泼尼松诱导试验评估儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病预后

目的：探讨泼尼松诱导试验评估儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)预后的价值。方法：126例ALL初治患儿按ALLXH99治疗方案行泼尼松诱导试验,口服泼尼松(60mg/m2)7d和氨甲蝶蛉加阿糖胞苷鞘内注射1次后外周血涂片计数幼稚淋巴细胞数。若幼稚淋巴细胞数<1000/μL,为泼尼松反应良好;如幼稚淋巴细胞数≥1000/μL,为泼尼松反应不良。生存分析采用KaplanMeier方法;各组生存的比较采用logrank检验;各生物学特征的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法(双尾)。结果：110例患儿表现为泼尼松反应良好,16例患儿表现为泼尼松反应不良;5年无事件生存率(pEFS)分别为73%±5%与48%±13%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0021)。结论：泼尼松诱导试验简单,易操作,可方便地评估早期治疗反应。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病早期治疗反应的预后价值：上海儿童医学中心单中心的临床报告

目的：在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）治疗中,早期治疗反应是最重要的预后因素之一。该文评价了诱导治疗第19天及血液学完全缓解时骨髓存在形态学可辨认的幼稚淋巴细胞数及微量残留病(MRD)监测在儿童ALL治疗中的预后价值。方法：1998年1月至2003年5月接受ALL-XH-99方案治疗的193例新诊治的ALL患儿为研究对象。联合化疗第19天及诱导缓解治疗结束时行骨髓形态学检查以及血液学缓解时用四色MP-FCM检测MRD。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法,各组无事生存率（EFS）之间的比较采用log-rank检验,各生物学特征的比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法（双尾）,COX风险比例模型用于评估预后因素。结果：①诱导治疗第19天骨髓幼稚淋巴细胞≥5%与<5%的患儿4年EFS差异有非常显著性意义 (42.59%±14.28% vs 74.24%±6.67%;P<0.01);②诱导缓解治疗结束达血液学缓解时存在形态学可识别的幼稚淋巴细胞（幼稚淋巴细胞>0%）与此时无形态学可辨认的幼稚淋巴细胞的患儿4年EFS差异有显著性意义（63.47%±9.23% vs 76.41%±6.09%; P<0.05）;③ 诱导缓解治疗结束血液学完全缓解时 MRD≥0.01%与 MRD<0.01%的患儿15月EFS差异有非常显著性意义（23.81%±20.26% vs 94.44%±5.40%; P<0.01）。结论：诱导治疗第19天骨髓幼稚细胞数≥5%、诱导治疗结束血液学缓解时骨髓幼稚细胞＞0%及MRD监测在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病治疗中具有预后价值,可用于发展中国家儿童ALL早期治疗反应的评估。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（1）：5-9］     

98-方案诊治儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病疗效和预后因素分析

目的探讨98-方案诊治儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的疗效和预后因素,以便进一步提高儿童ALL无事生存率(EFS)。方法回顾性分析1998年10月—2003年7月83例初诊儿童ALL临床资料,采用Kaplan Meier法评估各因素对患儿5年无事生存率(5-year EFS)的影响,组间患儿5-year EFS差异比较采用Log-Rank检验,COX比例风险回归模型分析各变量的独立预后价值。结果83例儿童ALL完全缓解(CR)率为96.4%,总体5-year EFS为(62.0±6.0)%。多因素分析表明泼尼松诱导试验不良是预后不良的独立因素,其相对危险度(RR)为1.577;而治疗顺从是预后良好的独立因素,其RR为0.443。泼尼松诱导试验高度敏感对预后不良预测的敏感度和特异度分别为67.9%和76.7%,泼尼松诱导试验高度敏感+敏感对预后不良预测的敏感度和特异度分别为94.3%和33.3%。结论采用98-方案治疗儿童ALL疗效满意,泼尼松诱导试验不良是预后不良的独立因素,泼尼松诱导试验高度敏感对预后不良预测的敏感度和特异度都比较高,治疗顺从是预后良好的重要因素。     

儿童非成熟B淋巴细胞性自血病预后因素分析

目的 分析多种预后影响因素对儿童非成熟B细胞性白血病长期无病生存的影响,寻找可能的影响治疗和预后的最重要的因素.方法 对在该院确诊并接受治疗的非成熟B淋巴细胞性白血病患儿161例,按ALL-XH-99方案化疗.并在治疗前获得患者年龄、性别、外周血白细胞数、免疫分型、P170、融合基因以及泼尼松治疗第8天外周血幼稚细胞绝对数、诱导缓解治疗第19天骨髓象以及诱导缓解治疗结束时骨髓微量残留病(MRD)水平和危险度分级等,并动态观测治疗疗效.结果 单因素分析显示:性别、治疗前P170水平等对治疗对无事件生存率无影响(P>0.05);年龄、治疗前外周血白细胞水平、泼尼松治疗反应、诱导缓解第19天骨髓象、融合基因、以及CR时MRD水平等则具有显著相关性(P<0.01);免疫分型、是否具有髓系标记以及临床危险度分组对治疗预后亦具有一定程度的影响(<0.05).多因素COX回归分析结果显示,在所有进入本研究的各种因素的综合分析中,预后危险因素包括:治疗前外周血WBC≥50×109/L、Cμ阳性、MRD阳性以及融合基因检测阳性等(P<0.05).而性别、年龄、治疗前P170水平、CD10/CD33/CD13是否表达、危险度分组以及治疗第19天骨髓象等对预后并无显著的影响(P>0.05).但根据患者治疗第19天骨髓象调整治疗方案具有重要意义.结论 在非成熟B系ALL中,治疗前外周血高白细胞数、Cμ阳性、融合基因检测阳性以及诱导缓解结束后MRD≥0.01%具有重要的预后意义.而早期治疗反应(第19天骨髓象)对于指导治疗具有重要意义.     

儿童非成熟B淋巴细胞性白血病预后因素分析

目的：分析多种预后影响因素对儿童非成熟B细胞性白血病长期无病生存的影响，寻找可能的影响治疗和预后的最重要的因素。方法：对在该院确诊并接受治疗的非成熟B淋巴细胞性白血病患儿161例，按ALL-XH-99方案化疗。并在治疗前获得患者年龄、性别、外周血白细胞数、免疫分型、P170、融合基因以及泼尼松治疗第8天外周血幼稚细胞绝对数、诱导缓解治疗第19天骨髓象以及诱导缓解治疗结束时骨髓微量残留病（MRD）水平和危险度分级等，并动态观测治疗疗效。结果：单因素分析显示：性别、治疗前P170水平等对治疗对无事件生存率无影响(P>0.05)；年龄、治疗前外周血白细胞水平、泼尼松治疗反应、诱导缓解第19天骨髓象、融合基因、以及CR时MRD水平等则具有显著相关性(P<0.01)；免疫分型、是否具有髓系标记以及临床危险度分组对治疗预后亦具有一定程度的影响(<0.05)。多因素COX回归分析结果显示，在所有进入本研究的各种因素的综合分析中，预后危险因素包括：治疗前外周血WBC≥50×109/L、Cμ阳性、MRD阳性以及融合基因检测阳性等（P<0.05）。而性别、年龄、治疗前P170水平、CD10/CD33/CD13是否表达、危险度分组以及治疗第19天骨髓象等对预后并无显著的影响（P>0.05）。但根据患者治疗第19天骨髓象调整治疗方案具有重要意义。结论：在非成熟B系ALL中，治疗前外周血高白细胞数、Cμ阳性、融合基因检测阳性以及诱导缓解结束后MRD≥0.01%具有重要的预后意义。而早期治疗反应（第19天骨髓象）对于指导治疗具有重要意义。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病微小残留病技术方案

微小残留病(MRD)是急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿经过治疗,并按目前所确定的疗效标准(骨髓中原始或幼稚肿瘤细胞在5%以下,患者的病情完全控制)达到临床完全缓解状态后,体内残留微量白血病细胞的状态.是ALL的重要的独立预后指标[1],已经证实患儿体内的MRD水平在ALL的疗效评价、预后判断和复发监测以及造血干细胞移植时净化移植物等方面均有十分重要的意义,多家国外先进治疗组采用MRD水平进行儿童ALL的危险度分层和预后评估,取得了良好的效果[2-8].目前国内外儿童白血病协作组已经将MRD的检测作为重要的危险因素评价指标之一,以诱导治疗早期、结束时MRD水平进行危险度分层,将调整治疗纳入到治疗方案中[9-10],在获得最大的疗效同时减少化疗药物的毒性,对易复发的患儿予以强化治疗,提高患儿的生存率以及生活质量.     

儿童急性白血病完全缓解后骨髓幼稚细胞低比例增高的临床意义

目的　了解急性白血病患儿完全缓解 (CR)后骨髓幼稚细胞比例出现 0 0 5～ 0 2 5时对预后的影响 ,为临床治疗策略的调整提供依据。方法　对 1998～ 2 0 0 1年上海儿童医学中心收治急性白血病患儿CR后按骨髓幼稚细胞比例分为A组 (<0 0 5 )和B组 (0 0 5～ 0 2 5 ) ;B组又分为B1(0 0 5～ 0 10 )、B2 (～ 0 15 )、B3(～ 0 2 5 ) 3个亚组 ,分析各组与急性白血病复发的关系。结果　急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)患儿CR后骨髓幼稚细胞≥ 0 10时 ,复发率与阴性对照组差异有显著性 ;急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (ANLL)患儿CR后骨髓幼稚细胞≥ 0 15时 ,复发率与阴性对照组差异有显著性。结论　ALL患儿CR后骨髓中原始淋巴细胞 幼淋巴细胞≥ 0 10及ANLL患儿CR后骨髓中原始粒细胞 早幼粒细胞或原始单核细胞 幼单核细胞≥ 0 15时应考虑及时调整治疗方案。     

7例婴儿急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床分析

目的总结我科7例婴儿急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的临床及实验室检查特点,探讨其治疗及预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月—2017年7月徐州市儿童医院血液肿瘤内科收治的7例婴儿ALL的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及预后。结果 7例婴儿ALL,初诊年龄3～11个月,平均发病年龄5个月。临床表现为贫血、发热、出血、肝脾肿大,其中1例患儿就诊时白细胞大于300×10~9/L。7例骨髓形态学诊断后进一步完善了免疫学、细胞遗传学、分子生物学检查。免疫分型均为B细胞性ALL,其中有5例患儿存在MLL基因重排。2例患儿诊断后放弃治疗,1例在诱导化疗中放弃治疗,其余4例接受治疗的患儿,例2完全缓解(52个月)至今,例1完全缓解31个月后骨髓复发,例3在诱导缓解后因重症肺部感染死亡,例4诱导缓解后行脐血干细胞移植治疗,随访至今完全缓解(14个月)。结论婴儿ALL儿童白血病中罕见,我科该类患儿占同期初诊白血病的2. 0%,临床特征与其他类型白血病不同,7例中仅4例完成诱导化疗并接受后续化疗,1例缓解后复发,1例早期死亡,仅2例无病生存,预后差,复发率高。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病E-cadherin表达及与临床指标相关性分析

目的检测儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)骨髓单个核细胞中E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)mRNA、蛋白及骨髓血浆E-cadherin蛋白表达水平,分析初发儿童ALL E-cadherin基因、蛋白表达水平与临床指标的相关性。方法 33例ALL患儿根据诱导治疗前后分为初发组和缓解组(完全缓解)。RT-PCR法检测骨髓单个核细胞E-cadherin mRNA的表达,Western Blot法检测骨髓单个核细胞E-cadherin蛋白的表达,ELISA法检测骨髓血浆E-cadherin蛋白浓度,统计乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、外周血白细胞(WBC)计数、骨髓及外周血原始幼稚细胞比例等临床指标。结果初发组骨髓单个核细胞E-cadherin mRNA、蛋白及骨髓血浆E-cadherin蛋白表达量均低于缓解组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。初发组血清LDH及SF的表达水平均高于缓解组(P0.05),差异有显著性。初发组E-cadherinmRNA、蛋白表达水平与LDH、SF水平均呈负相关(P0.05),与外周血白细胞计数、骨髓及外周血原幼稚细胞比例均无相关(P0.05)。结论E-cadherin基因表达缺失可能参与了儿童ALL的发病,E-cadherin基因表达水平对儿童ALL治疗效果判断有一定意义。     

CD20阳性儿童B系急性淋巴细胞白血病临床特点及生存分析

目的探讨儿童B系急性淋巴细胞白血病(B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)CD20抗原表达情况与临床特点及预后的关系。方法回顾性分析广西医科大学第一附属医院儿科血液病房2005年1月-2012年8月收治的200例初诊B-ALL患儿临床特点和生存情况。结果 CD20阳性54例(27%),阴性146例(73%),两组患儿在性别、年龄、外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白水平、血小板计数、骨髓幼稚细胞数、FAB分型、细胞遗传学改变、初诊时中枢神经系统白血病发生、临床危险度分型及诱导缓解治疗第19 d骨髓状态的差异无显著性;Kaplan-Meier曲线生存率分析显示,CD20阳性和CD20阴性组B-ALL患儿的预计3年EFS分别为(65.5±10.1)%和(70.3±5.7)%,两组差异无显著性(P=0.677)。结论 CD20在儿童B-ALL中的表达与一般临床特点及预后无关,尚不能作为B-ALL危险度的预测因素。     

Initial response to therapy as an important prognostic factor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. COALL study group

Prognostic factors to estimate the risk of relapse are crucial for risk-adapted therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In a cooperative multicenter treatment study for childhood ALL (COALL-03-85) the prognostic relevance of the bone marrow (BM) blast count at day 28 was evaluated. Treatment was adjusted to the initial risk factors; patients with high risk (white blood count (WBC) greater than or equal to 25/nl, age greater than or equal to 10 years, T- or NULL-ALL) received intensified therapy consisting of rotation of 6 non cross-resistant drug combinations with 12 different agents. After 4 weeks 289/305 (94.8%) children were in complete remission (CR); one child died of infection, and 15 (14 high-risk patients) still had more than 5% blasts in the BM. Twelve of these 15 patients were in remission after 2 to 4 weeks additional treatment. Poor responders often had a high initial WBC, age above 10 years of T- or NULL-ALL. In spite of continuation of intensive therapy all children with more than 10% blasts in the BM on day 28 suffered an early relapse except 2 who were transplanted in first remission. Event-free survival for the poor responders is 0.15 compared to 0.71 (p = 0.0001) for the good responders (median observation time 48 months). In multivariate analysis remission status on day 28 was the only significant prognostic factor in high-risk patients above one year of age; traditional risk factors as initial WBC, age above 10 years, hepatosplenomegaly, and immunological subtype were of no prognostic significance in this study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

PART II. SURVIVAL AFTER RELAPSE DURING UNMAINTAINED REMISSION AND AFTER SECOND CESSATION OF THERAPY

Nygaard, R. and Moe, P. J. (Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway). Outcome after cessation of therapy in childhood leukemia. A population-based Nordic study of 986 patients. II. Survival after relapse during unmaintained remission and after second cessation of therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 354: 20, 1989.
This is the second part of a population-based investigation of 986 patients after discontinuation of therapy for childhood leukemia. Patients who had their first relapse after cessation of therapy ( n =206) were studied for subsequent outcome in terms of survival after relapse. The patients with ALL ( n =191) were also analyzed according to patient variables with possible influence on survival. Fifty-one (26.7%) of the patients with relapse of ALL electively stopped therapy once more, and for them subsequent survival in remission was evaluated.
The overall estimated proportion alive at five years after relapse in unmaintained remission was 0.37 and at ten years 0.28. There was no significant difference in survival after relapse for males vs. females, and this could be attributed to the fact that isolated testicular relapses carried a better chance of subsequent survival than did relapses in other sites. Age at relapse did not have any influence on survival. However, time from cessation of therapy to first relapse was of prognostic value: Patients who relapsed within 6 months had a signifcantly lower survival than did those with relapse after longer periods in unmaintained remission.
Five-year DFS was 0.57 after second cessation of therapy in patients with ALL. Our study confirms that there may be more than one chance of cure.     

Prognostic factors for relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of allogeneic stem cell transplantation--a report from the Kyushu-Yamaguchi Children's Cancer Study Group

BACKGROUND: The treatment results of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a first relapse were retrospectively analyzed to determine prognostic factors. In particular, an attempt was made to clarify whether stem cell transplantation (SCT) had any advantages over chemotherapy. PROCEDURES: Of the 407 children with ALL diagnosed between 1984 and 1996, 117 suffered from a relapse before December 1999. The patients were treated differently according to the protocols of each institution. The potential prognostic factors examined were: the time of initial diagnosis, gender, immunophenotype of leukemic blasts and the NCI-risk classification at initial diagnosis, the site of relapse, the time of relapse (early: within 18 months after diagnosis, intermediate: other than either early or late relapse, late: later than 6 months after the discontinuation of front-line chemotherapy), and the treatment after relapse (chemotherapy alone and SCT). RESULTS: A second complete remission (CR2) was achieved in 90 patients (77%) and thirty of them maintained CR2, thus resulting in an event-free survival rate (EFS) of 25.1% and an overall survival rate of 26.1%. The significant prognostic factors identified by a multivariate analysis included the time of relapse (EFS: early 16.2%, intermediate 23.9%, late 35.1%, P = 0.012) and the treatment after relapse (EFS: SCT 30.3%, chemotherapy 22.0%, P = 0.049). When patients with an isolated bone marrow relapse and continuous CR2 for more than 3 months were analyzed, the treatment in CR2 was the only independent prognostic factor (EFS: SCT 60.2%, chemotherapy 25.7%, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In children with ALL and a first relapse, the time of relapse and the treatment after relapse were found to be independent prognostic factors. Allogeneic SCT in CR2 showed significantly better results than chemotherapy in patients with an isolated bone marrow relapse.     

188例急性淋巴细胞性白血病患儿的疗效及预后分析

目的 对中南大学湘雅医院、广西医科大学第一附属医院急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患儿的治疗结果及影响无事件生存率(EFS)的因素进行分析.方法 所有病例均采用中华医学会儿科学分会血液学组1998年第二次修正的小儿ALL诊疗建议(简称荣成方案)化疗,采用Kaplan-Meier方法评估依从治疗的188例患儿EFS,组间患儿EFS差异用Log-rank检验,用COX比例风险模型分析独立因素对EFS的影响.结果 374例接受诱导治疗儿童的完全缓解(CR)率为93.6%(354例),全程依从治疗的188例ALL的5年EFS为(68.1±5.6)%,标危、高危组5年EFS分别为(75.2±6.0)%、(47.6±11.6)%;总复发率为10.6%,复发的中位时间为13个月;188例患儿中共有29例死亡,死亡率15.4%;化疗相关死亡13例(7.0%).危险度分组、t(9;22)/bcr-abl融合基因和白细胞计数为独立的不良预后因素.结论 两家医院通过荣成方案治疗儿童ALL的总EFS接近70%,需要进行更加详细的危险因素评估和分组,降低治疗相关死亡率,提高儿童ALL治疗的依从性,以进一步提高EFS.     

CCLG-2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞性白血病复发因素分析

目的分析CCLG-2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)复发危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年12月1日至2012年12月31日初诊ALL且使用CCLG-2008方案化疗的358例患儿随访至2015年9月1日的复发情况及相关影响因素。结果随访期间共有79例患儿复发,复发率22.1%,高危组、中危组、标危组的复发率分别为41.3%、17.6%、13.3%,极早期、早期和晚期复发率分别为31.6%、36.7%和31.6%。Cox回归统计显示,初诊白细胞计数100×109/L、第15天骨髓M3(骨髓涂片中原始+幼稚细胞比例≥25%)、第12周微小残留病灶(MRD)10-4的患儿复发率高,其相对危险度及95%置信区间分别为3.17(1.58~6.36)、1.87(1.07~3.30)、1.90(1.12~3.20),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高危组CCLG-2008方案患儿复发率高;初诊白细胞计数、第15天骨髓呈现M3、第12周MRD10-4是影响复发的重要因素。     

Relapses after termination of therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

In the past 16 years, 2004 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been treated in the Polish Pediatric Group centers. Eight hundred and eighty-seven (44.3%) of these patients discontinued treatment after the first remission. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse occurred in 180 patients (20.3%). This group was analyzed for the method of treatment and its influence on long-term survival, the time between cessation of treatment and relapse, the character and localization of relapse and later follow-up. It was shown that the patients with the best chance of a second remission are those with late testicular relapse. The most frequent and prognostically poor are bone marrow (BM) relapses which warrant intensive chemotherapy with BM transplantation. Patients with ALL relapse still have the possibility of a second remission and long-term survival.     

Follow-up of minimal residual disease in acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia by WT1 gene expression in the peripheral blood: the Hungarian experience

The aim of the study was to investigate if monitoring WT1 gene expression in the peripheral blood is an appropriate approach to monitor the progression of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Forty-six patients have been enrolled into this study (24 ALL and 22 control, nonleukemic cases). The peripheral blood was tested for WT1 gene expression using a sensitive nested RT-PCR technique. The assay was sensitive enough to detect 10 2 leukemic cells among 10 6 normal leukocytes. In agreement with the literature 96% of childhood ALL (23/24) expressed WT1 independent of the prognostic factors of the disease. On the other hand, no WT1 gene expression was found in the peripheral blood of nonleukemic hematological diseases, except myelodysplasia. WT1 became negative in the peripheral blood of these patients at the end of the induction phase of the therapy in the majority of the cases (19/24), whereas clinical remission was achieved in all patients except one. WT1 gene expression changes in the peripheral blood was monthly monitored in 20 ALL patients for 1 year and in 16 cases during the second year (for a maximum of 21 months). Although continuous monitoring detected transient (1- to 3-month long) WT1 expression in the majority of the ALL cases (16/20), clinical relapse occurred in 2 cases only when the WT1 expression was maintained for 11-15 months. Follow up studies of the WT1 gene expression in the peripheral blood of WT1-positive childhood ALL may enable researchers to monitor MRD and detect a very low leukemic cell count (perhaps called "molecular relapse"). According to this study, the transient WT1 positivity for 1-3 months does not predict clinical relapse of childhood ALL, unlike a longer-lasting positivity.     

儿童急性B淋巴细胞性白血病诱导缓解治疗期白血病细胞清除率指标检测研究

目的 探讨儿童急性B淋巴细胞性白血病(BCP-ALL)诱导缓解治疗期白血病细胞清除率(CL)对于预测复发的临床价值.方法 对206例初治BCP-ALL患儿进行3方面研究:(1)分析诱导缓解治疗期CL对无复发生存率(RFS)的影响.CL的3类4项评估指标包括:第8天泼尼松敏感试验(d8-PR)、诱导缓解治疗第22天、第33天骨髓形态学检测(d22-BM、d33-BM)、第33天微小残留病检测(d33-MRD);(2)计算4个评估指标预测复发的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,评价各指标预测复发的效力;(3)分析4个指标的一致性.结果 (1)单因素生存分析中,分别按4个指标将患儿分成不同的亚组,各亚组的RFS差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Cox比例风险模型分析显示d33-MRD≥10-3、BCR/ABL融合基因阳性具有独立预后意义.(2)d33-MRD预测复发灵敏度最高(69.9%),而特异度(88.5%)最低.(3)3类指标之间的一致性差,但d22-BM、d33-BM呈幼稚细胞≥5%的病例全部呈d33-MRD≥10-3,而d8-PR呈泼尼松反应不良的病例则不然,表明d8-PR含有d33-MRD所不能涵括的预后信息.结论 诱导缓解治疗期白血病细胞清除率对儿童BCP-ALL具有重要临床价值;诱导缓解治疗后骨髓MRD检测预测复发的灵敏度显著高于形态学检测,而泼尼松敏感试验结合诱导缓解治疗后骨髓MRD检测可能是评估白血病细胞清除率的最好方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical value of clearance of leukemic cell during induction of remission therapy in children with precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( BCP-ALL),and to assess the applicative value of different indexes. Method From April 2005 to April 2008, 206children with de novo BCP-ALL were admitted. We firstly analyzed the effect of clearance of leukemic cells during induction of remission therapy on relapse-free survival (RFS). Four indexes were used to assess the clearance of leukemic cells including prednisone response on day 8 ( d8-PR ), percentage of lymphoblast in bone marrow on day 22 ( d22-BM ) and day 33 ( d33-BM ) , and bone marrow ( BM ) minimal residualdisease (MRD) detection on day 33 (d33-MRD). Then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the four indexes to assess their ability to predict relapse were analyzed.Finally, the consistency between two of the four indexes to explore the relationships among them were analyzed. Result There were significant differences between RFS of the sub-groups divided according tod8-PR, d22-BM, d33-BM, d33-MRD ( P ＜ 0. 01 ); Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that d33-MRD≥ 10-3 and positive BCR/ABL fusion gene were the independent prognostic factors. Sensitivity ofd33-MRD was higher than that of morphology detection ( d22-BM, d33-BM and d8-PR) in prediction of relapse, and positive predictive value of morphology detection was higher than that of d33-MRD. Sensitivity could be greatly increased by combination with clinical and biological characteristics. Consistency could not be found between d8-PR and d22-BM, d33-BM, d33-MRD, as well as between d22-BM, d33-BM, and d33-MRD. However, all cases of d22-BM, d33-BM M2/M3 were d33-MRD ≥ 10-3, while the same phenomenon could not be found for patients with poor d8-PR. Conclusion Clearance of leukemic cell during induction of remission therapy in children with BCP-ALL had important clinical value. Sensitivity of MRD detection after induction of remission therapy was higher than that of morphological analysis to predict relapse. Morphological analysis could only identify a few patients with very high risk of relapse and the sensitivity could be increased by combination with clinical biological characteristics. The simple prednisone response may contain some prognostic information that could not be covered by analysis of BM cells. It may be the best way to assess the clearance of leukemic cells to combine the prednisone response with MRD detection after induction of remission therapy.     

Chemokine IL-8 and chemokine receptor CXCR3 and CXCR4 gene expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at first relapse

In this study, we examined the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in leukemic cells from 100 children with relapsed B-cell progenitors (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IL-8, CXCR3, and CXCR4 were expressed in almost all bone marrow (BM) samples. The CXCR4 expression significantly correlated with known prognostic factors at relapse: time point and site of relapse. Patients who had a combined BM relapse (n=21) had lower IL-8 and CXCR4 expression than those who had an isolated BM relapse (n=79). The CXCR3 expression was higher in female patients (n=39) than in male patients (n=61). However, this did not reach prognostic relevance in relapsed ALL.     

Clinical and cytokinetic aspects of remission induction of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Addition of an anthracycline to vincristine and prednisone

Fifty-six untreated patients with childhood with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were randomized to receive one of three remission induction regimens: vincristine and prednisone (VP), vincristine, prednisone and daunorubicin (VPD), or vincristine, prednisone and adriamycin (VPA). The complete remission rate was similar for all three groups. Although the anthracycline regimens caused somewhat more rapid leukemic cell reduction than the VP only group, this difference was not significant. Labeling index reduction between study days 1 and 5 was significantly greater (p < 0.001) with an anthracycline than for the VP group, but there was no difference between the two anthracyclines. Granulocytopenia during induction was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both the VPD and VPA groups as compared with VP alone. A significantly higher rate of infectious morbidity (p < 0.01) was associated with the addition of either anthracycline, but to date no significant differences in remission duration or survival have been observed. The addition of anthracyclines to VP for remission induction in childhood ALL has theoretical advantages, but may be undesirable because of increased morbidity.