Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity in Iranian healthy blood donor men

AIM: To determine serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, and to assess their correlation with demographic and clinical findings in healthy blood donors.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in 934 male blood donors, aged 18 to 68 years, who consecutively attended Tehran blood transfusion service in 2006. All participants were seronegative for HBV or HCV infections, non alcohol users, and all underwent a standard interview and anthropometric tests. Clinical and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, and GGT activities were determined. Patients taking drugs known to cause hepatic fat deposition were excluded. For AST, ALT, and GGT variables, we used 33.33 and 66.66 percentiles, so that each of them was divided into three tertiles.RESULTS: Mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities were 25.26 ± 12.58 U/L (normal range 5-35 U/L), 33.13 ± 22.98 (normal range 5-35 U/L), and 25.11 ± 18.32 (normal range 6-37 U/L), respectively. By univariate analyses, there were significant associations between increasing AST, ALT, or GGT tertiles and age, body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences (P < 0.05). By multiple linear regression analyses, ALT was found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia (B = 6.988, P = 0.038), whereas ALT and AST were negatively correlated with age. AST, ALT, and GGT levels had positive correlation with family history of liver disease (B = 15.763, P < 0.001), (B = 32.345, P < 0.001), (B =24.415, P < 0.001), respectively.CONCLUSION: Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease.     

Serum γ-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activity in Iranian healthy blood donor men

AIM： To determine serum γ-glutamyltransferase （GGT）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） activity, and to assess their correlation with demographic and clinical findings in healthy blood donors.
METHODS： This cross-sectional study was performed in 934 male blood donors, aged 18 to 68 years, who consecutively attended Tehran blood transfusion service in 2006. All participants were seronegative for HBV or HCV infections, non alcohol users, and all underwent a standard interview and anthropometric tests. Clinical and biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, and GGT activities were determined. Patients taking drugs known to cause hepatic fat deposition were excluded. For AST, ALT, and GGT variables, we used 33.33 and 66.66 percentiles, so that each of them was divided into three tertiles.
RESULTS： Mean AST, ALT, and GGT activities were 25.26 ± 12.58 U/L （normal range 5-35 U/L）, 33.13 ± 22.98 （normal range 5-35 U/L）, and 25.11±18.32 （normal range 6-37 U/L）, respectively. By univariate analyses, there were significant associations between increasing AST, ALT, or GGT tertiles and age, body weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences （P 〈 0.05）. By multiple linear regression analyses, ALT was found to be positively correlated with dyslipidemia （B = 6.988, P = 0.038）, whereas ALT and AST were negatively correlated with age. AST, ALT, and GGT levels had positive correlation with family history of liver disease （B = 15.763, P 〈 0.001）, （B = 32.345, P 〈 0.001）, （B =24.415, P 〈 0.001）, respectively.
CONCLUSION： Although we did not determine the cutoffs of the upper normal limits for AST, ALT, and GGT levels, we would suggest screening asymptomatic patients with dyslipidemia and also subjects with a family history of liver disease.     

Determination of the upper cut-off values of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in Chinese

AIM:To determine the upper cut-off values of serumalanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in a Northern Chinese population.METHODS:A total of 3769 subjects in Jilin Province Northeast China were stratified to determine the potential factors affecting serum ALT and AST levels.The upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST in these subjects were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis and their sensitivity and specificity were evaluated.RESULTS:Stratification analysis revealed that serum ALT and AST levels were associated with gender,alcohol consumption,serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and body mass index.The upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST were 22.15 U/L and 25.35 U/L for healthy men and 22.40 U/L and 24.25 U/L for healthy women,respectively.The new cut-off values had a higher sensitivity,but a slightly lower specificity than the current standards.CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that the new upper cut-off values of serum ALT and AST are markedly lower than current standards and may be valuable for the evaluation of liver function.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合扶正化瘀片治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肝脏超声脂肪变性评分变化

目的 探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合扶正化瘀片治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者的疗效及对肝脏超声脂肪变性评分的影响.方法 2018年1月～2020年1月我院诊治的NAFLD患者132例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组66例和联合组66例,分别给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱或多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合扶正化瘀片治疗24周.采用ELISA法检测血...     

急性左心衰竭和充血性心力衰竭患者肝功能检测指标差异的临床观察

目的探讨急性左心衰竭(ALHF)和充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者肝功能检测指标(LFTs)的差异。方法入选纽约心功能分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的心力衰竭患者137例,根据病情分为ALHF组59例和CHF组78例。收集患者的基本资料,比较两组LFTs和住院病死率的差异。结果与CHF组比较,ALHF组患者的谷丙转氨酶[(34.05±14.48)U/L比(29.41±9.16)U/L]、谷草转氨酶[(30.73±12.47)U/L比(26.64±6.81)U/L]和白蛋白[(38.62±2.70)g/L比(35.33±4.20)g/L]水平均显著升高(分别为t=-2.291,P=0.024;t=-2.454,P=0.015;t=-5.25,P<0.01),而谷氨酰氨基转移酶[(30.7±20.7)U/L比(41.5±32.3)U/L]、总胆红素[(14.22±7.21)μmol/L比(18.42±8.60)μmol/L]、直接胆红素[(6.28±3.46)μmol/L比(8.00±4.67)μmol/L]和间接胆红素[(7.99±4.82)μmol/L比(10.45±5.81)μmol/L]水平均降低(t=2.257,P=0.026;t=3.013,P=0.003;t=2.384,P=0.019;t=2.636,P=0.009)。两组患者的碱性磷酸酶[(75.93±29.01)U/L比(80.42±22.91)U/L]和总蛋白[(65.2±3.8)g/L比(65.9±7.8)g/L]水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ALHF组患者病死率较CHF组高[17例(28.8%)比8例(10.3%),χ2=7.754,P=0.005]。结论 ALHF患者以谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶升高为主,与肝脏缺血相关,而CHF患者以谷氨酰氨基转移酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素升高和白蛋白降低为主,与肝脏淤血相关。     

Ursodeoxycholic acid or clofibrate in the treatment of non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis: A pilot study

Non-alcohol-induced steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by elevated serum aminotransferase activities with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and occasionally fibrosis that may progress to cirrhosis. No established treatment exists for this potentially serious disorder. Our aim was to conduct a pilot study to evaluate the safety and estimate the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and clofibrate in the treatment of NASH. Forty patients were diagnosed with NASH based on a compatible liver biopsy with other causes of liver disease, including alcohol abuse, excluded by history, serum tests, and use of ultrasound. Twenty-four patients received 13 to 15 mg/kg/d of UDCA for 12 months. Sixteen patients with hypertriglyceridemia were placed on clofibrate, 2 g/day for 12 months. Twenty-five women and 15 men entered the study. Six of 40 patients (15%) withdrew because of side effects. Four additional patients were withdrawn because of noncompliance; one of them later required liver transplantation. In the UDCA group, the decreases in mean serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) as well as histological grade of steatosis were significant. Among the patients treated with clofibrate, no change from baseline was found in mean ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST), GGT, bilirubin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, or in histological grade of steatosis, inflammation, or fibrosis after 12 months of treatment as compared with entry. Alkaline phosphatase activities decreased significantly from baseline. Despite the known lipid-lowering effects of clofibrate, it did not appear to be of clinical benefit in the treatment of NASH in this 1-year pilot study. However, treatment of NASH with UDCA for 12 months resulted in significant improvement in alkaline phosphatase, ALT, GGT, and hepatic steatosis. The possible benefit of UDCA therapy should be further investigated in the context of a randomized, controlled trial. (Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1464-7)     

Strong association between frequency of intermittent inflow occlusion and transient increase in serum liver enzymes after hepatic resection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although significantly higher serum levels of liver transaminases are commonly observed after hepatic resection, the factors responsible for the increase and the association between the increase and the postoperative course remain unclear. METHODOLOGY: The study population comprised 70 patients who had undergone hepatic resection except hepatectomy with vascular and biliary reconstruction. The relation between the perioperative factors and postoperative aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations were analyzed. Outcome parameters, i.e., postoperative total bilirubin level, hospital stay and complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: The average maximum postoperative serum AST and ALT levels were 444.6 IU/L and 390.1 U/L. None of the preoperative factors examined, such as AST, ALT, associated liver disease, Liver Damage Classification, intraoperative hypotension, intraoperative blood loss or types of liver resection, were significantly correlated with liver enzyme elevations. The only factor that was significantly correlated was frequency of intermittent inflow occlusion (p < 0.001). The elevations of AST and ALT were not significantly correlated with length of hospital stay and postoperative serum bilirubin level. ALT also was not correlated to complications, whereas AST was significantly correlated to the frequency of the postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of intermittent inflow occlusion is the only factor that affects the postoperative enzyme elevation.     

Probability of C282Y homozygosity decreases as liver transaminase activities increase in participants with hyperferritinemia in the hemochromatosis and iron overload screening study

Hemochromatosis is considered by many to be an uncommon disorder, although the prevalence of HFE (High Iron) 282 Cys → Tyr (C282Y) homozygosity is relatively high in Caucasians. Liver disease is one of the most consistent findings in advanced iron overload resulting from hemochromatosis. Liver clinics are often thought to be ideal venues for diagnosis of hemochromatosis, but diagnosis rates are often low. The Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study screened 99,711 primary care participants in North America for iron overload using serum ferritin and transferrin saturation measurements and HFE genotyping. In this HEIRS substudy, serum hepatic transaminases activities (e.g., alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were compared between 162 C282Y homozygotes and 1,367 nonhomozygotes with serum ferritin levels >300 μg/L in men and >200 μg/L in women and transferrin saturation >45% in women and 50% in men. The probability of being a C282Y homozygote was determined for AST and ALT ranges. Mean ALT and AST activities were significantly lower in C282Y homozygotes than nonhomozygotes. The probability of being a C282Y homozygote increased as the ALT and AST activities decreased. CONCLUSION: Patients with hyperferritinemia are more likely to be C282Y homozygotes if they have normal liver transaminase activities. This paradox could explain the low yields of hemochromatosis screening reported by some liver clinics.     

The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase: potential value in differentiating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from alcoholic liver disease

OBJECTIVE: The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is often greater than 2:1 in alcoholic hepatitis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this ratio may be used to distinguish nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from alcoholic liver disease. METHODS: Patients with NASH were matched with controls with alcoholic liver disease based on age, gender, and date of diagnosis. The diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease was based on exclusion of other causes and a significant history of alcohol consumption. The diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was based on exclusion of other causes of liver disease and a liver biopsy showing > 10% steatosis and inflammation. The two sided Student t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1996, 70 patients with NASH were matched with 70 subjects with alcoholic liver disease. Patients with NASH had a mean AST to ALT ratio of 0.9 (range 0.3-2.8, median 0.7) and subjects with alcoholic liver disease a mean ratio of 2.6 (range 1.1-11.2, median 2.0). The mean AST levels were 66 U/L and 152 U/L, and the mean ALT levels 91 U/L and 70 U/L, in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease groups, respectively. Although the absolute aminotransferase levels were significantly different in the two groups (p < 0.05), the greatest difference was observed in the AST to ALT ratio (p < 0.000001). Subset analysis of patients with NASH revealed mean AST to ALT ratios of 0.7, 0.9, and 1.4 for subjects with no fibrosis, mild fibrosis, or cirrhosis, respectively. The differences among these ratios were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The AST to ALT ratio appears to be a useful index for distinguishing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from alcoholic liver disease. Although values < 1 suggest NASH, a ratio of > or = 2 is strongly suggestive of alcoholic liver disease.     

肝细胞脂肪变导致HBV DNA载量慢性乙型肝炎患者转氨酶增高

目的 分析HBV DNA低载量HBsAg阳性患者转氨酶异常的原因.方法 研究对象为血清HBsAg阳性时间持续1年以上、HBV DNA(PCR法)<103拷贝/ml和ALT>1.25×ULN超过6个月的患者,剔除合并HCV和HIV等病毒感染及其他慢性肝病.患者均进行肝活组织检查并结合临床资料分析转氨酶增高的原因. 结果有119例患者纳入研究,男性102例,HBeAg阴性88例(73.9%);平均年龄(33.9±9.7)岁,体重指数(23.4±3.7)kg/m2,ALT(150.0±166.6)U/L,AST(102.4±193.2)U/L.肝活组织检杏有32例(26.9%)为肝细胞脂肪变,64例(53.8%)为慢性肝炎,7例(5.9%)为两者并存,15例(12.6%)为非特异性改变,1例为止常肝组织.30例接受核苷类似物抗病毒治疗的患者,17例有肝脂肪变,占56.7%;89例未进行抗病毒治疗的患者,有22例有肝脂肪变,占24.7%,两组比较x2=10.394,P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.单因素分析显示,肝脂肪变组(n=39)体重指数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、载脂蛋白B以及尿酸水平显著高十尢肝脂肪变组(n=64);而ALT、AST和载脂蛋白-A水半则显著低于无肝脂肪变组,t值分别为5.369、4.276、3.216、4.223、2.438以及-2.234、-3.877和-2.956,P值均<0.05.肝脂肪变组男性的比例.超重和肥胖,高尿酸血症和高脂血症的患病率亦显著高于无肝脂肪变组;而肝组织炎症和纤维化程度却显著降低,x2分别为3.829、7.659、13.389、0.549和20.978、17.550,P值均<0.05.与肝脏非特异性改变患者相比较,慢性肝炎患者ALT、AST、GGT水平显著升高,P值均<0.05;但其他相关指标无统计学差异. 结论代谢紊乱及其相关肝细胞脂肪变为HBV DNA低载量HBsAg阳性患者转氨酶升高的原因之一.     

e抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并肝脂肪变的预测指标及炎性反应和纤维化诊断

目的 研究HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)合并肝脂肪变患者的临床和病理关系,探讨预测此类患者肝组织炎性反应和纤维化的指标.方法 分别收集经临床与病理检查确诊的HBeAg阴性CHB合并和不合并肝脂肪变患者56例和60例,分别研究并比较其空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(Alb)、球蛋白(Glb)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HBV DNA水平、体重指数(BMI),并就上述指标与肝组织脂肪变、炎性反应和纤维化的关系进行统计学分析.结果 与HBeAg阴性CHB不合并肝脂肪变者相比,合并肝脂肪变患者BMI、FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT、ALP、Glb和HOMA-IR明显增高(P值均<0.05),HBV DNA、AST、ALT、Alb明显降低(P值均<0.05),此外炎性反应程度和纤维化程度亦明显增强.可预测HBeAg阴性CHB者是否存在肝脂肪变的参数有BMI,FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT和HOMA-IR(P值均<0.05).可预测HBeAg阴性CHB合并肝脂肪变者肝组织是否存在炎性反应的参数有ALT、AST、Glb和HBVDNA(P值均<0.05),可预测其是否存在肝组织纤维化的参数有ALT,AST、Alb、Glb和HBV DNA(P值均<0.05).结论 肝脂肪变在HBeAg阴性CHB患者中较常见,其肝组织脂肪变与BMI、FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT和HOMA-IR有关.此类患者除肝脂肪变明显增加外,肝组织炎性反应和纤维化程度亦明显加重.     

e抗原阴性慢性乙型肝炎合并肝脂肪变的预测指标及炎性反应和纤维化诊断

目的 研究HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)合并肝脂肪变患者的临床和病理关系,探讨预测此类患者肝组织炎性反应和纤维化的指标.方法 分别收集经临床与病理检查确诊的HBeAg阴性CHB合并和不合并肝脂肪变患者56例和60例,分别研究并比较其空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹血胰岛素(FINS)、三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、白蛋白(Alb)、球蛋白(Glb)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HBV DNA水平、体重指数(BMI),并就上述指标与肝组织脂肪变、炎性反应和纤维化的关系进行统计学分析.结果 与HBeAg阴性CHB不合并肝脂肪变者相比,合并肝脂肪变患者BMI、FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT、ALP、Glb和HOMA-IR明显增高(P值均<0.05),HBV DNA、AST、ALT、Alb明显降低(P值均<0.05),此外炎性反应程度和纤维化程度亦明显增强.可预测HBeAg阴性CHB者是否存在肝脂肪变的参数有BMI,FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT和HOMA-IR(P值均<0.05).可预测HBeAg阴性CHB合并肝脂肪变者肝组织是否存在炎性反应的参数有ALT、AST、Glb和HBVDNA(P值均<0.05),可预测其是否存在肝组织纤维化的参数有ALT,AST、Alb、Glb和HBV DNA(P值均<0.05).结论 肝脂肪变在HBeAg阴性CHB患者中较常见,其肝组织脂肪变与BMI、FBG、FINS、TG、TC、GGT和HOMA-IR有关.此类患者除肝脂肪变明显增加外,肝组织炎性反应和纤维化程度亦明显加重.     

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a determinant of insulin resistance independently of adiposity in Pima Indian children

CONTEXT: Elevated activities of serum enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). ALT is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adult Pima Indians, and GGT predicts T2DM in other adult populations. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to establish whether independent relationships exist between either adiposity or IR and hepatic enzymes in a group of Pima Indian children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 44 children (22 males and 22 females; 7-11 yr old) were measured for weight (WT), height, percent body fat, and serum activities of ALT, AST, and GGT. Body mass index (kilograms per meter squared) was calculated. IR was calculated from fasting plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Hepatic enzymes were positively associated with obesity measures, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. GGT was additionally associated with serum lipids and white blood cell count. GGT, but not AST or ALT, was a significant determinant of HOMA-IR independently of age, sex, and WT, body mass index, or percent body fat. The model that accounted for the largest portion of the variance in HOMA-IR included WT (beta = 0.004; P = 0.008) and GGT (beta = 0.20; P = 0.004; total R(2) = 0.62; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Significant relationships between adiposity and hepatic enzyme activities exist during childhood in Pima Indians. Whether serum GGT activity predicts the development of T2DM in these children remains to be determined in follow-up studies.     

A constellation of cardiovascular risk factors is associated with hepatic enzyme elevation in hyperlipidemic patients

Abnormal circulating levels of hepatic enzymes are frequently found in subjects displaying hyperlipidemia or obesity or both. At present, there is a paucity of information on the principal cardiovascular risk factors that are associated with elevated plasma levels of hepatic enzyme activity in hyperlipidemic patients. We analyzed the potential relationships between serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in a cohort of 8,501 men and women referred to our outpatient clinic for hyperlipidemia by their general practitioner. In this cohort, 27.6% of patients displayed serum levels of ALT above the upper limit of normal values. Both men and women who exhibited ALT levels superior to the upper limit of the normal range had elevated systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, and serum levels of blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (P <.0035 for all parameters). In a multivariate analysis, BMI, uric acid, and blood glucose remained significantly associated with ALT levels in men and women. We conclude that cardiovascular and metabolic features characterizing the plurimetabolic syndrome, including serum uric acid levels, are associated with significant elevation of hepatic enzyme activities. Because these abnormalities may not only be reversible but also associated with a poor prognosis, further studies are needed to identify those dyslipidemic patients who are at risk for the development of severe hepatic tissue damage.     

Body fat distribution, relative weight, and liver enzyme levels: a population-based study

Regional body fat distribution may represent an independent risk factor for several conditions, especially metabolic and cardiovascular diseases; recent findings have shown that abdominal fat accumulation can be an independent predictor of hepatic steatosis. Very few studies, mostly using selected clinical samples, have focused on the relationship between indices of abdominal visceral fat accumulation and the most commonly used biochemical liver tests, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relation between central fat accumulation, as assessed by abdominal height, relative weight, as determined by body mass index (BMI), and liver function tests (ALT, AST, and GGT) in a random sample of 2,704 residents of Erie and Niagara Counties in New York State, 35-80 years of age and free from known hepatic disease. Multiple linear regression models were used, with liver enzymes as dependent variables with abdominal height and BMI as independent variables, and the inclusion of several covariates (age, race, education, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, drinking status, and total ounces of ethanol in the past 30 days). Abdominal height was consistently a better correlate of ALT and GGT levels than BMI in both sexes. In addition, abdominal height was the most powerful independent predictor of ALT in both sexes as well as of GGT among women. In conclusion, these findings support a role for central adiposity independent from BMI in predicting increased levels of hepatic enzymes, likely as a result of unrecognized fatty liver.     

40岁以上人群肝酶与糖耐量的相关性研究

目的:探讨社区40岁以上人群肝酶与糖耐量之间的相关性。方法 :入选40～75岁某社区自然人群4 281名,测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)及血脂,行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。①根据OGTT结果将研究对象分成正常糖耐量(NGT)组、单纯空腹血糖受损(i-IFG)组、单纯糖耐量降低(i-IGT)组、IFG+IGT组和糖尿病(DM)组,比较各组肝酶水平差异;②根据肝酶水平分组,比较各组糖尿病前期(PreDM)和新诊断DM比例;③分析多种因素对糖耐量的影响。结果:①不同糖耐量组间ALT、AST、GGT水平的差异有显著意义(P<0.05);②PreDM、新诊断DM患者比例在不同ALT、GGT水平组之间差异有显著意义,而在不同AST水平组中则无显著差异;③ALT、GGT是i-IGT、IFG+IGT和DM的独立危险因素。结论:ALT、GGT水平与糖耐量密切相关,是PreDM、DM的独立危险因素。     

Metabolically healthy but obese individuals: relationship with hepatic enzymes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of plasma hepatic enzymes in obese women displaying the metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) phenotype. We studied 104 obese, sedentary, postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified as MHO or at risk based on insulin sensitivity as assessed with the oral glucose tolerance test-derived Matsuda index. Subjects were divided into quartiles according to insulin sensitivity values. Subjects in the upper quartile were categorized as MHO, whereas subjects in the lower 3 quartiles represented at-risk subjects. Outcome measures were hepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase [GGT]], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein B, fatty liver index, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and visceral adipose tissue (computed tomography). The MHO individuals had significantly lower concentrations of ALT, AST, and GGT as well as a lower fatty liver index compared with at-risk subjects (P < .05). In addition, lean body mass index and visceral adipose tissue were significantly lower in MHO individuals (P < .05). Moreover, stepwise regression analysis showed that ALT explained 17.9% of the variation in insulin sensitivity in our cohort, which accounted for the greatest source of unique variance. Results of the present study indicate that postmenopausal women displaying the MHO phenotype present favorable levels of ALT, AST, and GGT. Lower concentrations of hepatic enzymes, in particular, lower circulating ALT levels, in MHO individuals may reflect lower hepatic insulin resistance and lower liver fat content; and this could be involved, at least in part, in the protective profile of MHO individuals.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸联合双环醇治疗抗结核药物所致的药物性肝损伤患者疗效研究*

目的 观察应用N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)联合双环醇治疗抗结核药物所致的药物性肝损伤(DILI)患者的疗效。方法 2018年1月～2020年1月我院诊治的因肺结核接受抗结核药物治疗导致的DILI患者76例,随机分为A组38例和B组38例,分别给予双环醇或双环醇联合NAC治疗,两组均连续治疗1个月或至肝功能正常。因本组患者被发现得早,肝功能损害较轻,未停止抗结核治疗。采用黄嘌呤氧化法和硫代巴比妥酸法检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平,采用免疫散射速率比浊法检测血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果 在治疗结束时,B组血清AST、ALT和GGT水平分别为(39.3±10.5)U/L、(35.9±32.5)U/L和(58.4±10.5)U/L,显著低于A组【分别为(75.4±14.6)U/L、(86.9±44.8)U/L和(95.8±14.5)U/L,P<0.05】;B组血清SOD水平为(83.5±8.0)U/L,显著高于A组【(74.5±7.3)U/L,P<0.05】,而血清MDA、IL-6和CRP水平分别为(5.0±0.8)μmol/L、(4.1±1.2)ng/L和(9.1±2.2)mg/L,显著低于A组【分别为(6.9±1.2)μmol/L、(6.8±2.4)ng/L和(14.5±3.7)mg/L,P<0.05】;在治疗过程中,B组与A组出现头晕、腹泻、皮疹、发热和恶性呕吐发生率无显著性差异(18.4%对15.8%,P>0.05)。结论 应用NAC联合双环醇治疗抗结核药物所致的DILI患者可获得较好的治疗效果,能促进血清肝功能指标的恢复,可能与抑制了机体氧化应激和炎症反应有关,同时患者加用药物后也未明显增加用不良反应发生率,但其长期治疗效果还需要进一步观察。     

复方牛胎肝提取物治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的：观察复方牛胎肝提取物片治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效。方法120例慢性乙型肝炎患者被随机分为治疗组64例和对照组56例。对照组给予基础治疗,治疗组加用复方牛胎肝提取物治疗3 m,观察两组治疗前后临床、肝功能和肝纤维化指标的变化。结果在3 m治疗结束时,治疗组乏力和纳差的改善率分别为92.00%和91.84%,显著高于对照组（56.41%和58.33%,P〈0.05）;治疗组ALT为（35.6±17.2）U/L、AST为（38.5±18.6） U/L、GGT为（40.6±19.7）U/L、总胆红素为（16.1±13.9）μmol/L,均较治疗前[分别为（110.8±61.4）U/L、（97.2±62.4） U/L、（106.3±60.1）U/L、（47.8±19.3）μmol/L）]显著下降（P〈0.05）;治疗组基线时III型前胶原肽为（36.7±11.3）μg/L、透明质酸为（276.4±79.5）μg/L、层粘连蛋白为（169.8±73.4）μg/L、IV型胶原为（155.8±61.5）μg/L,治疗后均显著下降[分别为（16.4±6.1）μg/L、（110.8±51.4）μg/L、（70.8±34.9）μg/L、（97.8±41.4）μg/L,P〈0.05）]。结论复方牛胎肝提取物片治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者有一定的效果。     

A model based on routine liver tests can reliably exclude intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

ObjectivesSerum bile acid (BA) levels testing is used for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). We aimed to determine the performance of routine liver tests in the evaluation of ICP.MethodsA retrospective cohort study conducted at a university hospital, including all pregnant women who underwent serum BA levels testing due to suspected ICP during 2007–2019. Liver tests were performed in all women including: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (TB). The optimal combination of laboratory values was determined by an algorithm developed in the Python programming language.ResultsOf 640 women who met the inclusion criteria, 22% (n = 142) were diagnosed with ICP (serum BA>10 μmol/L). A combined laboratory score of: (TB>11 μmol/L) or (ALK>255 U/L) or (GGT>32 U/L) or (AST>31 U/L), had a sensitivity of 94%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 97%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value of 35%, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.11 for the diagnosis of ICP. The AUC of the laboratory model alone was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69–0.75). The addition of history of ICP to the suggested laboratory score resulted in a sensitivity of 97%, NPV of 98% and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.06. The AUC of the final model was 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.79).ConclusionsA combined laboratory score incorporating AST, GGT, ALK and TB was shown to reliably exclude the diagnosis of ICP. This may be particularly useful in settings with limited access to BA levels testing.