全膝关节置换后静脉与局部应用氨甲环酸对失血量的影响

背景：目前关于全膝关节置换过程中使用氨甲环酸减少出血的报道越来越多,但对于使用方式的选择仍存在争议。 目的：通过术中关节腔周围组织局部注射和静脉注射两种不同的给药途径,探讨氨甲环酸对初次单侧全膝关节置换后失血量的影响。 方法：根据随机对照原则设计,选取滕州市中心人民医院2013年10月至2014年12月收治拟行单侧全膝关节置换的患者90例,随机分为静脉组和局部组(n=45)。静脉组患者在全身麻醉诱导期接受静脉输注氨甲环酸(10 mg/kg 最大剂量1.2 g);局部组于假体安装结束后,缝合关节囊前,在关节周围软组织注射氨甲环酸(2 g溶于50 mL生理盐水)。比较两组患者置换后引流量、置换后次日血红蛋白及红细胞压积、输血例数,同时观察是否有肺栓塞及下肢深静脉栓塞的临床症状出现,必要时行下肢血管多普勒超声检查。 结果与结论：置换后引流量、置换后次日血红蛋白值及红细胞压积、输血人数及输血比率比较,两组差异无显著性意义(P > 0. 05)。两组患者置换后14 d 均未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成。提示与静脉全身应用相比,全膝关节置换过程中关节周围局部应用氨甲环酸同样能达到有效减少置换后失血和输血的效果,并可避免静脉应用氨甲环酸可能带来的相关并发症。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

氨甲环酸关节腔给药联合静脉给药可有效减少全膝关节置换后出血

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that tranexamic acid can effectively reduce postoperative blood loss in patients with total knee arthroplasty. There are many means to inject tranexamic acid (intra-articular injection, intravenous injection and their combination). Which is the best way has no conclusion.     

静脉输注氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响

背景：人工全膝关节置换过程中,止血带的使用、手术创伤等因素会导致纤溶系统的异常激活,是术后失血的主要原因。氨甲环酸是一类抗纤溶药物,在人工全膝关节置换中使用,可减少置换后显性失血、总失血量,并降低异体血输血率。然而,氨甲环酸对人工全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响尚未明确。 目的：观察静脉输注氨甲环酸对初次全膝关节置换后隐性失血的影响。 方法：回顾性分析2013年6至12月北京大学第三医院行初次单侧全膝关节置换54例患者的临床资料,按照是否使用氨甲环酸分为两组。氨甲环酸组22例在术中经静脉给予总量2 g的氨甲环酸,对照组32例使用等量生理盐水。两组患者置换后均口服利伐沙班抗凝。记录患者置换前及置换后连续5 d的血红蛋白、血红细胞压积,采用Gross方程计算总失血量和隐性失血量,比较两组间失血量的差异性。置换后1周行下肢静脉超声检查,判断有无下肢深静脉血栓形成。 结果与结论：两组患者一般资料、围术期情况等比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。氨甲环酸组患者置换后引流量、显性失血量、总失血量、自体血回输量、异体血输注量均明显少于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。根据Gross方程计算隐性失血量,氨甲环酸组为(302.9±189.9) mL,对照组为(596.8±271.4) mL,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。置换后两组各发生1例下肢肌间静脉血栓。提示静脉输注氨甲环酸能显著减少单侧全膝关节置换后隐性失血量,降低异体血输血量,同时不增加下肢静脉血栓的发生率。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

关节腔内加压灌注氨甲环酸与初次全膝关节置换后失血量的关系

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid is extensively used in the primary total knee replacement, but there are many different methods.     

氨甲环酸减少双侧全膝关节置换失血量的有效性及安全性评价

背景：双膝关节置换后出血量及输血需求较大,因此氨甲环酸等止血药物在全膝关节置换中的应用成为近来的研究热点,大量研究证明氨甲环酸能有效减少该类患者的失血量,但专门针对双侧全膝关节置换患者的研究较少。 目的：观察氨甲环酸对双侧全膝关节置换患者围术期出血量、血红蛋白变化的影响,并探讨其安全性。 方法：选取69例需进行双侧全膝关节置换的患者,随机分为两组,试验组给予氨甲环酸1 g溶于100 mL 5%葡萄糖溶液中静脉滴注,对照组给予5%葡萄糖溶液       100 mL静脉滴注。比较两组患者的总失血量、术中失血量、隐性失血量、置换后引流量、输血率、血红蛋白、D-二聚体、凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血酶时间等指标的动态变化情况,并对比两组患者血栓事件的发生率。 结果与结论：试验组的失血量明显低于对照组(t=2.194-2.908,P < 0.05),输血率也明显低于对照组(χ2=5.219,P=0.022)。比较置换后第3天和第5天的血红蛋白量,试验组明显高于对照组(t=-3.481,2.319,P < 0.05)。置换前、置换后两组患者的凝血酶原时间、活化部分凝血酶时间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。两组患者置换后均未出现血栓栓塞事件,置换后下肢静脉彩超检查未见深静脉血栓形成。上述结果提示氨甲环酸能显著减少双侧全膝关节置换患者的围术期失血量,降低对输血的需求,减少血红蛋白的动态变化,同时不增加血栓形成的风险。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程       

The comparative efficacy and safety of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid for reducing perioperative blood loss in Total knee arthroplasty- A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial

Background

Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) can be associated with significant perioperative blood loss and blood transfusions. This is a prospective randomised non-inferiority trial comparing intraarticular (IA) and intravenous (IV) routes of administering Tranexamic acid (TXA) with regard to efficacy and safety.

氨甲环酸对单侧全膝关节置换失血量的影响及安全性评价

背景：全膝关节置换围手术期出血较多,而输血不仅额外增加费用,延长康复时间,也存在免疫反应和传染疾病的风险。因此,减少全膝关节置换失血量显得十分重要。 目的：评估氨甲环酸在全膝关节置换中止血的有效性和安全性。 方法：将64例因骨关节病拟行单侧全膝关节置换的患者随机分为两组,每组32例。氨甲环酸组于置换前    15 min将氨甲环酸按10 mg/kg稀释于250 mL等渗盐水中静脉滴注;对照组同时间点给予等量生理盐水。对比术中失血量、置换后可见失血量、置换后血红蛋白减少量、输血量、输血人数和置换后纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间等凝血评价指标。观察置换后下肢深静脉栓塞的症状,并在置换后30 d行下肢血管多普勒检查。 结果与结论：两组术中出血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),氨甲环酸组置换后可见失血量低于对照组(P < 0.001),氨甲环酸组的输血量和输血人数同样低于对照组(P < 0.001);置换后血红蛋白值氨甲环酸组明显高于对照组(P < 0.001)。置换后3 h两组的凝血指标差异无显著性意义;但两组D-二聚体均明显高于置换前,氨甲环酸组低于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.001)。两组患者置换后均未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成。提示氨甲环酸能够有效减少全膝关节置换后的失血量、降低输血率和输血量,且不增加置换后深静脉血栓形成的风险。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

膝关节单髁置换静脉与局部联合应用氨甲环酸止血的效果及安全性

文题释义：单髁置换：与全膝关节置换相比,手术切口小,截骨量少,软组织剥离面积小,但单髁置换围术期出血量的控制仍然需要引起足够重视。手术创伤及术中止血带的使用等因素导致的纤溶系统异常激活造成患者大量失血的问题,一直困扰着骨科医师。氨甲环酸：为一种合成赖氨酸衍生物,通过竞争性抑制赖氨酸结合位点对纤溶酶原的作用,减少纤维蛋白的局部降解,从而产生对手术切口的止血作用,在全髋关节置换及全膝关节置换术中已得到广泛应用。 背景：越来越多的患者行膝关节单髁置换治疗,既往氨甲环酸在单髁置换过程中为关节腔内注射,关于单髁置换围术期氨甲环酸静脉滴注联合局部应用的研究并未见报道。 目的：探讨静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸在膝关节单髁置换过程中的止血效果及安全性。 方法：回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年12月中山市人民医院骨一科收治的行初次单侧单髁置换的48例膝关节骨关节炎患者的病历资料。根据围术期是否使用氨甲环酸分为2组,试验组30例手术切皮前静脉点滴1.0 g氨甲环酸及术中关闭切口前0.5 g氨甲环酸与鸡尾酒混合局部注射,对照组18例术前未使用氨甲环酸及术中关闭切口前不配有氨甲环酸等量鸡尾酒注射。对比分析2组患者显性、隐性及总失血量、术后第2天血红蛋白及红细胞压积丢失量、输血例数、术后及总住院时间、术后30 d内任何并发症发生情况。结果与结论：①试验组的显性、隐性及总失血量、术后第2天血红蛋白及红细胞压积丢失量均显著少于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②2组在输血例数、术后及总住院时间与术后30 d内并发症方面差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③结果证实,静脉联合局部应用氨甲环酸在膝关节单髁置换术中有明显的止血效果及安全性。 ORCID: 0000-0002-6407-8806(邓增发) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

氨甲环酸用于全膝关节置换降低失血量的有效性及安全性

背景：氨甲环酸是一种人工合成的抗纤维蛋白溶解的药物,可以经静脉有效的控制全膝关节置换后失血。 目的：观察氨甲环酸对初次行单侧全膝关节置换患者置换后失血的有效性及安全性。 方法：选取2014至2015年在四川省骨科医院下肢科行单侧全膝关节置换的100例患者。以使用氨甲环酸与否分为试验组和对照组,各50例。试验组患者在全膝关节置换前10 min静脉注射氨甲环酸1 g,而对照组不给予氨甲环酸。 结果与结论：试验组患者置换后围手术期总失血量、置换后24 h引流量、输血量明显少于对照组(P < 0.05);试验组与对照组术中出血量、输血人数差异无显著性意义。两组患者患者置换前血红蛋白水平差异无显著性意义,而置换后血红蛋白水平均下降,且试验组患者置换后血红蛋白水平均明显高于对照组。置换后24 h,两组患者凝血功能差异无显著性意义。置换后6 d,2组患者双下肢静脉彩色多普勒超声检查均未见深静脉血栓。提示初次单侧全膝关节置换前静脉给予氨甲环酸能明显减少围手术期失血量及输血量,降低输血风险及输血费用,利于术后功能恢复,且不增加下肢深静脉血栓的风险。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

全膝关节置换中应用氨甲环酸有效性及安全性的Meta分析

背景：目前关于全膝关节置换术中使用氨甲环酸可以减少出血的临床报道较多,但争议较大,膝关节置换术中使用氨甲环酸是否一定可以减少置换后出血并增加围手术期的血栓形成风险,目前尚缺乏系统的评价。 目的：以Meta分析的方法评价全膝关节置换术中使用氨甲环酸的安全性和有效性。 方法：在国内外数据库中检索关于关于氨甲环酸减少全膝关节置换术出血量的临床随机对照试验,并查阅所有检出文献和相关综述的参考文献作为补充资料。根据纳入、排除标准筛选文献和质量评价,随后采用RevMan 5.1软件进行统计分析,氨甲环酸组与安慰剂对照组失血量采用均数差(MD)评价,输血率、深静脉血栓发生率采用危险度(RR)评价。 结果与结论：共纳入随机对照试验17篇。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,氨甲环酸能够降低全膝关节置换患者总失血量[MD=-314.96,95%CI(-448.76,-181.16)]、术后失血量[MD=-417.72,95%CI (-508.87,-326.56)],降低输血率[RR=0.43,95%CI(0.37,0.51)],而两组深静脉血栓[RR=0.98,95%CI(0.38,2.52)]、肺栓塞症发生率差异无显著性意义。提示氨甲环酸能够降低全膝关节置换失血量及输血率,不增加深静脉血栓肺栓塞症和感染的发生风险。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程全文链接：     

氨甲环酸静脉或局部及联合应用初次单侧全髋关节置换：围置换期出血及输血率的比较

BACKGROUND: The tranexamic acid has been widely used in hip arthroplasty. Studies have confirmed that the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid when it is used in topical or intravenous application, but the effects are not clear when it is used in both topical and intravenous application. OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative blood loss and transfusion rate in primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty with topical, intravenous and both injection of tranexamic acid.  METHODS: 136 patients undergoing primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty in the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University between July 2014 and June 2015 were divided into three groups. Topical group: a total of 1 g tranexamic acid was given in the articular cavity of 44 cases. Intravenous group: 1 g tranexamic acid was immersed in 250 mL physiological saline, and given 10 minutes before operation in 44 cases. Combined group: 1 g tranexamic acid was intravenously given before operation, and then given in the articular cavity in 48 cases. Total blood loss, transfusion rate, the maximum hemoglobin decrease, the maximum hematocrit decrease, and incidence of deep vein thrombosis were compared among the three groups.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total blood loss, the maximum hemoglobin decrease and the maximum hematocrit decrease were significantly lower in the combined group than in the topical group and intravenous group (P < 0.01). No significant difference in total blood loss, the maximum hemoglobin decrease and the maximum hematocrit decrease was detected between the topical group and intravenous group (P > 0.05). Doppler ultrasound examination of lower limb blood vessel at 5 days and 1 month after surgery in 136 patients did not demonstrate deep vein thrombosis. None of them suffered from pulmonary embolism. These findings confirm that intravenous and topical application of tranexamic acid could obviously reduce blood loss in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Curative effect and safety were superior to intravenous or topical application alone. No significant difference in transfusion rate was detected among the three methods.      

Comparison of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled and prospective cohort trials

BackgroundThere has been much debate and controversy about the optimal regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of topical and intravenous regimen of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty.MethodsA systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase was undertaken. All randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of topical and intravenous tranexamic acid during primary total knee arthroplasty were included. The focus of the analysis was on the outcomes of blood loss, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications. Subgroup analysis was performed when possible.ResultsOf 328 papers identified, six trials were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis comprising 679 patients (739 knees). We found no statistically significant difference between topical and intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in terms of blood loss, transfusion requirements and thromboembolic complications.ConclusionsTopical tranexamic acid has a similar efficacy to intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing both blood loss and transfusion rate without sacrificing safety in primary total knee arthroplasty.Level of EvidenceII     

口服与静脉注射氨甲环酸治疗全膝及全髋关节置换后出血的Meta分析

文题释义：氨甲环酸：是一种抑制纤溶酶原激活的抗纤溶药物,它可以可逆性的阻断纤溶酶和纤溶酶原上赖氨酸结合点从而发挥抗纤维蛋白溶解作用,与赖氨酸结合点从而发挥抗纤维蛋白溶解作用。 Meta分析：是循证医学重要的研究方法和最佳证据来源之一,是临床科研工作者必备的研究方法和技术。应用统计学概念及方法收集整理与分析针对于某个概念,找出相关变量的关系进行比较计算,弥补一般文献综述的研究不足。 背景：接受全膝关节或全髋关节置换的患者可用氨甲环酸减少出血量,氨甲环酸有多种给药方式,目前对于氨甲环酸的最佳使用途径仍然存在较大争议。 目的：对比评价口服与静脉注射氨甲环酸治疗全膝关节及全髋关节置换后出血的疗效及安全性。 方法：全面检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science等数据库,检索时限为各数据库建库时间至2019年5月,收集以口服及静脉应用氨甲环酸减少全膝或全髋关节置换术后出血的临床随机对照试验,提取资料并进行方法学质量评估。采用Revman 5.3对纳入结果进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：①9篇文献纳入研究,共1 080例患者;②Meta分析结果显示,口服与静脉注射氨甲环酸术后总失血量差异无显著性意义[MD=1.43,95%CI(-40.02-42.88),P=0.95],术后血红蛋白减少量差异无显著性意义[MD=-0.03,95%CI(-0.11-0.05),P=0.45];③口服与静脉注射氨甲环酸术后输血率差异无显著性意义[RR=0.91,95%CI(0.55-1.49),P=0.70],术后深静脉血栓发生率差异无显著性意义[RR=0.43,95%CI(0.11-1.64),P =0.22],术后住院时间差异无显著性意义[MD=0.00,95%CI(-0.03-0.03),P=0.93];④结果表明,口服与静脉注射氨甲环酸有着类似的功效和临床价值。但是由于纳入文献量较少且质量有限,尚需方法科学的大样本、多中心、高质量临床随机对照试验来进行进一步验证。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3987-4904(林杰彬) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

Understanding rates,risk factors,and complications associated with manipulation under anesthesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA): An analysis of 100,613 TKAs

BackgroundConsidering the growing adoption of technology-assisted total knee arthroplasties (TKA), previous database studies evaluating post-operative stiffness may be outdated. The present study aimed to: (1) evaluate the incidence of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) after primary TKA; (2) determine independent risk factors for MUA; and (3) assess complications after MUA.MethodsPrimary TKAs, with at least 6-month follow-up, were identified from the Florida State Inpatient Database (January 2016–June 2018) and linked to outpatient records from the Florida State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to compare patient factors and complications (e.g., mechanical, non-mechanical, infectious) associated with MUA, while adjusting for baseline demographics, comorbidities, use of robotic- and computer-technologies, time to MUA (0–3, 3–12, or >12 months), and need for repeat MUA (one-time vs >1).ResultsThe MUA rate was 2.8% (2821 of 100,613). Being younger, a woman, Black or Hispanic; having private or self-pay insurance; and conventional TKA were associated with significantly higher odds of undergoing MUA. Higher rates of mechanical complications and acute posthemorrhagic anemia were observed in the MUA cohort. Time to MUA, repeat MUA, and baseline demographics were not associated with complication rates among the MUA cohort.ConclusionOverall, 1 in 36 patients underwent MUA after primary TKA. Several non-modifiable patient characteristics, such as Black or Hispanic race, female sex, and younger age were associated with an increased risk of MUA. However, technology-assisted TKA might help to decrease the risk of MUA.     

Two-year fixation and ten-year clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty inserted with normal-curing bone cement and slow-curing bone cement: A randomized controlled trial in 54 patients

BackgroundThe normal-curing Refobacin® Bone Cement R (RR) and slow-curing Refobacin® Plus Bone Cement (RP) were introduced after discontinuation of the historically most used bone cement, Refobacin®-Palacos® R, in 2005. The aim of this study was to compare total knee arthroplasty component fixation with the two bone cements.Methods54 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were randomized to either RR (N = 27) or RP (N = 27) bone cement and followed for two years with radiostereometric analysis of tibial and femoral component migration and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measured periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD). Further, patients were followed up at ten years with clinical outcome scores (OKS and KOOS).ResultsAt two-years follow-up, tibial total translation was 0.31 mm (95% CI: 0.19 – 0.42) for the RP group and 0.56 mm (95% CI: 0.45 – 0.67) (p < 0.01) for the RR group. There was continuous tibial component migration from one to two years follow-up (MTPM > 0.2 mm) in 13/27 patients from the RR and in 12/26 patients from the RP group. There was no difference between groups in BMD baseline values or changes during follow-up, as well as no correlation between change in BMD and tibial component migration. At ten-years follow-up, the improvement in the clinical outcome scores was similar between groups. There were no prosthesis related complications during the 10-year follow-up.ConclusionAt two years, tibial total translation was lower in the RP compared with the RR cement group, but BMD changes were similar. At ten years, no components were revised and clinical outcome scores were similar between groups.     

The effect of surgical approach in total knee replacement on outcomes. An analysis of 875,166 elective operations from the National Joint Registry for England,Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man

BackgroundTotal knee replacement (TKR) is clinically and cost-effective. The surgical approach employed influences the outcome, however there is little generalisable and robust evidence to guide practice. We compared outcomes between the common primary TKR surgical approaches.Methods875,166 primary TKRs captured in the National Joint Registry, linked to hospital inpatient, mortality and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) data, with up to 15.75 years follow-up were analysed. There were 10 surgical approach groups: medial parapatellar, midvastus, subvastus, lateral parapatellar, ‘other’ and their minimally invasive versions. Survival methods were used to compare revision rates and 45-day mortality. Groups were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression and Flexible Parametric Survival Modelling (FPM). Confounders included age at surgery, sex, risk group (indications additional to osteoarthritis), American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, TKR fixation, year of primary, body mass index, and for mortality, deprivation and Charlson comorbidity subgroups. PROMs were analysed with regression modelling or non-parametric methods.ResultsThe conventional midvastus approach was associated with lower revision rates (Hazard Rate Ratio (HRR) 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.91) P = 0.001) and the lateral parapatellar with higher revision rates (HRR 1.35 (95% CI 1.12–1.63) P = 0.002) compared to the conventional medial parapatellar approach. Mortality rates were similar between approaches. PROMs showed statistically significant, but not clinically important, differences.ConclusionsThere is little difference in PROMs between the various surgical approaches in TKR with all resulting in good outcomes. However, the conventional midvastus approach (used in 3% of cases) was associated with a 20% reduced risk of revision surgery compared to the most commonly used knee approach (the conventional medial parapatellar: used in 91.9% of cases). This data supports the use of the midvastus approach and thus surgeons should consider utilising this approach more frequently. Minimally invasive approaches did not appear to convey any clinical advantage in this study over conventional approaches for primary TKR.     

Complications,readmission rates,and in-hospital lengths-of-stay in octogenarian vs. non-octogenarians following total knee arthroplasty: An analysis of over 1.7 million patients

IntroductionStudies investigating complications between octogenarians and non-octogenarians undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are limited. Therefore, we investigated whether octogenarians are at greater odds of: (1) in-hospital lengths of stay (LOS) (2) readmission rates, (3) medical complications, and (4) hardware complications compared to non-octogenarians following TKA.MethodsA retrospective query of the PearlDiver database isolated 1,775,460 patients who underwent primary TKA from 2005 to 2014. Patients aged 80 and above represented the study cohort (n = 295,908) and patients 65 to 79 represented the control cohort (n = 1,479,552). Study group patients were matched to controls in a 1:5 ratio according to gender and medical comorbidities. Pearson’s Chi Square and logistic regression were used to analyze the primary outcomes of the study which included 90-day medical complications, 90-day readmission rates, 2-year implant-related complications, and in-hospital LOS. A p-value less than 0.001 was statistically significant.ResultsOctogenarians were found to have significantly higher incidence and odds of 90-day readmission rates (10.59 vs. 9.35%; OR: 1.15, p < 0.0001) and significantly longer in-hospital LOS (3.69 days ± 1.95 vs. 3.23 days ± 1.83, p < 0.0001) compared to controls. Octogenarians also had equal incidence and odds of developing any medical complication (1.26 vs. 1.26%; OR: 0.99, p = 0.99) and lower incidence and odds (1.67 vs. 1.93%; OR: 0.86, p < 0.001) of implant-related complications compared to controls.ConclusionOctogenarians undergoing primary TKA have similar odds of medical related complications and lower odds of implant-related complications compared to non-octogenarian patients, whereas readmission rates and in-hospital LOS are greater.     

The effect of low-load exercise on joint pain,function, and activities of daily living in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background

Knee osteoarthritis has a lifetime risk of nearly one in two, with obese individuals being most susceptible. While exercise is universally recognized as a critical component for management, unsafe or ineffective exercise frequently leads to exacerbation of joint symptoms.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of intermittent 3-, 4-, and 5-day cycles of intravenous recombinant human interleukin-2 combined with antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus ART alone in HIV-seropositive patients with 100-300 CD4+ T cells

The effect of length of therapy on the safety and efficacy profile of continuous intravenous (CIV) interleukin-2 (IL-2) in combination with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was evaluated in 81 HIV-seropositive patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts of 100-300/mm(3). Patients were randomized to CIV IL-2 (12 mIU/day) for 3, 4, or 5 days plus ART every 8 weeks for six cycles, or to ART alone. The mean percent increase in CD4(+) T-cell counts was 24.5% for IL-2 recipients compared with a mean percent decrease of 30.5% for control patients (P = 0.005). Increasing duration of CIV IL-2 therapy resulted in improved CD4(+) T-cell response. The most frequent clinical adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were predominantly of grade 1 or 2 severity. However, grade 3 or 4 events were reported in 57%, 60%, and 84% of the 3-, 4-, and 5-day CIV IL-2 patients, respectively. Serious adverse events, mainly due to the requirement of hospitalization, occurred in 20% of IL-2 recipients, compared with 10% of control patients. Viral load during the course of the study was not different among the treatment groups. IL-2 therapy in cycles of 5 days resulted in an optimal increase in CD4(+) T-cell counts and is the preferred cycle length for IL-2 therapy geared toward increasing CD4(+) T-cell numbers.