颅面联合切除侵及颞下凹和中颅底的颌面部肿瘤

目的：探讨手术治疗侵入颞下凹或中颅底的颌面部肿瘤的相关问题。方法：报告５例采用颅面联合切除方法治疗腮腺肿瘤、颧骨巨细胞瘤和三叉神经恶性神经鞘瘤。结果：５例患者手术全部成功。结论：先颅外后颅内的手术方式能减少手术危险性,中颅底处理中不可进入茎突、翼钩连线以内,首选旋转颞肌瓣修复颅底缺损并填塞颞下凹死腔。     

侧颅底肿瘤的手术入路和修复重建

目的侧颅底肿瘤的外科治疗极具挑战,本研究探讨侧颅底肿瘤开放手术入路及修复重建选择。方法 2009年8月至2018年1月,北京口腔医院头颈肿瘤团队完成的侧颅底肿瘤患者196例,纳入本研究。结果 42 例为腮腺深叶或咽旁肿瘤,30例为颞下窝恶性肿瘤或交界性肿瘤,无颅内外沟通,124例为颅内外沟通肿瘤。16例应用腮腺浅叶切除后下颌支后缘入路,43例应用颌下切口-下颌骨暂时性离断入路,13例应用冠-面联合切口,面神经暂时性离断或下颌骨升支及乳突切除入路,124例颅内外沟通肿瘤采用多学科联合手术,冠-面联合切口或颞枕开颅-颅颈联合入路。155例接受了组织瓣移植修复,其中颞肌筋膜瓣59例,游离背阔肌皮瓣74例,颌下腺瓣22例。皮瓣移植成功率为100.0%。27例患者发生术后深部创口感染,术后缺损一期行组织瓣移植或颌下腺瓣填塞明显降低术后感染率。1例患者术后出现颅内感染,升级抗生素后痊愈。所有颅内外沟通患者均出现不同程度脑脊液瘘,其中58例严重患者给予腰大池引流3~7天症状消失。2例患者发生围术期死亡。结论 肿瘤病理类型、发病部位、是否颅内外沟通、颌面组织缺损程度、既往治疗史等均是侧颅底肿瘤手术入路和修复重建选择需要重视的局部因素。     

Video-assisted prosthodontics

An 8 mm camcorder was used to produce and replay video tape recordings of patient consultations, diagnosis, and treatment. The benefits of this modality were presented and discussed.     

副腮腺肿瘤切除的手术入路

目的探讨副腮腺肿瘤外科治疗的最佳手术入路。方法对笔者近年所做的9例副腮腺肿瘤手术入路分别采用了延长的腮腺切除手术入路;肿瘤表面皮肤纹理的直接手术入路以及耳前发际内的角形切口手术入路三种方法。结果上述3种不同的手术入路在手术损伤大小、切口隐蔽、副腮腺肿瘤的术野显露以及并发症的发生率等方面存在明显差异。结论耳前角形切口应作为副腮腺肿瘤切除的首选手术入路,它具有更好的美容及手术治疗效果．     

颅颌面联合切除术治疗颌面部晚期恶性肿瘤

目的 研究颅颌面联合切除术治疗晚期恶性的临床意义。方法 对１９７８年６月至１９９７年１２月的２０年间在我科行颅颌面联合切除术的４６例患者进行评价。切除颅骨范围 ：颅前窝、颅中窝、有窝和颅中窦联合切除,其中１８便同时行眶内的摘除,１４例有硬脑膜侵犯,行局部硬脑切除术。结果 ３年与５年生存率分别为４８．８％和３５．１％,１０年生存率为２０．０％。结论对晚期头颈部恶性肿瘤患者行颅颌面联合切除术具有一定的     

Comparison of endoscope-assisted versus conventional resection of parotid tumors

Endoscopically-assisted partial parotidectomy for benign tumours has been reported, but we have evaluated its feasibility through different concealed incisions compared with conventional parotidectomy. A total of 124 patients with parotid tumours were enrolled in this retrospective study: an endoscopically-assisted group (n = 37) compared with a group operated on conventionally (n = 87). The incision for endoscopically-assisted partial, total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection was based on location and pathological characters of the parotid tumour. The sex and age of the patients, diameter of the tumour, and histopathological features were comparable between the two groups. The mean length of the incision in the endoscopic group was significantly shorter than that in the conventional group. However, intraoperative blood loss, operating time, and duration of hospital stay were significantly reduced, and postoperative secretion of saliva was significantly improved in the endoscopic group, among whom there were no recurrences of tumour. More importantly, all patients who had endoscopically-assisted operations were satisfied with the cosmetic result. Endoscopically-assisted parotidectomy is superior to conventional resection as judged by postoperative cosmetic and functional outcomes. It is noteworthy that the site of incision depends mainly on location, and on the suspected low grade of malignancy of the parotid tumour seen on preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.     

内镜辅助下切除颌面部良性肿瘤的效果评价

目的 ：探讨内镜辅助下颌面部良性肿瘤切除的可靠性。方法 ：18例颌面部良性肿瘤患者,男7例,女11例;年龄5～34岁,平均16.8岁。前额部纤维瘤3例、脂肪瘤4例;颧部脂肪瘤2例、肌内静脉畸形3例、皮样囊肿6例。肿物大小1.7 cm×2.2 cm～2.0 cm×3.2 cm。全部病例在内镜辅助下耳屏前或发际切口切除。结果 ：全部肿瘤完整切除,手术时间45～75 min,平均54 min。术中出血量6～15 mL,平均8.5 mL。手术过程顺利,切口一期愈合。随访2～8个月,肿瘤无复发,瘢痕隐蔽,美容效果好。结论 ：内镜辅助下耳屏前或额部单通道小切口切除颌面部良性肿瘤安全、可靠,瘢痕隐蔽,美容效果好。     

Endoscopy-assisted transoral resection of large benign parapharyngeal space tumors

We have evaluated the outcomes of endoscopically-assisted resection of large benign tumours of the parapharyngeal space by an intraoral approach. Six patients with primary benign tumours were treated in this way. The lesions were pleomorphic adenomas, Warthin's tumour, and schwannoma. The sizes of the tumours varied from 4 × 4 cm to 7 × 7 cm. All tumours were removed completely without rupture and without damage to the facial nerve. No patient developed any permanent postoperative complications such as damage to the facial nerve, salivary fistula, or limited mouth opening. The cosmetic effects were excellent. The patients were followed up for 8 to 21 months without recurrence. Endoscopically-assisted transoral resection of large benign tumours of the parapharyngeal space is a simple and safe technique that achieves excellent aesthetic and functional results.     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the lateral skull base

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive spindle cell tumors that develop from peripheral nerve sheath cells and account for 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. MPNSTs involving the lateral skull base are an extremely rare subgroup of these lesions. The article deals with the case of a 51-year-old man with a huge primary MPNST: the disease involved the left frontozygomatic and retroauricolar regions of the scalp with erosion of the outer table of the calvaria and diffuse infiltration of the temporal, infratemporal, and pterygoid fossae. Radical surgery via left transfacial- transparotid approach and reconstruction with microvascular flap were performed. Intraoperative radiotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy were also delivered. Twenty-two months postoperatively, the patient is alive despite recurrence of the tumor in the neck and lung metastases. The article reviews the few series of patients and the small number of case reports of MPNSTs involving the lateral skull base that are available in the English literature describing current concept of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the disease. Although MPNSTs of the lateral skull base have an adverse prognosis, an acceptable survival time and a good quality of life are possible; however, they require an early and correct diagnosis as well as an adequate and aggressive combination therapy.     

经口内镜辅助下切除咽旁间隙良性肿瘤6例报道

目的 对经口内镜辅助下切除咽旁间隙肿物的手术方法进行评价。方法 选择6例咽旁间隙良性肿瘤患者（男4例,女2例,平均年龄41.7岁）,经口内镜辅助下切除肿物。其中多形性腺瘤4例,腺淋巴瘤1例,神经鞘瘤1例。肿瘤大小4 cm×4 cm~7 cm×7 cm不等。结果 肿瘤均被完整切除,术后未出现面神经损伤、涎漏或开口受限等并发症。该术式极好地保护了患者的容貌外观。随访8~ 21个月（平均14.7个月）,均无复发。结论 经口内镜辅助下切除咽旁间隙巨大良性肿物简单、安全,美观和功能良好。     

动态增强扫描在颈侧区肿块鉴别诊断中的应用

目的：研究利用颈侧区肿块在动态增强扫描的影像特征进行手术前鉴别诊断。方法：选择２１例颈侧区肿块患者，所有病例均最后行手术治疗并病理确诊。其中１７例作多层动态扫描，４例作单层与多层对比扫描，单层扫描时描绘时间—密度曲线。结果：时间—密度曲线对诊断血管性肿瘤具有重要价值；不同类型或性质肿块其增强扫描特征有明显区别；肿块与颈鞘及周围组织能准确显示。结论：动态增强扫描在鉴别颈侧区肿块及对手术方案的确立有指导意义。     

Increased local recurrence in advanced parotid malignancy treated with mastoidectomy without lateral temporal bone resection

Objective

We analyzed patients with advanced parotid malignancy requiring proximal facial nerve exposure undergoing mastoidectomy versus lateral temporal bone resection to determine differences in local and distant recurrence.

Study design

The study design is a case series with chart review.

Setting

The setting is in Tertiary care practice in Fort Worth, Texas from January1998 to January 2014.

Subjects and methods

The study included 120 patients with advanced parotid malignancy, 82 males between 19 and 87 years, and 38 females between 26 and 83 years. Patients with no overt bone involvement were treated with parotidectomy and mastoidectomy for exposure of the proximal facial nerve, and patients with clinically suspected (radiographic imaging or clinical fixation) bone involvement were treated with parotidectomy and lateral temporal bone resection. Follow up ranged from a minimum of 18 months to 11 years following surgery.

Results

Sixty patients were treated with mastoidectomy and 60 were treated with lateral temporal bone resection. In patients treated with mastoidectomy, 13 had local recurrence and 7 had distal recurrence. In patients treated with lateral temporal bone resection, 2 had local recurrence while 9 had distant recurrence. Statistical analysis revealed that patients treated with mastoidectomy developed local recurrence (p = 0.0022) more commonly than those treated with lateral temporal bone resection. There was no significant difference in distant recurrence between both groups (p = 0.5949).

Conclusions

Patients with advanced parotid malignancy should be treated aggressively with parotidectomy and lateral temporal bone resection regardless of bone involvement due to increased risk of local recurrence in those treated with mastoidectomy alone.

Level of evidence

Level of evidence is a 4 case series.

     

内镜辅助下经口入路与口外入路切除咽旁间隙巨大良性肿瘤的效果比较

目的: 比较内镜辅助下经口入路(endoscopy-assisted transoral approach,EATA)与口外入路(external approaches, EAs)2种手术方式在巨大良性咽旁间隙肿瘤(parapharyngeal space tumors, PSTs)切除术中的临床效果。方法: 将62例PST患者分为EATA组和EA组,比较2组患者围术期及术后的临床数据,采用SPSS 21.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 所有肿瘤均完整切除。EATA组中6例患者术中转为口外入路。EA组中8例患者术中采用内镜进行辅助手术。EATA组的术中出血量、引流总量、术后疼痛评分、总住院天数均显著少于EA组(P<0.05),术后面容外形满意度评分显著高于EA组(P<0.05)。结论: 采用EATA手术方式切除咽旁间隙良性巨大肿瘤,可以减少手术创伤,获得更好的术后面容外形。然而,2种术式联合应用,可获得更好的手术效果。     

Modified lateral orbitotomy approach: a novel technique in the management of lacrimal gland tumors

Lateral orbitotomy is a well-known approach in the surgical management of lesions in the lateral orbital regions. It is still appropriate for laterally situated tumors, although contemporary cranial base approaches were defined and developed within the last decades. The extent of lateral orbitotomy should depend on the size, consistency, and nature of the lesion for easy surgical removal and reconstruction thereafter. In this regard, contrast-enhanced computed tomographic scans provide useful information for operative strategy. Although there is a wide range of histopathologic diagnosis for orbital tumors, lateral orbitotomy is a safe approach, particularly if the lesions are extraconal. We present a case of pleomorphic adenoma of lacrimal gland managed by a modified lateral orbitotomy approach with pleasing results.     

舌骨上咽侧进路切除舌根部肿瘤对舌体功能保存的价值

目的　探讨舌骨上咽侧进路切除舌根部肿瘤的可行性以及保存舌体功能的意义 ,避免传统进路法创伤大、损伤正常结构多和留有唇颌部疤痕等缺陷。方法　本文收集舌根部良恶性肿瘤 12例 ,其中良性肿瘤 2例 ,恶性肿瘤 10例 ,男 8例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 2 3～ 6 2岁 ,全部病例均行舌骨上咽侧进路切除舌根部肿瘤。除良性肿瘤外 ,恶性肿瘤者均行同期修复 ,其中前臂皮瓣 6例 ,胸大肌肌皮瓣修复 4例。结果　经 3～ 2 4个月随访 ,术后皮瓣与肌皮瓣均成活 ,术后 6个月患者经检查舌体外形满意 ,吞咽、语音功能基本恢复 ,未发生口咽瘘。除 1例恶性肿瘤于术后 16个月死于全身转移外 ,其余均健在。结论　该术式主要优点在于在保存舌体和唇颌部正常的解剖外形的同时 ,最大限度地恢复吞咽及语音功能 ,并符合功能性外科的手术原则和要求     

Evaluation of mandibular reconstruction techniques following resection of malignant tumors in the oral region.

Over the past 15 years, reconstruction following excision of malignant oral tumors was performed on 27 patients with segmental resection and five patients with hemiresection of the mandible. Following segmental resection, the mandible was reconstructed using an autogenous bone graft in eight patients in whom the surrounding soft tissues were fairly well preserved. Bony union was achieved in six of them. In the remaining two, the graft was removed because of postoperative infection, and one patient underwent secondary bone grafting. A pedicled myocutaneous flap and bone graft was used in seven patients who underwent extensive resection of the surrounding soft tissue. Bony union was achieved in three patients, and one developed pseudoarthrosis. The graft was removed in the remaining three because of postoperative infection. Reconstruction with only a metallic plate for stabilization of the mandible was carried out in six aged or sarcoma-affected patients. In two of them, the postoperative course was uneventful for 4 to 7 years. In the remaining four patients, plate removal was required because of exposure or tumor recurrence. In 5 of 11 patients in whom reconstruction was carried out with a combination of a pedicled myocutaneous flap and metallic plate, the postoperative course was uneventful for 2 to 8 years. Two of these five patients underwent secondary bone grafting. In four of the remaining six patients, the plate was removed because of exposure or improper adaptation to the stump. Two others died of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome within 1 month. A prosthesis was used more frequently by patients when reconstruction was performed using a pedicled osteomyocutaneous flap. The metallic reconstruction plate was helpful for restoring mandibular contour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Rigid reconstruction plates for immediate reconstruction following mandibular resection for malignant tumors.

Thirty-four primary alloplastic reconstructions of segmental mandibular defects caused by surgery for oral malignancy were performed during a 6-year period. Eighty-eight percent of the tumors were classified as stage III or IV. One third of the patients died during follow-up, nine with their primary reconstruction plate in place. During the follow-up, 12 patients required plate removal because of complications; four of them were treated with another plate. Nineteen of 21 patients alive at the end of follow-up were free of disease. Ten had their primary plate in place, and four had had a secondary plate installed because of plate fracture or screw loosening. Three patients had their mandible permanently reconstructed with bone. The functional and esthetic results were considered excellent or fair in a majority of the cases. Because the 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced mandibular malignancies is 15% to 20%, extensive, definitive reconstructive procedures during primary surgery are usually not justified.