋臼融合,无髋臼再次内陷。结论人工全髋关节置换治疗髋臼内陷时,恢复患髋股骨偏心距及髋臼旋转中心,可获满意早期疗效。     

Acetabular Cup Revision With the Use of the Medial Protrusio Technique at an Average Follow-up of 6.6 Years

A significant rim defect encountered during revision surgery can make stable cementless cup fixation difficult. One approach to this problem is to medialize the acetabular cup to improve the degree of rim contact. In this study, we investigate this technique, termed the medial protrusio technique, for acetabular fixation in revision hip arthroplasty. A retrospective review of 25 patients (25 hips) who underwent medialization was performed. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed. At an average follow-up of 6.6 years, the overall patient function and satisfaction were good to excellent, with a mean Harris hip score of 85.2. This demonstrates that the medial protrusio technique can be a valuable option in addressing acetabular cup failure.     

Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Spongy Metal Surface Acetabular Component for Hip Dysplasia

We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of primary total hip arthroplasty for 81 dysplastic hips (71 patients) using cementless Spongiosa Metal II cups (ESKA Implants, Lübeck, Germany). The mean follow-up period was 6.4 years (minimum 5 years), and the preoperative mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score had improved from 45.2 to 87.4 points at the latest follow-up. The radiographic outcome was no aseptic loosening in all 81 hips. The hip center was located significantly more superior than in the contralateral normal hip in 45 patients, but the difference was less than 10 mm; however, there was no significant difference in the lateral position of the hip center. The use of a Spongiosa Metal II cup for dysplastic hips provided satisfactory 5- to 10-year clinical and radiographic results.     

Standard Versus Custom-Made Acetabular Implants in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundToday, various options are used for the reconstruction of acetabular bone loss in revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA). The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of using standard acetabular implants (SAIs) and custom-made acetabular implants (CMAIs) in RTHA in cases with extensive acetabular bone loss.MethodsThis was a comparative analysis of the results of 106 operations of RTHA performed during the period from January 2013 to December 2019. In 61 cases (57.5%), CMAIs were used. In 45 cases (42.5%), SAIs were implanted.ResultsThe incidence of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component after RTHA in uncontained loss of bone stock of the acetabulum (type III-IV as per the Gross and Saleh classification) using the CMAI was less than that using the SAI (2.4% and 10.0%, respectively). The most significant differences in aseptic loosening rates were noted after implantation of the CMAI and SAI in pelvic discontinuity with uncontained bone defect (0% and 60.0%, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionThe ideal indications for the use of the CMAI are uncontained defects and pelvic discontinuity with uncontained loss of bone stock (types III-V Gross and Saleh classification). Treatment of these defects with the SAI leads to a higher incidence of aseptic loosening requiring re-revisions. Further observation is required to assess the effectiveness of using the CMAI and SAI in the long-term follow-up period.     

Midterm Survivorship After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty With a Custom Triflange Acetabular Component

Background

Custom triflange acetabular components are being increasingly used for the reconstruction of Paprosky type IIIB acetabular defects. However, midterm survivorship data are lacking.

Lawsuits After Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasties: A Malpractice Claims Analysis

Background

As the prevalence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) expands, so too will complications and patient dissatisfaction. The goal of this study was to identify the common etiologies of malpractice suits and costs of claims after primary and revision THAs.

Uncemented Porous Tantalum Acetabular Components: Early Follow-Up and Failures in 613 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties

Uncemented tantalum acetabular components were introduced in 1997. The purpose was to determine the 2- to 10-year results with this implant material in primary total hip arthroplasty. Our registry identified all primary total hip cases with porous tantalum cups implanted from 1997 to 2004. Clinical outcomes and radiographs were studied. 613 cases were identified. Seventeen percent of patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-five reoperations were performed (4.4%). Acetabular cup removal occurred in 6 cases (1.2%). No cups were revised for aseptic loosening. Incomplete radiolucent lines were found on 9.3% of initial postoperative radiographs. At 2 years, 67% had resolved. Zero new radiolucent lines were detected. Two- to 10-year results of porous tantalum acetabular components for primary total hip arthroplasty demonstrate high rates of initial stability and apparent ingrowth.     

Highly Porous Titanium Acetabular Components in Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

BackgroundA number of papers have been published reporting on the clinical performance of highly porous coated titanium acetabular cups in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, no systematic review of the literature has been published to date.MethodsThe US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications utilizing the following keywords: “tritanium” OR “highly-porous” AND “titanium” OR “acetabular” AND “trabecular” AND “titanium”.ResultsOverall, 16 studies were included in this review (11,366 cases; 60% females, 2-7 years mean follow-up). The overall survival rate of highly porous titanium acetabular components in primary cases was 99.3% (10,811 of 10,886 cases), whereas the rate of aseptic loosening was 0.1%. The overall survival rate of the highly porous titanium acetabular components in revision THA cases was 93.5% (449 of 480 cases), whereas the rate of aseptic loosening was 2.1%.ConclusionThere was moderate quality evidence to show that the use of highly porous titanium acetabular components in primary and revision THA cases is associated with satisfactory clinical outcomes in the short- and medium-term, without showing any evidence of cup migration or radiolucency. Taking into consideration that there is no evidence yet regarding the long-term survivorship of these components, we feel that further research of higher quality is required to generate more evidence-based conclusions regarding the longevity of highly porous titanium acetabular implants compared with conventional titanium counterparts.     

Acetabular Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision: A Summary of Operative Factors,Outcomes, and Comparison of Approaches

BackgroundRevision total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents a greater risk to patients than primary THA, and surgical approach may impact outcomes. This study aimed to summarize acetabular revisions at our institution and to compare outcomes between direct anterior and posterior revision THA.MethodsA series of 379 acetabular revision THAs performed from January 2010 through August 2022 was retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors were summarized for all revisions and compared between direct anterior and posterior revision THA.ResultsThe average time to acetabular revision THA was 10 years (range, 0.04 to 44.1), with mechanical failure (36.7%) and metallosis (25.6%) being the most prevalent reasons for revision. No differences in age, body mass index, or sex were noted between groups. Anterior revision patients had a significantly shorter length of stay (2.2 versus 3.2 days, P = .003) and rate of discharge to a skilled nursing facility (7.5 versus 25.2%, P = .008). In the 90-day postoperative period, 9.2% of patients returned to the emergency department (n = 35) and twelve patients (3.2%) experienced a dislocation. There were 13.2% (n = 50) of patients having a rerevision during the follow-up period with a significant difference between anterior and posterior approaches (3.8 versus 14.7%, respectively, P = .049).ConclusionThis study provides some evidence that the anterior approach may be protective against skilled nursing facility discharge and rerevision and contributes to decreased lengths of stay. We recommend surgeons select the surgical approach for revision THA based on clinical preferences and patient factors.     

Characterizing Femoral and Acetabular Bone Loss in Two-Stage Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for Infection

BackgroundThe process of infection and multiple procedure-related factors in 2-stage exchange arthroplasty may lead to severe bone loss that can complicate subsequent reimplantation. The primary purpose of this study is to quantitatively characterize the extent of bone loss on the femoral and acetabular side prior to reimplantation during 2-stage revision hip arthroplasty for infection.MethodsThis retrospective case series includes 47 patients with planned 2-stage exchange arthroplasty for treatment of infected total hip replacement. Demographic, clinical, and surgical information, and complications during the 2-stage process were collected on all patients. The radiographs of all patients were reviewed prior to first-stage explantation and post-reimplantation or latest follow-up to characterize bone loss using the Paprosky classification systems.ResultsOf the 47 patients with planned 2-stage exchange, 10 patients (21%) were not reimplanted. Following explant and spacer placement, 32 patients (68%) experienced progressive femoral bone loss, and 20 (43%) experienced progressive acetabular bone loss. Patients who experienced progression of both femoral and acetabular bone (14, 30%) had a longer time between resection and reimplantation (164 ± 128 vs 88 ± 26 days, P = .03). A reimplantation time of greater than 90 days was associated with an increased risk of combined bone loss progression (15% vs 53%, P = .01). For patients who underwent reimplantation (79%), increased bone loss led to high rates of diaphyseal femoral fixation (97%) and revision acetabular components (38%).ConclusionIncreased time to reimplantation in 2-stage exchange arthroplasty for prosthetic hip infections is associated with a high rate of acetabular and femoral bone loss, and increased complexity of reimplantation.     

Seasonality of Periprosthetic Femur Fractures in 12,700 Primary and Revision Total Hip Arthroplasties

Background

Periprosthetic femur fractures after primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) are one of the most common long-term reasons for reoperation after THA. Previous investigations have analyzed the incidence and risk factors of these fractures. No previous study, however, has analyzed a variation in periprosthetic femur fractures between meteorologic seasons. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of periprosthetic femur fractures after primary and revision THAs depending on the meteorologic season.

Midterm Outcomes After Reconstruction of Superolateral Acetabular Defects Using Flying Buttress Porous Tantalum Augments During Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundPorous tantalum augments are versatile tools in reconstructing complex acetabular defects during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study examines the clinical and radiographic outcomes of porous tantalum augments placed in the type I (flying buttress) configuration at two to 17-year follow-up in the largest cohort to-date in the literature.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 59 consecutive revision THAs involving the use of flying buttress augments between 2003 and 2018. The mean patient age and follow-up duration were 63.9 ± 11.6 years (range, 35-87) and 8 years (range, 2-17), respectively. The Oxford hip score was used to assess clinical outcome. The modified Moore classification was used to assess acetabular augment and shell osseointegration. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess implant survivorship.ResultsThe mean Oxford hip score improved from 15.9 ± 6.2 preoperatively to 35.0 ± 6.5 at a mean follow-up of eight years (P < .0001). Radiographic assessment using the modified Moore classification demonstrated five signs of osseointegration in 49 hips (83.1%), four signs in six hips (10.2%), three signs in one hip (1.7%), and one sign in one hip (1.7%). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated ten-year survivorship of 88.9% (95% CI 74.4-95.4) with all-cause revision as end point and 94.3% (95% CI 83.1-98.2) with revision for acetabular aseptic loosening as end point.ConclusionTreatment of superolateral acetabular defects during revision THA using porous tantalum augments placed in the type I (flying buttress) configuration provides excellent implant survivorship and favorable clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up.Level of EvidenceTherapeutic Level IV.     

人工全髋关节置换术中非感染性髋臼骨缺损的治疗策略

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术在治疗非感染性髋臼骨缺损中的应用。方法 2000年1月至2010年1月间40例非感染性髋臼骨缺损初次行全髋关节置换患者,其中CroweⅢ、Ⅳ型先天性髋关节脱位18例,髋关节感染后融合14例,陈旧性髋臼骨折8例。内移髋关节旋转中心17例,结构性植骨13例,颗粒松质骨打压植骨10例;有14例应用钛网,9例重建钢板,7例加强杯固定。术前术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果本组手术全部成功,术后无感染发生。本组40例患者随访8～42个月,平均（10.4±2.1）个月,随访时无假体松动,关节无疼痛,患者对手术结果满意,髋关节功能较术前明显改善,术前平均Harris评分为（58.4±6.1）分,术后为（88.6±3.1）分;术后平均Harris评分较术前提高明显,两者比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对非感染性髋臼节段性和混合性骨缺损进行大块植骨并辅以颗粒骨,并选用牢固的钉板系统固定,将髋臼重建在真臼位置,并尽量采用非骨水泥型臼杯,通过不同的重建方法可以获得良好的髋关节功能。     

A Long-Term Survivorship Comparison Between Cemented and Uncemented Cups With Shelf Grafts in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty After Dysplasia

Long-term outcomes of cemented and uncemented cups were compared in patients with hip dysplasia who had undergone revision hip arthroplasty. Patients had uncontained superolateral acetabular defects reconstructed with a structural allograft. This retrospective study compared 18 cemented acetabular cups to 27 uncemented acetabular cups. Average follow-up was 216 months (range, 96-312). Nineteen acetabular cups (42%) failed due to loosening and were revised. The 10- and 20-year cup survival was 88% and 76% in the uncemented group and 67% and 36% in the cemented group. Log rank analysis showed this difference to be significant (P = .0077). Uncemented acetabular cups performed significantly better than cemented cups.     

Multiple Revision Surgeries and Acetabular Bone Defect Size May Predict Daily Activity After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

We identified preoperative predictors and size of acetabular bone defects for poor return to daily activity after revision total hip arthroplasty.

A Comparison of Revision Rates for Dislocation and Aseptic Causes Between Dual Mobility and Large Femoral Head Bearings in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty With Subanalysis by Acetabular Component Size: An Analysis of 106,163 Primary Total Hip Arthroplasties

BackgroundDual mobility (DM) and large femoral head bearings (≥36 mm) both decrease the risk of dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is limited comparable data in primary THA. This study compared the revision rates for dislocation and aseptic causes between DM and large femoral heads and subanalyzed by acetabular component size.MethodsData from the Australian Orthopedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry were analyzed for patients undergoing primary THA for osteoarthritis from January 2008 (the year of first recorded DM use) to December 2019. All DM and large femoral head bearings were identified. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative percent revision (CPR) for dislocation and for all aseptic causes. The results were adjusted by age, sex, and femoral fixation. A subanalysis was performed stratifying acetabular component diameter <58 m and ≥58 mm.ResultsThere were 4942 DM and 101,221 large femoral head bearings recorded. There was no difference in the CPR for dislocation (HR = 0.69 (95% CI 0.42, 1.13), P = .138) or aseptic causes (HR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.70, 1.18), P = .457). When stratified by acetabular component size, DM reduced the CPR for dislocation in acetabular component diameter <58 mm (HR = 0.55 (95% CI 0.30, 1.00), P = .049). There was no difference for diameter ≥58 mm. There was no difference in aseptic revision when stratified by acetabular component diameter.ConclusionThere is no difference in revision rates for dislocation or aseptic causes between DM and large femoral heads in primary THA. When stratified by acetabular component size, DM reduces dislocation for acetabular component diameter <58 mm.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasties After Solid Organ Transplant

Background

As solid organ transplant (SOT) patients' survival improves, the number undergoing total hip (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasing. Accordingly, the number of revision procedures in this higher-risk group is also increasing. The goals of this study were to identify the most common failure mechanisms, associated complications, clinical outcomes, and patient survivorship of SOT patients after revision THA or TKA.

Dual-Mobility Constructs in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasties

Dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) continues to be one of the most common and concerning complications after the procedure. As with every hip arthroplasty, it is essential to optimize component positioning, minimize impingement, and maintain the integrity of the abductor complex during the revision THAs. However, in several revision circumstances, additional strategies are required to mitigate the risk of dislocation, particularly those being revised for instability or those with cognitive or neuromuscular disorders. In such revision THAs, dual-mobility constructs offer lower rates of dislocations and re-revisions for dislocations in the midterm. However, it is important to note that dual-mobility constructs should not be considered as compensation for poor surgical technique or technical errors such as poor cup orientation or inappropriate restoration of soft-tissue tension. While intraprosthetic dislocations are a unique complication to dual-mobility constructs, they are exceedingly rare. Furthermore, additional follow-up is required with modular dual-mobility constructs utilized with increasing frequency during revision THAs in North America.     

髋关节翻修术中髋臼骨缺损的处理与重建

目的探讨髋关节翻修术中髋臼骨质缺损的处理和重建方法。方法对28例髋关节置换术后髋臼骨缺损的患者进行翻修,观察术后随访X线片上的髋臼假体及周围骨质变化情况,并对髋关节行Harris功能评定。结果 28例均获随访,随访时间12～184个月,平均61.6个月。1例术后出现脱位,2例术后出现骨溶解并伴患髋疼痛。7例术后随访的X线片上出现髋臼的骨溶解,但髋臼假体无松动表现,患髋无疼痛,患髋功能不受影响。至末次随访为止,25例髋（89%）获得良好的稳定性。术前Harris评分平均31.8分（14～57分）,末次随访时平均85.2分（46～99分）。两组数据具有显著性差异。结论充分的术前准备是手术顺利进行并获得良好效果的一个重要前提,植骨的方式和翻修假体的选择还需结合术中对骨缺损的评价。髋臼假体表面被自体骨覆盖超过50%,可考虑行植骨加非骨水泥型髋臼假体置换;自体骨覆盖不足50%,宜行骨水泥型髋臼假体置换。如骨缺损面积较大,可行加强环等翻修。从随访中可见,颗粒骨打压植骨是治疗髋臼骨缺损可靠的方法。