亚麻籽对血脂的调节作用

以国产亚麻籽(低、中、高3种剂量)喂饲Wistar大鼠32d,观察其对大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与总胆固醇的比值（HDL-C/TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白-B（Apo-B）及动脉硬化指标（AI）的影响,并与高脂饲料组和基础饲料组进行比较。结果,亚麻籽粉低、中、高剂量组的TC和LDL-C均显著低于高脂饲料组（P＜0.05）;中、高剂量组的TG、Apo-B及AI显著低于高脂饲料组（P＜0.05）,HDL-C/TC、AI显著高于高脂饲料组（P＜0.05）,而HDL-C则与高脂饲料组无显著差异（P＞0.05）。提示富含α-亚麻酸的国产亚麻籽具有良好的降低血脂的作用,值得进一步研究和开发。     

先春;罗晶;辛志勇;孔秀英;景蕊莲;吴振录;李杏普;中

0081,北京100083,北京100081,北京100081,北京100081,新疆乌鲁木齐830000,石家庄050031小麦;;产量;;慢病性;;分子标记;;常规育种国际小麦育种呈现四大特点:一是进一步提高小麦产量,通过保护性耕作降低生产成本;二是分子标记辅助选择已成为常规育种的重要组成部分;三是慢病性利用是抗病研究的主流方向;四是品质研究更注重营养特性。Trend Analysis of International Wheat BreedingHE Zhong-hu~(1,2),XIA Xian-chun~1,LUO Jing~3,XIN Zhi-yong~1,KONG Xiu-ying~1,JING Rui-lian~1,WU Zhen-lu~4,LI Xing-pu~5 (1.Crop Science Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;2.CIMM     

"痰"与"饮"同源异流

关于痰与饮的同源异流问题历来众说纷纭.从痰与饮的物质来源、形成过程来追溯其源流;又从二者的致病特点、所致疾病的治疗方法来阐述二者的异流,最后得出痰与饮同源异流的结论.     

继承·创新·发展

时间一天天流逝，思想在日复一日中不断深邃。思索让我们睿智，创新让我们充满朝气。回顾刚刚走完的2005年，捧出4年来的导报，你会发现我们对读者．对内容、对风格，对医学理念等思索的痕迹，也会体味我们在思索后创新的意识。我们不仅为广大读者奉献大量医学前沿信息，还在头版开设“医学信息点评”，让权威专家点评和解读信息所蕴含的深层次内涵；在秉承传播新知识、新理论、新技术、新观念的同时，我们深感医学不仅是一门自然科学技术，人性光芒和人文关怀思想也贯穿在整个医学的实践过程，希望“一方随笔”专栏能够为严肃和充满逻辑思维的医学丰富朴实的人文思想。     

鱼·鱼油·鱼肝油

鱼肉的最大贡献 鱼类食物之所以受到医学专家的推崇,不仅因其所含的蛋白质、维生素（如D、E、A）以及微量元素（如锌、铁）集于一体,更重要的是一种称为欧米加-3脂肪酸的特殊脂质含量“出类拔萃”。换言之,丰富的欧米加-3脂肪酸才是鱼类对人类健康的最大贡献。     

"升"加词头后符号用"L"不用"l"

单位升是我国法定单位,其符号为“L ,(l)”。我国推荐采用“L”,“l”为备用符号。目前出版的科技书刊中升的符号几乎均选用“L”,因此加词头后其符号也应用“L”,即毫升应写作“mL”,不用“ml”;微升应写作“μL”,不用“μl”。“升”加词头后符号用“L”不用“l”@吴淑芬     

从"两个凡是"到"两个突破"

从"两个凡是"到"两个突破",中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国实际相结合,形成了邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想和科学发展观三大理论创新成果.三大理论创新成果都是解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进的结果.创新性是它们共同的真谛.应随着时代、形势和实践的发展,坚持思维方式、理论的创新和实践的创新,不断地把社会主义事业和马克思主义理论推向前进.     

试论形而上学的"是"与"非"

形而上学在理论和生活实践中都存在正确性和局限性两个方面,全面客观认识形而上学的作用,克服传统认识中的误区,对于繁荣哲学、更好地贯彻科学发展观,具有重要的现实意义。     

《中图法》第五版中肾疾病类目调整建议

认为《中图法》第五版将"肾疾病"类目设置局限在泌尿外科之下是不完整的,应当根据医疗实际进行调整,将"肾疾病类目"放在R692类目下保留外科疾病类目,增设R577肾内科疾病类目,以方便肾内科医务人员找书。     

m7G相关lncRNAs是影响结肠癌患者预后和肿瘤微环境的潜在生物标志物

目的探讨m⁷G-lncRNAs能否作为结肠癌患者预后及肿瘤微环境的生物标志物。方法TCGA数据库筛选m⁷G-lncRNAs（|Pearson R|>0.4，P < 0.001），多因素Cox分析构建m⁷G-lncRNAs风险模型。使用ROC和C-index曲线对风险模型进行验证。构建诺莫图和诺莫图的校准曲线用于预测结肠癌患者的预后。点柱图和K-M生存曲线评估风险打分对患者临床分期和预后的影响。CIBERSORT和ESTIMATE探究高低风险组患者肿瘤微环境和免疫细胞浸润程度的联系，同时分析风险打分对结肠癌患者微卫星不稳定性，干细胞指数和免疫检查点表达的影响。使用相互作用基因搜索工具（STRING）构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络，挖掘m⁷G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点。最后，使用蛋白印迹实验在4对结肠癌组织与癌旁正常组织中验证这些关键靶点的表达。结果从TCGA数据库鉴别出1722个m⁷G-lncRNAs。多因素Cox分析筛选出12个lncRNAs用于构建风险模型，其中{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC003101.2","term_id":"117320639","term_text":"AC003101.2"}}AC003101.2、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC005014.2","term_id":"21747559","term_text":"AC005014.2"}}AC005014.2、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC008760.1","term_id":"5686311","term_text":"AC008760.1"}}AC008760.1、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC092944.1","term_id":"15135866","term_text":"AC092944.1"}}AC092944.1、AL1161729.4、AL301422.4、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AP001619.1","term_id":"7670573","term_text":"AP001619.1"}}AP001619.1、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AP003355.1","term_id":"13359070","term_text":"AP003355.1"}}AP003355.1和ZEB1-AS1为高风险lncRNAs，{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC025171.4","term_id":"8576140","term_text":"AC025171.4"}}AC025171.4、{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AC073957.3","term_id":"10048047","term_text":"AC073957.3"}}AC073957.3及TNFRSF10A-AS1为低风险lncRNAs。ROC曲线显示风险模型对患者1年、3年、5年生存预测的AUC值分别为0.727、0.747、0.794。诺莫图预测患者预后的AUC值为0.794，校准曲线显示诺莫图对患者生存的预测与患者实际的生存基本一致。高风险组患者的T分期（T1~T2 vs T3~T4：P=0.034）、N分期（N0 vs N2：P=7.8e-08；N1 vs N2：P=0.00081）以及M分期（M0 vs M1：P=0.007）均高于低风险组患者。低风险组患者常伴随高微卫星不稳定状态（MSS vs MSI-H：P=0.034）。肿瘤干性指数与风险得分呈负相关（r=-0.19；P=7.3e-05）。高风险组患者基质细胞打分（P=0.0028）以及总打分（P=0.007）明显高于低风险组患者较高，激活的肥大细胞（r=-0.11；P=0.045）和静息CD4+T细胞（r=-0.14；P=0.01）的表达也较低。多数免疫检查点在高风险患者中高表达（P < 0.05）。蛋白印迹实验表明m⁷G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点ATXN2（P=0.006）and G3BP1（P=0.007）在4对结肠癌组织中表达均高于配对的癌旁正常组织。结论12个m⁷G-lncRNAs构建的风险模型对结肠癌具有重要的预后价值，同时也能反映结肠癌患者肿瘤微环境及免疫治疗的疗效。     

肝细胞癌进展过程中的关键基因ATP1B3和ENAH的筛选与鉴定：基于数据挖掘和临床验证

目的筛选与肝细胞癌（HCC）预后、进展和临床诊断相关标记物。方法分析来自癌症基因组图谱数据库（TCGA）和基因表达综合（GEO）的TCGA-LIHC、{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE84432","term_id":"84432"}}GSE84432、{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE14323","term_id":"14323"}}GSE14323和{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE63898","term_id":"63898"}}GSE63898数据集。利用GEO2R和edge R包获得各疾病类型之间共同差异基因（DEG），并对DEG进行基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析。将DEG在TCGA-LIHC中正常和癌组织进行差异表达验证分析，挑选在HCC中上调基因。利用R语言进行生存分析、受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析、基因与患者临床特征关系分析。再通过RT-qPCR验证15对临床HCC和癌旁组织中基因的差异表达。结果数据库挖掘共获得118个共同DEG，挑选出2个基因：ATP酶Na+/K+转运亚基Beta 3（ATP1B3）和肌动蛋白调节器（ENAH），其表达随疾病进展升高。结合TCGA-LIHC数据集生存分析发现两者高表达与HCC患者不良预后显著相关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析ATP1B3和ENAH的AUC值分别是0.821和0.933。ATP1B3高表达与晚期病理T分期、Stage和Grade相关（P＜0.05），而ENAH高表达仅与晚期病理Grade有关（P＜0.05）。RT-qPCR结果发现，ATP1B3和ENAH在临床HCC组织中表达上调（P＜0.05）。结论ATPIB3和ENAH有望成为肝脏疾病恶化和肝细胞癌的不良预后标志物。     

Lactic acid bacterial extracts as anti-<Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis>: a molecular approach

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, the main cause of chronic gastritis, increases gastric cancer risk. Antibiotics-based H. pylori eradication treatment is 90 % effective. However, it is expensive and causes side effects and antibiotic resistance. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could present a low-cost, large-scale alternative solution to prevent or decrease H. pylori colonization.

Aim

This work aimed to study the inhibitory effects of LAB strains on the growth and pathogenic activity of H. pylori stains. To this end, we have selected the most virulent H. pylori strains (out of 20 mucosal antral biopsies) regarding cellular vacuolization and induction of apoptosis/necrosis.

Method

The selection of H. pylori pathogenic strains (clinically pre-isolated) were based on their impact of VacA activities on Hep-2 cell line, induction of apoptosis and necrosis in Caco-2 cell line. The Inhibitory effect of LAB strains on the invasion was carried out using the Caco-2 and Hela cell lines, where, they were co-cultured with the pathogenic H. pylori in the presence or absence of LAB extracts. The effect of LAB extracts on TNF-α secretion which induced by H. pylori-LPS was carried out by RT-qPCR.

Results

L. bulgaricus DSMZ 20080, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum (studied previously and reported as high antioxidant candidate strains) showed the highest anti-pylori activities with inhibition ranged from 51.46 to 88.19 %, they preventing the adhesion, invasion and DNA fragmentation of cell lines. In addition, they could reduce the TNF-α expression by 62.13 %.

Conclusion

LAB extracts could inhibit the bacterial adhesion and invasion, gastric inflammation and DNA fragmentation induced by Helicobacter pylori.

     

开展“学科馆员”工作的体会

介绍了作者从事"学科馆员"工作的经验与体会,对高校图书馆开展深层次文献信息服务的方式进行了探讨.     

CDK1、CCNB1和NDC80与乙型肝炎相关肝细胞癌的预后和进展相关：基于生物信息学方法

目的探讨HBV转化为HCC相关的关键基因，并探索相关的分子机制。方法分析基因表达综合（GEO）数据库中{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE55092","term_id":"55092"}}GSE55092、{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE84044","term_id":"84044"}}GSE84044和{"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE121248","term_id":"121248"}}GSE121248的mRNA微阵列数据，其中包括119个HBV相关的HCC组织和252个HBV相关的非肿瘤组织。“sva” R包用于去除批间差。进行整合分析，获取HBV相关肝癌和HBV组织中的差异表达基因（DEGs），通过基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析对差异表达基因进行功能注释。使用相互作用基因搜索工具（STRING）构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络，挖掘最重要的模块和关键基因。cBioportal用于分析hub基因的相关性。利用Kaplan-Meier和Oncomine数据库对TCGA数据库中肝癌基因表达数据进行验证，探讨hub基因与肝癌发生、发展和预后的关系。通过逆转录定量PCR（RT-qPCR）实验验证17对临床肝细胞癌样本与邻近非肿瘤组织中hub基因的表达。结果共获得121个DEGs（P＜0.01），鉴定出3个遗传标记，细胞周期素依赖性激酶1（CDK1）、细胞周期蛋白B1（CCNB1）和核分裂周期蛋白80（NDC80），与细胞周期、嘧啶代谢和DNA复制有关，这3个基因高度相关（P＜0.05）。UALCAN数据库证实这些基因在肝癌组织中高表达并获得相关预后信息。Kaplan-Meier表明，它们与HCC患者的低存活率相关。CDK1、CCNB1和NDC80与肝癌分级相关（P＜0.05），RT-qPCR实验证实CDK1、CCNB1和NDC80的mRNA在肝细胞癌中的表达明显高于癌旁组织。结论CDK1、CCNB1和NDC80基因可作为HBV相关肝细胞癌的预后标志物，在肝癌的基础研究和临床治疗方面有一定的应用价值。     

Ⅳ型胶原α5链基因突变致奥尔波特综合征两家系遗传学分析

目的分析奥尔波特（Alport）综合征的遗传学特征。方法对原因不明的反复尿检异常的2名先证者进行基于高通量测序技术的全外显子组测序，通过基因突变的致病性、孟德尔遗传规律和临床表型的综合分析，筛选出致病的基因突变，最后通过Sanger测序在家系成员中验证基因突变。结果两个家系中分别鉴定出 COL4A5基因上的2个杂合性剪接位点突变：c.2147-2A > T（IVS27）和c.646-2A > G（IVS11）（{"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"NM_033380","term_id":"1677501183","term_text":"NM_033380"}}NM_033380），且这2个杂合突变分别与2个家系的患病成员呈现共分离关联。 结论Alport综合征主要通过女性直系患者遗传，临床上可以通过有效的遗传咨询进行产前诊断。     

上颌前牙宽度的"黄金比例"研究进展

随着人们对美观的要求的不断提高,传统正畸治疗中单纯的排齐牙列,适当的改善面型已经不能满足部分患者的需求,而在微笑时所暴露的上颌前牙成为了大多数正畸患者最为关注、最为重视的问题.本文就上颌中切牙与侧切牙、侧切牙与尖牙的近远中宽度比例的国内外的研究进展以及面部重要解剖标志对上颌前牙宽度"黄金比例"的意义作一综述,进一步了解上颌前牙宽度的"黄金比例",从而指导正畸的临床工作,并为正畸-修复以及正畸-种植联合治疗作出参考.     

Research and Development of Neurological and Psychiatric Drugs Supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of “Major New Drugs R&D”

National Science and Technology Major Project of "Major New Drugs R&D" have made great achievements during nearly 10 years since it was launched in 2008. In major drug research and development, a batch of innovative drugs for treatment of major diseases which seriously endanger the health of our people, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disease, bacterial and virus bacterial infection diseases, etc., have been successfully developed. On the other hand, a number of common clinical drugs have been reformed technically and the qualities of them are improved significantly, aiming at the requirements of clinical medication. The research and development of new drugs of neuropsychiatric diseases are one of the important field supported by "Major New Drugs R&D" project. Up to now, more that 180 new drug projects of neuropsychiatric diseases in different research and development stages have been supported by the project, and some of them have made significant progresses and show potential and good prospects for development. For example, Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides, an antidepressant, has been approved and available to the public. 971, a new drug for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, has completed phase III clinical trials and obtained very good and encouraging results. Orcinoside, an antidepressant, is undergoing Phase II clinical trials. The research of sustained-release microsphere of antipsychotic drug, risperidone, has made significant progress.
The period of the 13th Five-Year Plan is the final five years and final stage for implementation of "Major New Drugs R&D" Project. With the economic and social development, the demands of protecting health and improving people's livelihood are even greater and stronger. Thus, it is of great significance to implement "Major New Drugs R&D" Project better and faster. During the 13th Five-Year Plan, the project fully implements the innovation-driven development strategy, and further focuses on its purpose, emphasizes the key points and accelerates implementation according to the principle of focus development. Further more, the project focuses on new drug research and development and the related key technology studies, and strengthens the construction of innovation capabilities. The main tasks have been arranged according to the “Three Importance” principle which means research and development of major new drugs, meeting important needs and solving important problems, so that to make the aims and tasks of the project more focused and clearer. Next, the development strategy study of the14th Five-Year Plan for "Major New Drugs R&D" project will be initiated. The research and development of neuropsychiatric drugs would still be a major field in the project. On one hand, "Major New Drugs R&D" project would further advance of technological innovation and research innovative drugs. Meanwhile, based on long-term development, the project would support and strengthen the related basic research of neuropsychiatric disease, translate and apply the results of basic research to provide rich knowledge for new drugs research and development. On the other hand, fully taking advantage of traditional Chinese medicine to discover and develop new neuropsychiatric drugs from traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance with a broad application perspective.     

带“-”原癌基因及原癌基因蛋白质的检索技巧探讨

利用国内外医学权威数据库,对带"-"原癌基因及原癌基因蛋白质中易漏检的一些问题,通过检索实例进行比较,探讨如何提高文献检索的查全率和查准率.