湛江海水养殖鱼和淡水养殖鱼肌肉中的矿物质元素分析

分析湛江地区海水养殖和淡水养殖鱼肌肉中矿物质元素的含量。采集本地区海水养殖和淡水养殖鱼肌肉样品,应用原子吸收光谱法测定Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mg含量。实验结果显示,海水养殖鱼肌肉中Zn、Cu、Ca含量高;淡水养殖鱼中Fe、Mg含量高。研究提示,鱼肌肉矿物质元素含量丰富,能较好地满足人体对矿物质元素的需要。     

六种冷水鱼肌肉营养组成分析与评价

目的:对养殖的五种冷水鱼(虹鳟、金鳟、山女鳟、白点鲑、大西洋鲑)和一种野生冷水鱼(哲罗) 肌肉的营养组成进行分析与评价,为冷水鱼品种资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料。方法:采用常规的生化分析方法对六种冷水鱼肌肉的营养组成进行了测定。结果:六种冷水鱼肌肉(干样)中粗蛋白含量为75.49%-91.51%,粗脂肪含量为1.21%-16.80%,灰分含量为4.93%-6.61%;氨基酸总量为69.89%-88.58%;8种人体必需氨基酸含量为29.61%-38.37%;4种呈味氨基酸含量为27.20%-34.92%。结论:六种冷水鱼肌肉中蛋白质含量较高;所含氨基酸种类齐全;必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量较高;养殖鱼种和野生鱼种在粗脂肪含量上有着很大的差异。综合分析认为六种冷水鱼是营养价值和经济价值都比较高的优质养殖鱼类。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测动物源食品中氯霉素类药物及其代谢物残留

  目的  建立水产养殖水中痕量氯霉素的测定方法,了解福建省水产养殖水中氯霉素残留状况。  方法  养殖水经乙酸乙酯提取,旋蒸,复溶后,用超高效液相色谱 – 串联质谱法（UPLC/MS/MS）测定。应用该方法对采集自福建省9个设区市和平潭实验区的养殖、运输、销售等环节的养殖水进行检测。  结果  UPLC – 串联质谱测定养殖水中痕量氯霉素残留的方法线性范围为0.010～0.500 ng/mL,线性方程为y = 2.138 79x – 2.055 01e – 005,相关系数r = 0.999 9,以取样量50 mL计,方法的最低检测限为0.000 2 μg/L,3个水平加标回收率为80.5 %～105 %,相对标准偏差为3.31 %～7.37 %,方法灵敏度高、简便快速,适用于养殖水中低浓度的氯霉素含量测定。155份养殖水氯霉素残留状况检测结果显示,共31份检出氯霉素,检出率为20 %;其中虾养殖水各环节的氯霉素检出率均明显高于鱼养殖水,39份虾养殖水中共有18份检测出氯霉素,检出率达46.2 %。  结论  UPLC/MS/MS方法灵敏度高、简便快速,适用于养殖水中低浓度的氯霉素含量测定;应加强对养殖、销售和运输各环节养殖用水的监管,从源头上监控氯霉素的使用。      

水产养殖水环境氯霉素污染状况研究

目的建立水产养殖水中痕量氯霉素的测定方法,了解福建省水产养殖水中氯霉素残留状况。方法养殖水经乙酸乙酯提取,旋蒸,复溶后,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC/MS/MS)测定。应用该方法对采集自福建省9个设区市和平潭实验区的养殖、运输、销售等环节的养殖水进行检测。结果 UPLC-串联质谱测定养殖水中痕量氯霉素残留的方法线性范围为0.010～0.500 ng/mL,线性方程为y=2.138 79x-2.055 01e-005,相关系数r=0.999 9,以取样量50 mL计,方法的最低检测限为0.000 2μg/L,3个水平加标回收率为80.5%～105%,相对标准偏差为3.31%～7.37%,方法灵敏度高、简便快速,适用于养殖水中低浓度的氯霉素含量测定。155份养殖水氯霉素残留状况检测结果显示,共31份检出氯霉素,检出率为20%;其中虾养殖水各环节的氯霉素检出率均明显高于鱼养殖水,39份虾养殖水中共有18份检测出氯霉素,检出率达46.2%。结论 UPLC/MS/MS方法灵敏度高、简便快速,适用于养殖水中低浓度的氯霉素含量测定;应加强对养殖、销售和运输各环节养殖用水的监管,从源头上监控氯霉素的使用。     

集贸市场特种经济鱼类常见病的检验与卫生处理(一)

特种经济鱼类,如鳜、鳗、鳝、鳢等,富含人体必需的氨基酸,且蛋白质含量高,脂肪含量低。因其营养丰富,味美可口而深受广大消费者的青睐。随着水产养殖业的发展和集约化养殖方式的普及,特种经济鱼类的市场占有率越来越高,但属冷血动物的特种经济鱼类也同许多温血动     

养殖鱼体邻苯二甲酸酯含量与分布特征

目的调查珠江三角洲及香港地区的养殖池塘3种淡水养殖鱼类(草鱼、鲫鱼和罗非鱼)体内6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的含量与分布特征。方法于2005年11月在珠江三角洲和香港地区采集草鱼、鲫鱼、罗非鱼,鱼肉样品经冻干处理,索氏抽提,氧化铝-硅胶柱净化,气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)检测。结果珠江三角洲地区鲫鱼、草鱼、罗非鱼体内邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)含量分别高达16.10、19.81和11.03 mg/kg(体重,干重);邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸丁辛酯(BOP)在3种鱼类体内的含量在3～10 mg/kg之间。邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的含量最低(0.54 mg/kg)。香港地区鲫鱼、草鱼、罗非鱼体内DEHP含量高达35.97、37.98、26.12 mg/kg,而DMP和DEP含量较低。结论养殖鱼类受PAEs的污染情况随地域的不同有较大差异,来自香港地区的养殖鱼类样品中6种PAEs含量高于珠江三角洲地区样品。     

某市郊区养殖池塘水产品及底泥中环境内分泌干扰物的调查

目的了解某市郊区养殖池塘水产品体内环境内分泌干扰物(EEDs)含量。方法于2007年12月选择该市郊区20个养殖池塘,每个养殖池设定3个采样点。在每个取样点分别取约500g的三种水产品(鱼、虾、蟹),同时取500g底泥。采用反相高效液相色谱法检测鱼、虾、,蟹的肌肉和内脏及底泥中二氯二苯二氯乙烯(p,p’-DDE)、4-壬基酚(4-NP)、邻苯二甲酸-2-乙基己酯(DEHP)的含量。结果 20个养殖池塘的水产品中均检出p,p’-DDE,最高含量3.125mg/kg;10个养殖池塘的水产品中检出DEHP,最高含量2.375mg/kg,4-NP污染较轻,仅在3个养殖池塘中检出,最高含量1.258mg/kg。水产品和底泥中均检出p,p’-DDE、4-NP、DEHP。结论该市郊区养殖池塘水产品和底泥已受到EEDs的污染,且以p,p’-DDE污染最为严重。     

地热水对环境和人体健康的影响

对福州、雄县等地的地热水水质、周围饮水、地面水、土壤、农作物、鱼及人体健康所作的调查表明:福州地热水中氯化物、总固体含量不高,但雄县地热水中氯化物和总固体的含量均超过农田灌溉水质标准,应防止土壤盐碱化;两地区地热水中的污染指标含量不高,但其有害成分氟化物的含量高达7.1～16.1mg/L,均超过农业灌溉、渔业用水标准及地面水最高允许浓度;地热水及其利用后的尾水直接排入外环境,使地热点附近的饮水、地面水及土壤受到不同程度的污染,其污染程度因南北方气候的差异而有所不同,地热点的蔬菜及地热水养殖的鱼体中氟化物的含量均高于对照点;被调查地区地热水中氟对人体健康的影响迄今尚未达到危害水平,小学生尿氟正常,氟斑牙尚未出现明显增长的趋势,但远期的影响不可忽视。     

微波消解-冷原子荧光光谱法测定螃蟹中汞的含量

目的使用冷原子荧光光谱法测定水产品中汞的含量,并调查苏州地产螃蟹中汞污染状况。方珐在微波消解条件、负高压和灯电流、载气流量、屏蔽气流量、溶液酸度、硼氢化钾浓度等影响汞测定因素下进行试验并予以优化;采集太湖、阳澄湖和池塘3个水系中养殖的螃蟹进行汞测定。结果该方法检出限为0．0016ug／L,相对标准偏差为3．6％,样品加标回收率为89．0％～108．9％;太湖螃蟹汞含量最高,为0．23mg／kg。结论该法简便、快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好、回收率高,可用于水产品中汞的检测。     

苏北某地区小龙虾重金属含量与养殖水体的相关性分析

目的了解小龙虾及其养殖水体常见重金属的含量及分布,探讨小龙虾重金属污染与养殖环境的关系。方法选择苏北某地区分别采集各点成年小龙虾及养殖塘水样,按国标采用石墨炉原子吸收或原子荧光法检测样品中砷、铅、汞、镉的含量,分析其在体内的分布及与养殖水体的相关性。结果小龙虾体内砷、铅、汞、镉检出率分别为100.0%、55.8%、56.7%和92.5%,含量超0.5mg/kg浓度水平的比重分别为34.2%、5.0%、10.0%及0。养殖塘水中铅、镉均未检出,砷、汞检出率为60.0%和20.0%,砷、汞超标率为20%和12%。小龙虾头部对砷、铅、镉的蓄积远高于尾部。养殖塘水砷和小龙虾尾砷、水汞与小龙虾尾汞之间存在相关关系。结论该地区小龙虾以砷、汞的含量最高,头部（虾黄）高于尾部（肌肉）,重金属含量与其养殖水体有关。     

八种花粉中脂肪酸组分分析

目前对花粉中氨基酸、维生素、矿物元素等营养成分的组成与功能有较为全面的了解，而对其中脂肪酸的组成缺乏广泛的调查研究。随着对脂肪酸功能的深入了解，人们发现脂肪酸不仅与抗动脉粥样硬化、预防冠心病等有关，而且在提高免疫功能及抗肿瘤等方面表现出潜在的价值。     

Implications of SCFAs on the Parameters of the Lipid and Hepatic Profile in Pregnant Women

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the product of the anaerobic intestinal bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber and resistant starch. An abnormal intestinal microbiota may cause a reduction in the production of SCFAs, which stimulate the development of intestinal epithelial cells, nourish enterocytes, influence their maturation and proper differentiation, reduce the pH, and are an additional source of energy for the host. There have been reports of the special role of SCFAs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation of SCFAs with lipid and hepatic metabolism during pregnancy in relation to the body weight of pregnant women. Material and methods: This study was conducted in pregnant women divided into two groups: Obese (OW—overweight and obese women; n = 48) and lean (CG—control group; n = 48) individuals. The biochemical plasma parameters of lipid metabolism (TG, CH, LDL, HDL), inflammation (CRP), and liver function (ALT, AST, GGT) were determined in all of the subjects. SCFA analysis was performed in the stool samples to measure acetic acid (C 2:0), propionic acid (C 3:0), isobutyric acid (C 4:0 i), butyric acid (C 4:0 n), isovaleric acid (C 5:0 i) valeric acid (C 5:0 n), isocaproic acid (C 6:0 i), caproic acid (C 6:0 n), and heptanoic acid (C 7:0). Results: Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of C 3:0 and C 6:0 n were found between women in the OW group compared to the CG group. The other SCFAs tested did not differ significantly depending on BMI. The C 2:0, C 3:0, and C 4:0 n ratios showed differences in both OW and CG groups. In the OW group, no relationship was observed between the concentrations of the SCFAs tested and CRP, ALT, AST. A surprising positive relationship between C 5:0 n and all fractions of the tested lipids and branched C 5:0 with CHL, HDL, and LDL was demonstrated. In the OW group, HDL showed a positive correlation with C 3:0. However, lower GGT concentrations were accompanied by higher C 4:0 and C 5:0 values, and this tendency was statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of our research show that some SCFAs are associated with hepatic lipid metabolism and CRP concentrations, which may vary with gestational weight. Obesity in pregnancy reduces the amount of SCFAs in the stool, and a decrease in the level of butyrate reduces liver function.     

染铝大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质代谢物含量的变化

目的观察三氯化铝 (AlCl3)对染毒大鼠尿中单胺类神经递质含量变化的影响 ,寻找早期生物学监测指标 ,为探讨铝的神经毒性作用机制提供依据。方法144只Wistar大鼠随机分为注射剂量分别为5.0、15.0、25.0mg/Kg的3个剂量组和生理盐水对照组。用原子吸收分光光度计测定尿铝含量 ,用高效液相色谱仪测定尿中高香草酸 (HVA)及香草扁桃酸 (VMA)含量。结果各时间剂量组大鼠尿铝均显著高于对照组 (P<0.01);尿中的HVA和VMA水平均较高 ,各时间剂量组VMA水平显著高于对照组 (P<0.01) ;25mg/kg组HVA也显著高于对照组 (P<0.05)。结论铝可影响单胺类神经递质代谢 ,尿铝和VMA可用作铝引起的中枢神经系统功能异常的早期生物学监测指标     

四种扇贝氨基酸和脂肪酸含量分析

四种扇贝氨基酸和脂肪酸含量分析段德麟，王远红，汪贻生，薛长湖，徐家敏（青岛海洋大学食品工程系，青岛２６６００３）关键词扇贝，氨基酸，脂肪酸ＡｎａｌｙｓｅｓｏｆＡｍｉｎｏＡｃｉｄａｎｄＦａｔｔｙＡｃｉｄＣｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｏｕｒＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＳｃ...     

ICS-1500型离子色谱仪在空气检测中的应用

[目的]利用免试剂ICS-1500型离子色谱仪对龙岩市化工厂车间空气中HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、H3PO4和HF进行检测。[方法]采用分析柱为容量高、亲水性强的Dionex IonPac AS19阴离子交换柱,EG40在线产生KOH淋洗液,等浓度泵作梯度淋洗消除干扰,直接进样电导检测5种酸阴离子。[结果]实际样品的加标回收率在97.8%~103.6%之间,5种混酸各含5.0μg/ml连续进样6次,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.17%~1.20%。[结论]本法应用于车间空气中酸阴离子的测定,简单、快速（一次分检时间为28 min）,重现性好、样品用量少,检出限及检测成本较低,尤其适用于大批样品多项目的测定。     

对苯二甲酸的致畸毒性研究

研究对苯二甲酸的致畸毒性,为制订卫生标准提供依据。方法：选择受孕的ＳＤ大鼠,通过灌胃途径在妊娠等７天给予ＴＰＡ,剂量组分别为：５０００、５０００、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,对照给予等量植物油,妊娠第２０天断颈处死动物,检查胎鼠内脏和骨骼有无异常。结果：５０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组母鼠体重增长量,胎鼠体重,体长均低于对照组,胎鼠内脏检查未见异常,骨骼检查仅见几例波状肋但无统计意义,其它未见异常。结论本次研究结果提     

食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸的测定方法改进

[目的]对食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸测定的前处理进行改进,以达到样品中待测组分提取完全,操作简便。[方法]于2004年3月对GB/T5009.29-2003食品中山梨酸、苯甲酸测定方法中前处理用分液漏斗代替比色管、提取由两次改为三次、提取残渣用丙酮直接定容。[结果]改进法回收率90.3%～96.8%、最低检出浓度0.012g/kg、RSD<6.4%。[结论]改进法操做简便、准确,灵敏度、准确度均符合实验要求。     

发育期补充鱼油对大鼠脑内脂肪酸组成及神经递质的影响

为观察发育期补充二十二碳六烯酸对大鼠脑内脂肪酸代谢和部分神经递质的变化,将孕鼠分为４组：正常对照组组（Ｏ）、添加ＤＨＡ的低（Ｌ）、中（Ｍ）、高（Ｈ）剂量组,于基础饲料中分别添加鱼油０、１７．５、３５和７０ｍｌ／ｋｇ,实验组饲料中的ＤＨＡ含量分别为７．５、１５和３０ｇ／ｋｇ。     

空气中四种羧酸的同时测定

目的 建立工作场所空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸4种羧酸同时测定的毛细管柱气相色谱方法.方法 硅胶管吸附空气中乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸,用丙酮解吸后毛细管柱气相色谱(FID)测定.结果 乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸浓度分别在3.4～500.0、2.1～500.0、2.9～500.0及1.6～500.0 μg/ml范围内线性关系良好;线性方程分别为:y=-4.3+1.46x(r=0.999);y=0.4+2.37x(r=0.999);y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999);y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999);检出限分别为3.4、2.1、2.9及1.6 μg/ml.若采集15 L空气样品,最低检出浓度分别为0.2、0.1、0.2及0.1 mg/m3;平均解吸效率分别为92.2%～92.8%、94.1%～97.4%、94.8%～95.4%及94.1%～98.3%;相对标准偏差分别为1.1%～4.0%、1.2%～7.8%、0.9%～4.0%及1.6%～4.8%.结论 本方法适用于工作场所空气中4种羧酸浓度的同时测定.

Abstract：

Objective Four kinds of acids (acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid) in the air in a workplace were quantitatively determined by gas chromatography synchronously.Methods Four acids in the air were adsorbed by silica gel tube sampling and solvent desorption using acetone,then analyzed by GC with FFAP capillary column.Results To acetic acid,propionic acid,acrylic acid and methylacrylic acid,the linear regression equations were respectively y=-4.3+1.46x (r=0.999),y=0.4+2.37x(r= 0.999),y=10.4+1.73x(r=0.999) and y=-2.3+3.21x(r=0.999).The detection limits were respectively 3.4μg/mL,2.1 μg/mL,2.9 μg/mL and 1.6 μg/mL.The average desorption efficiencies were respectively 92.2%~92.8%,94.1%～97.4%,94.8%～95.4% and 94.1%～98.3%.The relative standard deviations were 1.1%～4.0%,1.2%～ 7.8%,0.9%～4.0% and 1.6%~4.8%.Conclusion The method is suitable to determine four kinds of acids in the air in a workplace.     

Food use and health effects of soybean and sunflower oils.

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)