Toxicity of glutaminase in patients with advanced lymphoblastic leukaemia

Fifteen patients with relapsed lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated with a glutaminase isolated from Achromobacter sp. using this enzyme for the first time in combination with other drugs in the treatment of human leukaemia.Although two patients achieved complete remission, and a further three partial remission, five patients showed acute hypersensitivity to the glutaminase and two of the five required resuscitation. Also one patient developed hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis 36 h after receiving the enzyme for the first time, and three others had biochemical evidence of carbohydrate intolerance. All patients experienced nausea and vomiting shortly after the start of the first infusion which lessened with second and third courses, and did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug.The high incidence of side effects in these patients indicates that despite the anti-leukaemic activity of this enzyme its application is limited by poor patient acceptability.     

Decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness in mouse epidermal papillomas during tumor promotion with phorbol myristate acetate

The response to the beta-adrenergic agonist (-)-isoproterenol in mouse epidermis and in papillomas arising during tumor promotion with phorbol myristate acetate was determined by measurement of cyclic AMP levels after in vivo administration of (-)-isoproterenol. Papillomas exhibited less than half the hormonal responsiveness found in epidermis from control groups or from papilloma-bearing animals. No difference in the incorporation of labelled (-)-isoproterenol into epidermal or papilloma tissue was seen.     

Non-Endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma in a Patient with Bloom's Syndrome

Bloom's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, typical physical signs, immunodeficiency and an increased risk of developing neoplasms at a young age, compared to the general population. Factors possibly involved in the pathogenesis of non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma in a five year old girl with Bloom's syndrome are discussed. These include immunodeficiency, upregulated c-myc expression and an Epstein-Barr viral infection.     

Adenocarcinomas of the prostate induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea in rats pretreated with cyproterone acetate and testosterone

Prostatic adenocarcinomas were induced in 5 out of 20 Wistar rats upon a single administration of 50 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The rats were pretreated with a daily dose of 50 mg/kg cyproterone acetate for 3 weeks followed by 3 daily injections of 100 mg/kg testosterone. All tumours developed in the dorsolateral prostate and were invasively growing. In 2 cases distant metastases were found. Three proliferative lesions classified as carcinomas in situ were also found in the dorsolateral prostate. A total of 7/20 animals (35%) carried an adenocarcinoma and/or a carcinoma in situ. In addition, 6 epithelial hyperplasias were observed in the dorsolateral and 1 in the ventral prostate of non-tumour-bearing rats. The method described may provide a good animal model for cancer of the prostate and lead to a better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis.     

ACTIVATION OF NUCLEOLAR rRNA GENE TRANSCRIPTION IN LYMPHOCYTES BY TUMOR PROMOTERS: APPLIES STUDIES WITH IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION DETECTED BY FLUORESCENT METHOD

The distribution of rDNA was visualized in interphase nuclei of tumor promoter treated human lymphocytes in comparison with the mltogen Phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) effects by using an in situ hybridization fluorescent method. The procedure involves biotinylated rDNA as the probe and FITC-avidin as detection system. Silver (Ag) staining was used to visualize nucleoli. In the interphase nuclei of most of the nonstimulated control lymphocytes, only one small Ag-stained nucleolus could be seen. The in situ hybridization, however, revealed one to several agglomerations of rDNA fluorescent spots. With tumor promoting herb extract WCE (40 μg/ml) or TPA (60 ng/ ml) treatment, the Interphase nucleoli increased slightly in number with the morphology alteration into larger, reticular or compact granular types. Ag-stained particles also increased in number. The number of the in situ hybridization rDNA fluorescent spots and dots increased markedly and largereticulate formations of numerous rDNA spots were seen. This     

CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES AND HEPATECTOMY IN THE ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY LIVER CANCER

ＣＬＩＮＩＣＯＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＳＡＮＤＨＥＰＡＴＥＣＴＯＭＹＩＮＴＨＥＥＬＤＥＲＬＹＰＡＴＩＥＮＴＳＷＩＴＨＰＲＩＭＡＲＹＬＩＶＥＲＣＡＮＣＥＲＺｈｏｕＸｉｎｄａ周信达ＴａｎｇＺｈａｏｙｏｕ汤钊猷ＹｕＹｅｑｉｎ余业勤ＭａＺｅｎｇｃｈ...     

Induction of murine fibrosarcomas by low dose treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene followed by promotion with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate

Repeated application of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the skin of mice previously treated with an initiating dose of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene has been shown to lead to an increased incidence of papilloma. The studies presented here describe a modified murine two-stage carcinogenesis model in which a single subcutaneous administration of the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) is followed by multiple applications of TPA administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. TPA was observed to act as a promoter under these conditions when given either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. When a carcinogenic dose of 3-MC was administered (0.5 mg/mouse) followed by regular treatment with TPA (10 micrograms/mouse) the percent of tumor-bearing mice increased and the length of time until tumors developed significantly shortened. At a subcarcinogenic dose of 3-MC (0.025 mg/mouse), repeated treatment with TPA led to tumor development whereas no tumors were observed in mice not treated with TPA. All tumors were found to be fibrosarcomas. Thus, TPA is capable of acting as a systemic promoter of mesenchymally derived tumors.     

激光配合手术治疗垂体瘤

目的脑垂体瘤常规手术治疗由于位置深，暴露困难，视野受限给切除带来不便。方法作者对１８例脑垂体瘤病人施行激光配合手术治疗。结果经过随访３年５年各复发１例。结论与单纯手术比较，操作简便，疗效满意，并发症少。同时对ＹＡＧ激光作用原理、治疗剂量、注意事项及提高疗效，防止并发症的发生做了较详细的讨论。临床实践证实本法有其独特的优点，有实用推广价值。     

乳腺癌患者外周血TI林巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析

目的通过乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析,探讨其对乳腺癌术后随访和预后监测的意义。方法利用CIAS-1000型细胞图像分析系统及相关的细胞培养、银染等技术,对20例健康人、20例炎症患者和110例乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性进行分析,结果以核仁积分面积与细胞核积分面积的比值(I.S%)和核仁银染积分光密度与细胞核银染积分光密度的比值(I.O.D%)表达。结果炎症患者外周血T淋巴细胞的rDNA转录活性明显升高,乳腺癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞的rDNA转录活性明显降低,与健康人比较,差异有显著意义(P<0.01),转移和/或复发时,T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性进一步下降(P<0.05)。结论外周血T淋巴细胞rDNA转录活性分析可以做为乳腺癌术后随访和预后监测的指标。     

Alterations in electrophysiology of cultured BALBcfC3H mouse mammary epithelium associated with neoplastic transformation

Mammary tumor virus and neoplastic transformation affect prolactin-modulated electrophysiology of mouse mammary epithelium in vitro. Trans-epithelial resistances of both prelactating and neoplastic $\text{BALB}\text{cfC3H}$ mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures are lower than those seen in $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ pre-lactating cell cultures. Unlike the response to prolactin in $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ cultures, there are no effects of this hormone on transepithelial potential difference or resistance of $\text{BALB}\text{cfC3H}$ prelactating or neoplastic cultures. However, prolactin significantly increases short-circuit current in both $\text{BALB}\text{c}$ and $\text{BALB}\text{cfC3H}$ prelactating cell cultures and in $\text{BALB}\text{cfC3H}$ neoplastic cell cultures. The response of tumor cell cultures suggests that pregnancy-independent mouse mammary epithelium may not be entirely refractory to prolactin.     

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity in rat urothelium treated with bladder carcinogens

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity during urothelial carcinogenesis was examined histochemically in rats treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BHBN). GGT-positive cells developed with a high frequency in foci of nodulopapillary hyperplasia and carcinoma. GGT-positive cells, both individually and in nests, were also frequent in foci of simple hyperplasia and interlesion normal urothelium of carcinogen-treated bladders. The results suggest that development of GGT-positive cells in interlesion normal urothelium is specific to carcinogen treatment.     

Erythroid differentiation in CGL cells from a patient with blast crisis

A 60-year-old patient with Ph1 + ve CGL presented with blast crisis. The leukaemic blast cells resembled erythroblasts and had 51 chromosomes with two Ph1. Cells obtained from peripheral blood, marrow and a pleural effusion were cultured under a variety of conditions. After 2-3 weeks in culture, the model 51-chromosome line persisted but many of the cells displayed erythroid morphology and differentiated to resemble mature normoblasts, strongly positive on o-tolidine +ve staining. Haemoglobin analysis by starch gel and globin synthesis studies demonstrated only fetal haemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in the cultured cells whilst the patient's reticulocytes synthesized very little HbF. Restriction enzyme mapping of DNA from the cultured cells showed that beta-globin genes were still present in these cells even though they were not expressed.     

873例次天津市儿童肿瘤住院患者医保支付费用分析

摘 要：［目的］ 对住院儿童肿瘤患者进行医保支付费用的分析,为医院加强控费管理和儿童大病患者医保政策的优化提供依据。［方法］ 以天津市肿瘤医院儿童肿瘤科2014至2018年诊断为恶性肿瘤的873例次住院医保患者为研究对象,利用SPSS 19.0统计软件,分析患者基本情况、病种构成、诊治特点与住院费用、医保支付费用的关系。［结果］ 873例次儿童肿瘤患者男童多于女童。恶性淋巴瘤、肾母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤为前3位诊治病种,占51.77%。手术治疗和内科治疗为主要治疗方式。平均住院日、次均发生费用和次均医保支付费用均呈下降趋势。住院费用构成中药品费所占比例最高,在30%以上。医保报销后患者个人负担仍较大。［结论］ 儿童肿瘤治疗周期较长,关键有效治疗手段的医保支付比例偏低,致使总体医保费用支持不足,患者家庭负担较重。提高儿童肿瘤患者治疗的医保支付比例、扩大儿童恶性肿瘤支付项目的限定范围或引入商业保险作为补充是将来发展的主要方向。