中山市健康人群乙肝血清学监测情况分析

目的 了解乙肝疫苗接种效果情况，进而探讨如何更好地实行免费接种乙肝疫苗，确保接种质量。方法 随机抽取152名新生儿和1岁以上健康人群2495名，应用酶联免疫法对其血清进行HBsAg和anti．HBsAg检测。结果 152名新生儿，抗-HBs阳性141人，阳性率为92．7％。HBsAg阳性0人。2495名1岁以上健康人群，抗-HBs阳性1199人，阳性率为48．1％，HBsAg阳性259人，阳性率为10．4％。1～18岁844人，HBsAg阳性10人，阳性率为1．2％。18岁以上1651人，HBsAg阳性249人，阳性率为15．1％。结论 对新生儿及时进行乙肝疫苗全程免疫，能提高新生儿对乙肝的免疫力，预防乙肝。接种乙肝疫苗、提高接种质量能提高易感人群对乙肝的免疫力。降低人群乙肝感染率。1岁以上健康人群抗-HBs阳性率偏低，存在感染乙型肝炎病毒的危险。     

儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染状况临床分析

目的了解深圳市盐田区4—10岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染状况及影响因素，为减少乙肝患病率提供帮助。方法所有儿童均抽空腹静脉血3ml采用酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA法）检测HBsAg，抗-HBs，HBeAg，抗-HBe，抗-HBc谷丙转氨酶（CPT）及谷草转氨酶（ALT）。结果3455名儿童HBsAg阳性率为3．82％，HBsAg阳性儿童中，以HBsAg（＋），HBeAg（＋），抗-HBc（＋）伴GPT，ALT正常者所占比例最高，为76％。不同性别之间HBsAg阳性率比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。6岁以下儿童HBsAg阳性率较低，6—10岁组阳性率明显升高。全程接种乙肝疫苗儿童的HBsAg阳性率明显低于未接种组，结果有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。父亲或母亲是HBsAg阳性者所占比例明显高于家庭成员中无HBsAg阳性者（132例中占105例，占79.3％）。结论儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染率较低，且年龄组越小其感染率越低，因乙肝疫苗全程免疫后抗体持续时间长，建议对儿童进行全面预防接种策略，进-步减少乙肝患病率。     

2005年河南省漯河市三县区农村居民乙肝感染状况调查分析

目的 了解漯河市农村居民乙肝感染现状。方法 按照分散选点，整群随机抽样的原则采血8862人，用ELISA法进行ALT、HBsAg、抗．HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc检测。结果 乙肝病毒总感染率为51．33％，HBsAg阳性率为4．33％，抗．HBs阳性率为49．77％，抗-HBc阳性率33．44％。结论 乙肝表面抗原阳性率明显低于全国水平，易感人群较多，加强新生儿乙肝疫苗首针及时率，提高整体人群免疫率，是今后乙肝防制的重点。     

甘船厂员工乙型肝炎病毒感染情况调查

目的 通过对某船厂员工进行乙肝病毒检测，对不同性别及不同工种的员工HBsAg阳性率比较分析，探讨该船厂乙肝病毒的预防方法。方法 采用流行病学调查结合实验室检验结果进行分析。结果 男性员工HBsAg阳性率明显高于女工，特殊工种工种员工HBsAg阳性率高于普通工种员工。本次共检测394例血清，HBsAg阳性率为14．2％。结论 该船厂必须继续加强对员工特别是男性员工及特殊工种员工乙型肝炎病毒的防治及管理工作。     

3396例儿童体检乙肝血清流行病学分析

目的了解中山市小榄镇7月～7岁儿童乙肝病毒标志物携带情况,为传染性乙型肝炎的防治工作提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取2008年1月1日-6月30日在小榄镇小榄人民医院检测的7月～7岁3396名儿童乙肝两对半结果,用SPSS13．0进行统计分析。结果HBsAg携带率为1．59％,且随年龄的增长呈上升趋势（P〈0．05）。HBsAb阳性率为60．48％,且随年龄增长呈下降趋势（P〈0．05）,其中2～7岁年龄组儿童显著高于7月～1岁年龄组儿童,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。37．81％的儿童乙肝“二对半”五项标志物均为阴性,且随年龄的增长有上升趋势（P〈0．05）。结论小榄镇7月～7岁年龄组儿童HBsAg阳性率达到较低水平,2岁以上儿童HBsAb阳性率偏低且未受到乙肝病毒的感染．存在乙型肝炎病毒感染的危险,应积极推广乙肝疫苗的加强免疫,加大乙型肝炎的综合防治力度。     

公务员乙肝病毒感染血清学研究

目的 了解公务员乙肝的感染和流行情况,为乙肝防治工作提供科学依据。方法 采用ELISA法对1364名公务员保健体检进行HBV感染的血清学分析。结果 HBsAg阳性率为13．12％（179／1364）,其中男15．0％（109／722）,女10．90％（70／642）,男性明显高于女性,且有随年龄增长而呈下降的趋势。HBsAg阳性者的血清标志物的6种组合模式中,以HBsAg、抗－HBe、抗－HBc均为阳性的组合模式最多37．99％（68／179）,单项则以抗－HBc阳性最多69．27％（124／179）。结论 深圳市公务员HBV感染情况严重。     

15688名献血员抗-HIV、抗-HCV、HBsAg、梅毒检测结果研究

目的了解我市HIV、HCV、HBsAg、梅毒在一般献血人群的感染情况，确保输血安全。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测抗-HIV、抗-HCV、HBsAg、RPR和TRUST试验检测梅毒。结果在献血人群中HBsAg阳性率为5．36％；抗-HCV阳性率为1．35％；梅毒阳性率为0．42％。结论多次献血者HBsAg检测阳性率较低；有献血浆史的献血者抗-HCV检测阳性显著高于一般人群。     

招远市城区乙肝病毒预防效果分析

为了解我市城区对乙肝病毒感染的预防效果,我们对1994年、2000年、2007年的婚前查体、幼儿入托、中学生查体的HBsAg资料进行了统计分析,结果发现我市城区从1994年～2007年间乙肝病毒阳性率的降低幼儿最明显.     

血清HBV二对半指标与PCR—DNA指标结果比较及临床意义

目的：探讨血清HBV二对半指标与DNA指标结果不一原因及临床价值。方法：PCR技术检测RIA有二对半阳性指标的血清、结果：抗HBs（＋）血清PCR检测的阳性率3．33％（2／60）。HBsAg（＋）、HBeAg（＋）、抗HBc（＋）血清PCR阳性率98％（49／50）。HBsAg（＋）、抗HBe（＋）、抗HBc（＋）血清PCR阳性率24．14％（21／87）。HBsAg（＋）、抗HBc（＋）血清PCR阳性率66．67％（2／3）。单项抗HBc（＋）血清PCR阳性率10％（1／10）。阳性血清稀释，PCR可测到10（-6）浓度。结论：PCR结果能帮助血清二对半指标的解释，是了解HBV传染性的理想方法。     

乙型肝炎病毒母婴阻断长期效果的随访研究

目的观察乙型肝炎病毒母婴阻断长期效果,探讨HBsAg阳性孕妇生产儿童发生慢性HBV感染的相关影响因素。方法随访和收集于2004--2006年在北京地坛医院出生的HBsAg阳性母亲所生,并在出生时进行200单位乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）注射和经过乙肝疫苗10μg,0、1和6个月的完整免疫接种程序的儿童静脉血,采用Abbott微粒子化学发光法检测其HBsAg、抗-HBs抗体、抗-HBc抗体,分析母婴阻断和乙肝疫苗接种的长期效果及其影响因素。结果收集和调查306名儿童年龄3—6（4．84）岁,其母亲生产时HBeAg阳性198人,HBeAg阴性92人。10（3．27％）名儿童发生慢性HBV感染。除慢性HBV感染者外,其余296名儿童,20．27％抗-HBs〈10mlU／ml;44．26％抗-HBs≥10—100mlU／ml;27．03％抗-HBs≥100～1000mlU／ml和8．45％抗-HBs≥1000mlU／m,抗-HBs保护率为79．73％（236／296）。抗-HBc阳性率为7．43％（22／296）。10例感染儿童的母亲生产时HBeAg均为阳性,HBVDNA均在10。拷贝／ml以上,其中8例超过10^8拷贝／ml。结论在进行乙肝疫苗加HBIG注射的HBV母婴传播阻断措施下,HBV母婴阻断失败和慢性H13V感染发生在HBeAg阳性和高病毒载量产妇所生婴儿,在有效阻断后仍需进行抗HBs监测并加强免疫接种。     

云浮市2006年人群乙肝血清学调查结果分析

目的了解分析云浮市不同年龄人群乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）携带率和乙肝免疫水平（HBsAb）,为防控乙型肝炎提供参考。方法收集2006年9月全国人群乙肝等有关疾病血清学调查时云浮市3个调查点636人的相关资料,并采集调查对象静脉血,送中国疾病预防控制中心统一利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对标本进行检测。结果 636份样本中HBsAg阳性62人,阳性率为9.74%,不同年龄组的阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=27.81,P〈0.001）。HBsAb阳性者有416人,阳性率为65.41%,不同年龄组的阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=30.64,P〈0.001）。在全阴人群中,幼儿组阴性率为27.05%,少年组阴性率为43.50%,不同年龄组的阴性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=64.88,P〈0.001）。结论云浮市乙肝感染率处于较高的水平,主要为15～59岁人群。幼儿组、少年组乙肝免疫能力低,应尽快对幼儿组的阴性人群进行重种,少年组加强免疫。     

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C and HIV antibodies in children in a Romanian orphanage.

Two hundred and fifteen children in an orphanage in Romania were examined for serum markers of present or past hepatitis B and C virus and HIV infection. In total, 183 children (85.1%) had at least one marker (HBsAg, anti-HBs or anti-HBc) of hepatitis B virus infection. An HBsAg carrier state was diagnosed in 38 (20.8%) of the infected children. Among the carriers 24.3% were HBeAg carriers, 51.4% had anti-HBe and 24.3% had neither HBe antigen nor antibody. Nine children (4.2%) had antibodies to hepatitis C virus. All sera were negative in tests for HIV antibodies. False-positive reactions represented a considerable problem with these sera. Six percent of the sera gave false-positive reactions in indirect ELISA tests for hepatitis C and HIV. Sera giving false-positive reactions had rather high serum IgG levels. The results of this study indicate that these children have been heavily exposed to hepatitis B virus and to a certain degree to hepatitis C virus, while there were no cases of HIV infection in this orphanage.     

山东省枣庄市乙型病毒性肝炎流行病学调查

目的　了解枣庄市人群中乙型肝炎的流行特征。方法　于 2 0 0 0年采用随机分层抽样 ,调查 312户家庭的 96 3人 ,以RIA法检测HBsAg、抗 HBs和抗 HBc。结果　HBsAg、抗 HBs、抗 HBc和HBV标化流行率分别为 7.0 8%、37.5 6 %、4 1.35 %和 4 4 .37%。HBsAg流行率男性高于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,城区高于农村 (P <0 .0 1) ,在不同年龄及职业人群中差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。抗 HBs、抗 HBc和HBV感染率有随年龄增长而递增的趋势 (P <0 .0 1)。HBV总感染率男性高于女性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,农村高于城市 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　枣庄市人群HBV感染率较高 ,应积极采取预防和控制措施 ,减少发病。     

江门市健康体检成人乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的探讨江门市健康体检成人乙型肝炎病毒血清流行病学状况,为乙型病毒性肝炎防治提供可靠依据。方法收集2009年1-6月江门市体检成人共计11208人,分别统计分析年龄、性别、乙型肝炎＂两对半＂结果和肝功能。结果江门市健康体检成人HBsAg阳性率为9.06%,男性和女性HBsAg阳性率分别为10.8%和6.88%,男性明显高于女性;乙型肝炎病毒感染者中HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性分别占19.49%和80.51%;HBsAb阳性率为67.34%,乙型肝炎标志物全阴为22.08%。结论江门市健康体检人群HBsAg阳性率与全国平均水平相当,预防控制乙肝仍要加强以乙肝疫苗接种为主的综合预防措施。     

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant Turkish women and their families

A total of 5,366 pregnant Turkish women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 225 (4.2%) of them were found to be positive. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was detected in 6.2% of HBsAg-positive pregnant women. The overall prevalence of HBsAg and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) among the spouses, previous children, mothers and first degree relatives of the HBsAg-positive pregnant women was 56%, 49%, 79% and 74% respectively. The prevalence of HBsAg is thus high in pregnant Turkish women with familial clustering of hepatitis B virus infection.     

Impact of the Expanded Program of Immunization against hepatitis B infection in school children in Malaysia

The implementation of the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in 1989 has dramatic impact on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in school children in Malaysia. A cross-sectional seroprevalence study of HBV infection in 190,077 school children aged 7–12 years from 1997 to 2003 showed a steady decline of HBV surfacce antigen (HBsAg) prevalence rate from 2.5% for children born in 1985 to 0.4% among school children born in 1996. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 0.6%, 0.7% in males and 0.6% in females. Over 92.7% of school children had been vaccinated with HBV vaccine, in which 93.7% were vaccinated under the EPI and 6.3% on voluntary basis. The school children vaccinated under EPI had a 0.4% HBsAg carrier rate, which was significantly lower than school children vaccinated on a voluntary basis (HBsAg carrier rate 1.3%) and non-vaccinated school children (HBsAg carrier rate 2.7%), suggesting that HBV vaccination of infants was the most effective measure in preventing vertical transmission of HBV in the hyperendemic region.     

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in children in Taipei, 1989: five years after a mass hepatitis B vaccination program

A nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program was launched in Taiwan in 1984. To study the impact of this ongoing program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, a follow-up seroepidemiologic study was carried out in 1989 in a Taipei district where pre-vaccination seroepidemiology had been studied. HBV markers were studied in 1134 apparently healthy children (619 boys and 515 girls) under 13 years of age between March and July 1989. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children under 5 years of age decreased from 9.3% in 1984 to approximately 2% in 1989. A significant decrease in HBsAg prevalence and hepatitis B core antibody in 5- to 8-year-old children who were not immunized against HBV showed that horizontal infection among the older children had also decreased. Thus, this program not only protected vaccinated subjects; the reduction in numbers of highly infectious young HBV carriers also contributed to a lower prevalence of hepatitis B infection and carrier rates in some older children. This study demonstrates that hepatitis B vaccination is effective in protecting the majority of children in hyperendemic areas from HBV infection and from becoming chronic carriers.     

Prevalence of serologic markers of the hepatitis B virus in pregnant women of Bamako, Mali

A prospective study of the serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) including hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti HBs) was conducted over 5 years in Bamako. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women and to determine the risk of HBV infection for this population. The study involved 829 pregnant women for whom blood samples were collected after the first quarter of pregnancy. HBsAg and anti HBs were detected in all cases by radioimmunoassay. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti HBs in pregnant women was respectively 15.5% and 16.9%. This prevalence of HBsAg, higher than in the general population, points to the fact that pregnant women are a high risk group for hepatitis B infection. In addition, scarification and tattooing practices increase significantly the risk of infection by hepatitis B virus (OR = 2.03; 1.07 < OR < 3.82; chi 2 = 5.62; p: 1%). Thus, we can presumably conclude that infants and new borns in such conditions are largely exposed to hepatitis B virus infection, even though hepatitis B core antibody and hepatitis B e antigen were not investigated for technical reasons. In conclusion, the authors believe that infants and new borns must be systematically immunised against hepatitis B virus infection in Bamako.     

Trend of hepatitis B virus infection in freshmen classes at two high schools in Hualien,Taiwan from 1991 to 1999

Taiwan is an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A nationwide mass vaccination program to prevent HBV infection was started in 1985. Perinatal and horizontal transmission of HBV decreased substantially after the launching of this program. However, the influence of this program on children born before 1985 has not been studied. From 1991 to 1999, annual surveys of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) were carried out in freshmen at two high schools in Hualien, Taiwan. The average age was 16 years old. Although these students were born 2-10 years after the start of the national HBV vaccination program, there is a significant trend of decreasing HBsAg carrier rate (from 21.0% to 10.5% in males and 14.3% to 4.7% in females) and increasing anti-HBs rate (from 56.6% to 67.8% in males and 70.3% to 75.9% in females) over the 9 years. With yearly comparison, the carrier rate of HBsAg started to show significant decrease since 1994, while the anti-HBs began to rise significantly after 1996, especially in male students. The HBsAg carrier rate in male students was significantly higher, while the anti-HBs rate was significantly lower, than that in female students in most of the years. It is concluded that the effect of HBV vaccination also reduced horizontal transmission of HBV to children born up to 7 years before the start of the program.