电子商务环境下我国医药物流运营新模式

随着我国医药行业的迅速的发展以及企业战略的网络化、集约化和柔性化，医药流通行业正面临着巨大的变革。药品流通环节多、结构混乱，信息化程度低是影响我国医药流通领域发展的重要因素。随着向外资医药企业开放进程的逐步推进，我国弱小的药品流通企业即将与在资金、管理和技术上占优势的国外流通巨头进行面对面的竞争。所以重构我国医药行业供应链系统，大力发展医药物流与医药电子商务，已成为我国药品流通行业改革的当务之急。     

应用信息技术,深化GMP实施

信息化领域作为当今高科技发展和人才竞争的前沿阵地，科技创新和人才集聚的战略高地，已受到各行各业关注，现为经济发展支柱产业的医药行业更不例外。从应用渗透角度看，信息化是振兴医药行业的重要载体；从高新技术发展角度看，信息化是振兴医药行业的重要组成部分；从生产力发展角度看，信息化是振兴医药行业的推动力；从深化GMP实施看，信息化是增强制药企业实力的强大支撑。     

关于RFID电子标签技术在药品生产质量监控和GMP管理应用方面的一些问题

随着我国医药行业面对必须逐步走向与国际规范接轨的形势，同时我国部分医药生产企业由于缺乏严格、有效和自动化的监控手段和机制，因而频频发生重大的药品生产质量事件，这就使我国药品生产质量监控和GMP管理的问题，更引起国家各级药品质量监督部门和业界各个领域从未有过的重视。就是在这种形势下，无线射频识别技术（radio frequency identification，RFID）电子标签这一在国外医药界也是刚刚发展起来的应用技术，也越来越引起我国医药行业中药品质量监督、医药工业自动化和信息化领域的关注。     

医药行业电子商务模式及应用

本文首先介绍了电子商务在医药行业的广泛应用,我国医药电子商务应用有着必然的趋势;并从医药电子商务的四种模式及它们的优缺点详细地介绍;在我国医药行业应用方面,列举了海虹企业的B2B的模式.最后介绍了我国医药电子商务的发展方向.     

以信息化带动医药产业发展

随着互联网的发展,网络经济迅速扩张,信息化已经受到各方面高度关注。过去我国强调信息产业的发展,现在强调国家信息化战略,以信息化带动产业化,从而促进经济增长,在中共中央关于“十五”计划的建议中把信息化提到了一个很高的战略位置。 信息化正在全球范围内引发一场深刻的产业革命和社会结构的变革,也就是说,信息化不仅是信息产业的本身,而是一场产业革命：它又不仅是信息产业的革命,而且将引起社会结构的深刻变革。医药行业是我国国民经济中发展最快、最有增长潜力的行业之一。医药产业虽是高投入、高风险,但其高产出、高回…     

加快信息化建设是推动医药企业改革与发展的重大决策

一、加快企业信息化建设信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展的大趋势,也是我国产业化升级和实现工业化、现代化的关键环节。中国共产党十五届五中全会通过的中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划的建议中,明确提出了“政府行政管理,社会公众服务,企业生产经营要运用数字化、网络化技术,加快信息化步伐”,以信息化带动工业化,发挥后发优势,实现社会生产力的跨越式发展。我们要认真学习和理解党中央、国务院提出这样一个战略目标和发展方向的深远意义,并联系医药行业改革与发展的实际情况,从具体工作入手,贯彻落实。落实…     

医药行业电子商务之管见

2000年2月21日,国务院办公厅转发国务院体政办等八部委《关于城镇医药卫生体制改革的指导意见》中第十一条指出“在药品购销活动中,要积极利用现代电子信息网络技术,提高效率,降低药品流通费用”。 国家经贸委在“2000医药工作计划”中,把医药电子商务列为了重要发展事项。 中国电子学会医药信息学分会电子商务专委会认为:健康和医药网络所涉及的医药行业有其特殊性,鉴于药品是特殊商品,面对医药电子商务网络迅猛发展,一方面要在发展中寻求规范,另一方面要积极鼓励进行医药电子商务的试点,在试点中循序渐进,推出规范的办法。 综上所述,对于医药行业电子商     

沈阳药科大学毕业生就业现状调查分析及对策

21世纪是生命科学的世纪，医药行业将获得迅猛发展，特别是我国加入WTO后，医药行业的发展将面临巨大的机遇和挑战；医药行业的发展使社会对药学人才的需求不断增加。了解我国当今医药行业迅速发展所引起的药学人才需求的变化，对高校培养合格药学人才具有重大指导意义。笔者根据对沈阳药科大学毕业生业现状的调查，了解我国医药企事业单位对药学人才的需求模式，并根据对调查结果的分析，提出当前形势下药学人才的教育培养对策．力求为实际工作提供参考依据。     

医药电子商务的发展及问题

本文以国内医药行业的电子商务应用情况为研究对象,在结合实际的基础上,对医药电子商务发展中存在的问题作了具体的分析和探讨。     

GSP与信息化

十六大报告中明确指出：“信息化是我国加快工业化和现代化的必然选择。坚持以信息化带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化路子。”如何理解和实践这一重要论述，对于我们实现现代化建设第三步战略目标具有重要意义。所以信息化也是医药行业企业加快发展，实现现代化的必然选择。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.