Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography to determine resectability of primary lung cancer

PURPOSE: Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography integrated with computed tomography (FDGPET/CT) was evaluated as a routine staging technique for primary lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively compared FDG-PET/CT in determining clinical stage and surgical indication with conventional staging not including positron emission tomography (PET). A total of 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer by cytological or histological examination were studied; 20 of them underwent surgery. RESULTS: Discrepancies between the two staging methods were observed in 14 patients (28%). The stage assigned by PET increased in 12 cases (24%) and decreased in 2 (4%). PET staging was accurate in eight cases with otherwise undetected distant metastases (M1) but was incorrect in six cases, including five where it overdiagnosed nodal metastases (N). Two clinical N3 patients (4%) would have missed a chance of surgery if the surgical indication had been determined by PET staging alone. According to our criteria for surgery, other patients were assigned correctly to surgery by PET staging. The maximum standard uptake value (maxSUV) of all primary lesions ranged from 0 to 23.0 (mean +/- SD, 8.0 +/- 4.4). The mean maxSUV among surgical cases (5.8 +/- 3.6) was significantly smaller than among nonsurgical cases (9.5 +/- 4.2) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Staging examination including FDG-PET/CT and brain magnetic resonance imaging ordinarily can determine the clinical stage and resectability of primary lung cancer. False-positive findings in regional lymph nodes, possibly reflecting past infectious disease, are the most important remaining problem.     

Computed tomography versus frozen sections for distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma: A cohort study of concordance rate

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) imaging can help to predict the pathological invasiveness of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma and guide surgical resection. This retrospective study investigated whether CT imaging could distinguish pre-invasive lung adenocarcinoma from IAC. It also compared final pathology prediction accuracy between CT imaging and intraoperative frozen section analysis.MethodsThis study included 2093 patients with early-stage peripheral lung adenocarcinoma who underwent CT imaging and intraoperative frozen section analysis between March 2013 and November 2014. Nodules were classified as ground-glass (GGNs), part-solid (PSNs), and solid nodules according to CT findings; they were classified as pre-IAC and IAC according to final pathology. Univariate, multivariate, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate whether CT imaging could distinguish pre-IAC from IAC. The concordance rates of CT imaging and intraoperative frozen section analyses with final pathology were also compared to determine their accuracies.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified tumor size as an independent distinguishing factor. ROC curve analyses showed that the optimal cut-off sizes for distinguishing pre-IAC from IAC for GGNs, PSNs, and solid nodules were 10.79, 11.48, and 11.45 mm, respectively. The concordance rate of CT imaging with final pathology was significantly greater than the concordance rate of intraoperative frozen section analysis with final pathology (P = 0.041).ConclusionCT imaging could distinguish pre-IAC from IAC in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Because of its accuracy in predicting final pathology, CT imaging could contribute to decisions associated with surgical extent. Multicenter standardized trials are needed to confirm the findings in this study.     

Computed tomography and histologic limits in glial neoplasms: Tumor types and selection for volumetric resection

Selective and accurate resection of any computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) defined intracranial volume is possible by employing imaging-based computer-assisted volumetric stereotactic methods. Although the target volume can be any intracranial lesion, volumetric resection techniques were most frequently applied to the most commonly referred intraaxial lesions: glial neoplasms located in eloquent brain regions. Requirements for understanding of glial neoplasms as target volumes prompted investigations of the three-dimensional spatial configuration of these lesions, their histologic margins, and the accuracy with which these margins could be detected on CT and MRI. Stereotactic serial biopsy studies have shown that glial neoplasms frequently comprise two elements: tumor tissue and isolated tumor cells which infiltrate brain parenchyma. The tumor tissue component of high grade gliomas is most accurately defined by the volume which exhibits contrast enhancement. However, tumor tissue in low grade (nonpilocytic) gliomas is usually indistinguishable from infiltrated parenchyma on CT and MRI; both are hypodense on CT and do not usually exhibit contrast enhancement. Stereotactic serial biopsy is the only reliable method by which CT hypodense tumor tissue can be differentiated from infiltrated parenchyma in low grade (nonpilocytic) astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed gliomas. Stereotactic volumetric resection of infiltrated parenchyma defined by CT/MRI is advisable only in nonessential brain regions. In eloquent brain areas, stereotactic resection is appropriate for the glial tumor tissue component of high grade glial neoplasms, pilocytic astrocytomas, and low grade CT hypodense gliomas in which a stereotactic serial biopsy procedure has confirmed tumor tissue only.     

Midterm survival of imaging-assisted robotic lung segmentectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOur goal was to report our midterm results using imaging-assisted modalities with robotic segmentectomies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODSThis was a retrospective study of all robotic segmentectomies, with confirmed NSCLC, performed at our general and thoracic surgery unit in the Rouen University Hospital (France), from January 2012 through December 2019. Benign and metastatic lesions were excluded. Data were extracted from the EPITHOR French nationwide database.RESULTSA total of 121 robotic segmentectomies were performed for 118 patients with a median age of 65 (interquartile range: 60, 69) years. The majority had clinical stage T1aN0M0 (71.9%) or T1bN0M0 (13.2%). The mean (standard deviation) number of resected segments was 1.93 (1.09) with 80.2% imaging-assisted segmentectomies. Oriented (according to tumour location) or systematic lymphadenectomy or sampling was performed for 72.7%, 23.1% and 4.1% of patients. The postoperative course was uneventful for 94 patients (77.7%), whereas 34 complications occurred for 27 patients (22.3%), including 2 patients (1.7%) with Clavien-Dindo ≥III complications. The mean thoracic drainage duration was 4.12 days, and the median hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range: 3, 5) after the operation. The 2-year survival rate was 93.9% (95% confidence interval: 86.4–97.8%). Excluding stage IV (n = 3) and stage 0 tumours (n = 6), the 2-year survival rate was 95.7% (95% confidence interval: 88.4–98.8%) compared to an expected survival rate of 94.0% according to stage-specific survival rates found in a large external reference cohort.CONCLUSIONSImaging-guided robotic-assisted thoracic surgery segmentectomy seems to be useful and oncological with good midterm results, especially for patients with early-stage NSCLC.     

Computed tomography assessment of postoperative gastric vascular supply and staple-line leak development after sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundResidual arterial supply of the gastric tube after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can be damaged by surgery, which can reduce gastric tube perfusion and could promote postoperative leakage.ObjectiveTo compare the postoperative vascularization of the gastric tube using early computed tomography (CT) scanning after SG in patients with or without postoperative staple-line leak.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospective database was performed in consecutive patients undergoing SG. Patients who presented with a staple-line leak were matched (1:3) with a control group of patients who underwent surgery without postoperative morbidity during the same period. Gastric tube vascularization was studied on a postoperative day 2 CT scan in both groups of patients.ResultsDuring the study period, 1826 patients underwent SG, including 42 patients (2.3%) who presented with a staple-line leak. Those 42 patients were successfully matched to 126 control patients. Global identification of residual gastric arterial supply in early postoperative CT scans was similar in patients with or without staple-line leak after SG. However, residual vascular supply of the gastroesophageal junction (i.e., terminal and anterior cardiotuberosity branches of the left gastric artery or left inferior phrenic artery) was more frequently interrupted by the staple line in the group of patients who developed a gastric leak.ConclusionThis study suggests a correlation between interruption of the main arteries supplying the gastroesophageal junction by the staple line on early postoperative CT scans and the development of gastric leak after SG. These results support the vascular theory as one of the causes of leak after SG.     

单孔全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌

目的总结单孔全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床经验。 方法回顾性分析2014年5月至2015年3月在福建医科大学附属协和医院胸外科行单孔全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗27例早期NSCLC患者的临床病例资料。采用双腔气管内插管、健侧单肺通气,于腋前线第4或第5肋间做一个长4～5 cm的手术切口,先完成解剖性肺段切除,如术中病理证实为NSCLC则进一步行纵隔淋巴结清扫或采样。主要观察指标包括围手术期资料(手术时间、出血量、引流管放置时间、住院时间等)、肿瘤手术效果(淋巴结切除总数、纵隔淋巴结切除站数、纵隔淋巴结切除数)及术后疼痛评分。 结果所有病例均在单孔全胸腔镜下完成手术,无增加辅助腔镜切口、无中转开胸病例。无围手术期死亡病例,有3例患者发生并发症(肺部感染2例,心律失常1例),经治疗后均痊愈,并发症发生率为11.1%。27例早期NSCLC患者的平均手术时间(192.2±56.1)min,术中出血量(83.8±50.5)ml,术后拔管时间(4.5±1.3)d,术后住院时间(6.2±2.7)d,术后疼痛VAS评分(3.4±0.9)分。手术效果显示：每例患者平均淋巴结切除总数(13.7±5.3)枚,纵隔淋巴结切除总数(9.5±4.3)枚,纵隔淋巴结切除站数(5.6±1.3)站。 结论在有丰富腔镜手术经验的治疗中心,单孔全胸腔镜解剖性肺段切除术治疗早期NSCLC在技术上是安全可行的,是一种更为微创的手术方法。     

Lobectomy versus segmentectomy: a propensity score-matched comparison of postoperative complications,pulmonary function and prognosis

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESTo demonstrate the differences in clinical outcomes between lobectomy and segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer using propensity score matching.METHODSA single-centre, retrospective, matched cohort study was conducted in clinical T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated by surgery between 2012 and 2019. Differences in freedom from recurrence, overall survival, postoperative complications, chest drainage and preservation of pulmonary function between lobectomy and segmentectomy were evaluated using the propensity score model. Matched variables of patients were age, sex, comorbidity index and pulmonary function. Matched variables of tumours were tumour size, T-stage, fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography, histopathology, lobe site and tumour distance ratio from the hilum.RESULTSOf the 112 patients treated by lobectomy and 233 patients treated by segmentectomy, 93 patients each from both groups were selected after the matching. The median tumour distance ratio from hilum was 0.7 in lobectomy and 0.8 in segmentectomy group (P = 0.59), i.e. almost outer third tumour location. There were no significant differences in freedom from recurrence (P = 0.38), overall survival (P = 0.51), postoperative complications (P = 0.94), drainage period (P = 0.53) and prolonged air leakage (P = 0.82) between the two. Median preservation of pulmonary function was 93.2% after segmentectomy, which was significantly higher than 85.9% after lobectomy (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSFreedom from recurrence, overall survival, postoperative complications and chest drainage were similar between segmentectomy and lobectomy. Segmentectomy could be one of the options for clinical T1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer located outer third as well as being able to preserve pulmonary function better than lobectomy.Clinical trial registration

• Name: Retrospective analysis of segmentectomy and lobectomy for cT1N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer
• Date of approval: February 2014
• Number of IRB approval: 14-003.

     

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for small peripheral lung cancer tumors: intermediate results

Background We investigated the feasibility and suitability of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy for curing selected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with this less invasive technique Methods We performed VATS segmentectomy for small (<20 nm) peripherally located tumors and pathologically confirmed lobar lymph node-negative disease by frozen-section examination during surgery. Of the 34 patients who underwent this limited resection, 22 were treated with complete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (intentional group), whereas 12 patients who were deemed to be high risk in their toleration for lobectomy underwent VATS segmentectomy with incomplete hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection (compromised group). The surgical and clinical parameters were evaluated and compared with those of segmentectomy under standard thoracotomy to evaluate the technical feasibility of VATS segmentectomy. Results We found that VATS segmentectomy could be performed safely with a nil mortality rate and acceptably low morbidity. The mean period of observation was relatively short at 656.7±572.1 and 783.4±535.8 days in the intentional and compromised groups, respectively. At the time of writing, all intentional patients remain alive and free of recurrence. There were two cases of non-cancer-related death in the compromised group. Clinical data indicated that VATS segmentectomy caused the same number or fewer surgical insults compared with segmen-tectomy under standard thoractomy Conclusions The present results are intermediate only; the rate of long-term survival and the advantages of the less invasive procedure still need further investigation. Nevertheless, we believe that VATS segmentectomy with complete lymph node dissection is a reasonable treatment option for selected patients with small peripheral NSCLC.     

Robot-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection aimed at solo surgery for primary lung cancer

The surgical robotic system has been advanced as a tool that enables surgeons to perform precision operations of high quality. Many reports have been presented in cardiovascular surgery using the robotic system, but its use is uncommon in general thoracic surgery. We describe our two experiences with single-surgeon video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy for primary lung cancer using a remote-controlled robot, named Naviot, to manipulate an endoscope. We believe that Naviot might be one of the robotic devices whose use could lead to solo surgery, even for complicated thoracoscopic procedures such as anatomical pulmonary resections with lymph node dissection.     

非小细胞肺癌术后随访中国胸外科专家共识

外科手术是非小细胞肺癌的重要治疗手段,其术后定期随访是早期发现和治疗肿瘤复发转移或第二原发肿瘤的有效方法,可提高患者的生活质量,改善预后.本共识旨在完善我国非小细胞肺癌患者术后随访方案,为负责非小细胞肺癌患者术后随访的同道提供参考,进一步提高我国肺癌规范化诊疗水平.     

The superiority of exercise testing over spirometry in the evaluation of postoperative lung function for patients with pulmonary disease

Thoracic surgeons have often been embarrassed by the discrepancy between an improvement in symptoms and the unchanged or even worse results of spirometry in postoperative patients with either bullae or inflammatory lung disease. Forty-four patients with lung diseases, who underwent a total of 47 operations, were categorized as follows: 12 cases of empyema, 16 cases of giant bulla (undergoing surgery a total of 19 times), 4 cases of bronchiectasis, and 12 cases of other miscellaneous diseases. All patients were tested preoperatively and again 4–6 months after surgery on both the spirometer and treadmill exercise tests. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV_1.0) results were as follows: the empyema group 1.82±0.52 liters preoperatively to 1.93±0.69 liters postoperatively and 1.47±0.44 liters to 1.56±0.53 liters, respectively; and the giant bulla group, 3.49±0.96 liters to 3.35±0.77 liters and 2.35±0.96 liters to 2.48±0.69 liters, respectively. However, the exercise time was prolonged in the empyema group from 6.00±3.77 min to 8.33±3.80 min (P<0.01) and in the giant bulla group from 11.83±3.71 min to 12.92±2.84 min (P<0.05). It was thus concluded that exercise testing should be chosen for the postoperative evaluation of patients with inflammatory pulmonary disease and giant bullae, especially if any discrepancies are seen between spirometry and performance status, because on the basis of our results, it appears that the benefits obtained by surgery are best measured by the dynamic values of exercise testing and not by the static values of spirometry at rest.     

A contemporary evaluation of pulmonary function in children undergoing lung resection in infancy

Background/Purpose

The management of asymptomatic congenital lung lesions is controversial. Some centers recommend resection in infancy, and others prefer observation. Our objective was to evaluate the pulmonary function of children who underwent lung resection at 12 months or younger. We hypothesized that these children would not have a significant reduction in pulmonary function when compared with norms for age.

Methods

All patients at 2 tertiary-care children's hospitals who underwent lung resection at 12 months or younger and are currently older than 5 years were identified and prospectively recruited. Pulmonary function testing was standardized in all patients.

Results

Fourteen children were tested prospectively, whereas results were available for another 5 children. Four children were excluded for inability to perform pulmonary function testing (n = 2) or for preexisting pulmonary hypoplasia/syndrome (n = 2). Pulmonary function testing values were considered normal if they were more than 80% of predicted. Forced vital capacity was normal in 14 (93%) of 15 children, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second was normal in 13 (86%) of 15 children. Diffusion capacity and respiratory muscle strength were normal in all children tested.

Conclusions

Most children undergoing lung resection in infancy will have normal pulmonary function tests, supporting our philosophy of early, elective resection of congenital lung lesions.     

Anatomical segmentectomy versus pulmonary lobectomy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: patients selection and outcomes from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database analysis

OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe the potential selection criteria for patients scheduled for lobectomy versus segmentectomy for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer and to compare the 2 procedures in terms of intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes using the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) Registry.Open in a separate windowMETHODSThis observational multicentre retrospective cross-sectional study was based on data collected from the ESTS database. The following were set as inclusion criteria: pulmonary lobectomy or segmentectomy for stage I primary lung cancer (according to 8th TNM edition), no previous lung surgery and no induction chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Statistical significance was examined using Mann–Whitney or 2 proportions Z tests.RESULTSAmong 63 542 patients enrolled in the ESTS database (2007–2018), 17 692 met the inclusion criteria: 15 845 patients received lobectomy and 1847 segmentectomy. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) lobectomy and VATS segmentectomy were the 27.8% and 31.9% of the procedures, respectively. Lobectomy group was significantly younger and had a lower American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) score, lower comorbidities prevalence and better respiratory function. The segmentectomy group had lower complications rate (25.6% vs 33.8%). When considering only the last 5 years, ASA score was similar between the 2 groups, although pulmonary function remained significantly lower in the segmentectomy group.CONCLUSIONSAccording to the ESTS database, segmentectomy was preferably offered to ‘compromised’ patients, with limited respiratory function, higher ASA score and relevant comorbidities. Nevertheless, the procedure showed lower complications rate and similar short-term outcomes compared to lobectomy. During the last 5 years, segmentectomy appeared to be regarded as a valid alternative, even for selected patients who could tolerate both procedures.     

Atelectasis and lung function in the postoperative period

Thirteen patients with healthy hearts and lungs, and with a mean age of 68 years, who were scheduled for lower abdominal surgery during isoflurane anaesthesia with muscular paralysis, were investigated with arterial blood gases, spirometry, pulmonary x-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the chest before and during anaesthesia, as well as during the first 4 postoperative days. Before anaesthesia, lung function and gas exchange were normal in all patients. Pulmonary x-ray and CT scans of the lungs were also normal. During anaesthesia, 6 of 13 patients developed atelectasis (mean 1.0% of intrathoracic transverse area in all patients). Two hours postoperatively, 11 of 13 patients had atelectasis and the mean atelectatic area was 1.8%. Pao2 was significantly reduced by 2.1 kPa to 9.8 kPa. On the first postoperative day, the mean atelectasis was unaltered (1.8%). None of the atelectasis found on CT scanning could be detected on standard pulmonary x-ray. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) were significantly decreased to 2/3 of preoperative level. Pao2 was significantly reduced to less than 80% of the preoperative level (mean 9.4 kPa). There were significant correlations between the atelectatic area and the impairment in FVC, FEV1, and Pao2. Spirometry and blood gases improved during the succeeding postoperative days, and atelectasis decreased. No patient suffered from pulmonary complications, as judged from clinical criteria and pulmonary x-ray, in contrast to the findings of atelectasis in 85% of the patients by computed tomography.     

Role of Computed tomography in predicting prognosis of Hepatic portal venous gas

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to report through 13 cases the particularities of abdominal computed tomography (CT) aspects of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) and its correlation with patient prognosis.MethodsWe analyzed abundance of HPVG and its association with pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) in correlation with fatal outcome using chi-square tests.ResultsEtiologies were mesenteric infarction (n = 5), sigmoid diverticulitis (n =  1), septic shock (n = 1), postoperative peritonitis (n = 1), acute pancreatitis (n = 1), iatrogenic cause (n = 3) and idiopathic after a laparotomy (n = 1). The outcome was fatal in for 6 patients. Abundance of HPV was expressed in total number of hepatic segments involved. The involvement of 3 or more segments was a sensitive sign for lethal outcome with high sensitivity (100%) but it was not specific (50%). Negative predictive value of this sign was 100% (p ≤ 0.005). Positive predictive value of PI for death was 100% (p ≤ 0.001).DiscussionAbundance of HPVG is correlated with prognosis. The presence of PI announces poor outcome Negative predictive value of presence of HPVG in 3 or more segments is interesting. Predicting prognosis with CT can help surgeons to assess the most adequate treatment. Iatrogenic causes are increasingly described after interventional radiology procedures with favorable course.ConclusionThe first etiology radiologists should look for in front of HPVG involving more than 3 hepatic segments and associated with PI is intestinal necrosis which announces a poor prognosis. This study shows that outside of shock situations, HPVG involving 2 or less hepatic segments without PI predicts a good outcome.     

Low thoracic muscle mass index on computed tomography predicts adverse outcomes following lobectomy via thoracotomy for lung cancer

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to determine whether the preoperative thoracic muscle mass is associated with postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing lobectomy via thoracotomy for lung cancer.METHODSConsecutive patients undergoing lobectomy were retrospectively reviewed. The thoracic muscle mass index (TMMI) was obtained at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra on preoperative thoracic computed tomography (CT). Patients were analysed comparatively by being dividing into low and high muscle index groups by the median of sex-specific TMMI. The primary outcomes were the incidence of any or postoperative pulmonary complications. The secondary outcomes were postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay (LOS) in the ICU, total hospital LOS, readmission and mortality.RESULTSThe study population consisted of 120 patients (63.6 ± 9.8 years; 74% male). Each groups included 60 patients. Major complications occurred in 28.3% (34/120) and readmission in 18.3% (22/120) of patients. The adjusted multivariable analysis showed that each unit increase in TMMI (cm²/m²) was independently associated with the rates of less any complications [odds ratio (OR) 0.92, P = 0.014], pulmonary complications (OR 0.27, P = 0.019), ICU admission (OR 0.76, P = 0.031), hospitalization for >6 days (OR 0.90, P = 0.008) and readmission (OR 0.93, P = 0.029).CONCLUSIONSLow TMMI obtained from the preoperative thoracic CT is an independent predictor of postoperative adverse outcomes in patients following lobectomy via thoracotomy for lung cancer. TMMI measurements may contribute to the development of preoperative risk stratification studies in the future.     

Computed tomography of the brain in predicting outcome of traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in Malaysian patients

Summary  Head injury is a significant economic, social and medical problem all over the world. Road accidents are the most frequent cause of head injury in Malaysia with highest risk in the young (15 to 24 years old). The associated outcomes include good recovery, possibility of death for the severely injured, which may cause disruption of the lives of their family members. It is important to predict the outcome as it will provide sound information to assist clinicians in Malaysia in providing prognostic information to patients and their families, to assess the effectiveness of different modes of treatment in promoting recovery and to document the significance of head injury as a public health problem.  Results. A total of 103 cases with intracranial haemorrhage i.e. intracerebral haemorrhage, extradural haemorrhage, subdural haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage, haemorrhagic contusion and subarachnoid haemorrhage, following motor vehicle accidents was undertaken to study factors contributing to either good or poor outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Patients below 12 years of age were excluded. The end point of the study was taken at 24 months post injury.  The selected variables were incorporated into models generated by logistic regression techniques of multivariate analysis to see the significant predictors of outcome as well as the correlation between the CT findings with GCS.  Conclusion. Significant predictors of outcome were GCS on arrival in the accident emergency department, pupillary reflex and the CT scan findings. The CT predictors of outcome include ICH, EDH, IVH, present of SAH, site of ICH, volumes of EDH and SDH as well as midline shift.     

A radiomics model can distinguish solitary pulmonary capillary haemangioma from lung adenocarcinoma

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESSolitary pulmonary capillary haemangioma (SPCH) is a benign lung tumour that presents as ground-glass nodules on computed tomography (CT) images and mimics lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to establish a discriminant model using a radiomic feature analysis to distinguish SPCH from lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma.METHODSIn the adenocarcinoma group, all tumours were of the lepidic-predominant subtype with high purity (>70%). A classification model was proposed based on a two-level decision tree and 26 radiomic features extracted from each segmented lesion. For comparison, a baseline model was built with the same 26 features using a support vector machine as the classifier. Both models were assessed by the leave-one-out cross-validation method.RESULTSThis study included 13 and 49 patients who underwent complete resection for SPCH and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Two sets of features were identified for discrimination between the 2 different histology types. The first set included 2 principal components corresponding to the 2 largest eigenvalues for the root node of the two-level decision tree. The second set comprised 4 selected radiomic features. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity were 0.954, 91.9%, 92.3% and 91.8% in the proposed classification model, and were 0.805, 85.5%, 61.5% and 91.8% in the baseline model, respectively. The proposed classification model significantly outperformed the baseline model (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe proposed model could differentiate the 2 different histology types on CT images, and this may help surgeons to preoperatively discriminate SPCH from adenocarcinoma.     

CT在Pilon骨折术前评估中的意义

目的探讨CT对胫骨远端Pilon骨折术前评估的意义。方法总结了2000年1月～2005年6月具有完整X线片及CT随访资料的Pilon骨折52例,术前评估结合X线片和关节面CT平扫对骨折进行分型,并描绘骨折线的走行,测量骨折角,分析关节骨块的解剖特点。根据软组织条件、骨折类型、骨折线走行、骨折角、关节骨块位置设计个性化的治疗方案。石膏固定5例,闭合复位经皮螺钉固定加石膏外固定5例,微创钢板接骨术(MIPPO)技术钢板固定治疗17例,外固定结合有限内固定16例,切开复位内固定治疗9例。结果术后平均随访17.2个月。CT改变了9例Rüedi-Allgwer分型,21例发现了新的骨折块。CT平扫中主要骨折线呈冠状面走行的占61.5%,呈矢状面走行的占34.6%,对这两类骨折采用了不同的入路和内固定方式。用Mazur方法评估术后功能:优30例,良13例,可8例,差1例,总优良率82.7%,Ⅲ型的优良率为57.1%,CT显示有冲床死骨的优良率仅为44.4%。结论结合CT对Pilon骨折分型更准确;Ⅲ型骨折只要软组织条件允许,应切开复位关节面骨折;依据主要骨折线的走行和骨块的位置选择切口和内固定方式;对冲床死骨需直视下复位,但此类病例预后较差。     

Computed tomography appearance of Hem-o-lok clips in patients who have undergone laparoscopic nephrectomy or nephroureterectomy

Background and Objectives:

Hem-o-lok clips are safe and reliable for controlling the renal vasculature. We retrospectively evaluated the CT appearance of Hem-o-lok clips in patients who had undergone laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) or nephroureterectomy (LRU) as well as their appearance on ex vivo CT scans.

Methods:

Between January 2006 and December 2006, 19 patients underwent LRN or LRU, and their CT images were reviewed within 5 postoperative months. The Hem-o-lok clips were radiopaque in all of the patients’ CT images, and their radiodensity value was 222 Hounsfield Units (HU). To confirm that Hem-o-lok clips are radiopaque on CT images, an ex vivo CT scan was performed.

Results:

We confirmed that these clips are radiopaque on CT images and that they have a radiodensity of 223 HU.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the Hem-o-lok clips are radiopaque on CT images. It is important for urologists and radiologists to be aware of the CT appearance of Hem-o-lok clips when following up patients who have undergone LRN or LRU.