经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的长期疗效和安全性

目的:观察经皮室间隔化学消融(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的长期疗效和安全性。方法:我院2002-02-2013-12经导管证实有左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)的HOCM患者14例,明确适应证后行PTSMA治疗,观察手术前后LVOTG的变化,并分别于术前、出院时及随访期内行心电图、心脏超声检查。结果:所有入选的患者均成功行PTSMA,平均随访(5.2±3.4)年,术中出现右束支传导阻滞3例,右束支+左前分支传导阻滞1例,左束支传导阻滞1例,一度房室传导阻滞1例,一过性房室阻滞1例,完全性房室阻滞植入起搏器1例,非持续性室性心动过速1例;静息状态下LVOTG由术前的(47.07±36.53)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)下降至术后即刻的(13.3±8.76)mmHg(P0.01)。与术前比较,出院时心脏超声测得的二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)现象比例(78.6%︰21.4%,P0.05)、LVOTG[(45.1±23.6)mmHg︰(25.6±25)mmHg,P0.05]均明显降低;与术前、出院时比较,随访期内心脏超声测得的室间隔(IVS)厚度明显降低[(18.7±2.5)mm、(17.6±2.5)mm︰(14.2±1.3)mm,P0.05];与出院时比较,随访期的LVOTG进一步下降[(25.6±25)mmHg︰(8.8±4.0)mmHg,P0.05];随访期未有新发的传导阻滞出现,无死亡病例。结论:经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病长期疗效明确,且相对安全,但需严格掌握适应证。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮室间隔化学消蚀术的疗效观察

目的:评价经皮经腔室间隔心肌化学消蚀术(PT SMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的近期疗效.方法:对象为2002年4月～2003年12月行PTSMA的HOCM 32例.消融前,术中,术后1月和6月时分别测量室间隔(IVS) 厚度,左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)等指标.结果:超声检测:平均静息 LVOTG术前为85.7±35.4 mmHg,术后即刻,术后1月和6月分别为37.5±16.2 mmHg、26 .8±17.4 mmHg、18.7±12.6 mmHg,差异非常显著(P<0.001);IVS术前平均厚度为28.8±7.1 mmHg,术后1、6月时分别为20.2±7.3 mmHg,13.5±6.5 mmHg(P<0 .01).结论:PTSMA能显著持续降低LVOTG,近期疗效显著、可靠.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病间隔心肌消融术

目的评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)经皮间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)后即刻和中期随访结果.方法15例药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM病人在心肌声学造影(MCE)指导下完成PTSMA,并经超声心动图、心电图、同位素心肌灌注显像评价.结果左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)由术前(77.93±22.00)mmHg即刻下降到(14.8±15.0)mmHg(P＜0.0001),左室舒张末压即刻平均下降(5.75±2.87)mmHg(P＜0.0001).平均8.6个月(6～20)随访结果表明心功能(NYHA)显著改善(3.4±0.5比1.1±0.4,P＜0.001),心绞痛症状消失,运动耐量显著提高,血流动力学改善状况稳定.结论PTSMA是HOCM病人治疗有效的非外科手段,中期随访结果令人满意.     

经皮导管室间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的近期疗效

目的:探讨经皮导管室间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)方法及近期疗效。方法:11例HOCM患者,经心脏超声及导管测压证实存在左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG),选择靶间隔支注入无水乙醇消融后记录LVOTG变化,出院时及出院后1个月复查超声心动图。结果:11例患者中消融第1间隔支者9例,消融第2间隔支者1例,同时消融第1、第2间隔支者1例;术后即刻导管测量LVOTG较术前明显下降[(90.40±41.95)∶(52.90±34.12)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),P<0.01]。11例中1例术后4 h死亡,1例术后第5天置入永久双腔起搏器,其余9例度过围术期并出院随访。10例存活者出院时与术前相比,LVOTG和二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)幅度较术前明显改善[(44.56±28.87)∶(82.98±36.46)mmHg,(2.3±1.06)∶(4.1±1.37)mm,P<0.01)];术后1个月超声测量LVOTG、室间隔厚度、左室流出道内径和SAM幅度分别为:(40.43±19.27)mmHg、(18.6.1±1.17)mm、(15.5±1.08)mm和(0.5±0....     

心肌声学造影指导下经皮间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的 :评价经皮间隔心肌消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的即刻和长期疗效。方法 :对于药物治疗效果差、心功能 (NYHA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、静息左室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)≥30mmHg或异丙肾激发试验LVOTG≥ 5 0mmHg 2 3例HOCM患者 ,施行心肌声学造影指导下的PTSMA术治疗。结果 :2 3例患者PTSMA术均获成功 ,无死亡病例。术后即刻心导管测LVOTG明显下降 ,由术前82 70± 2 5 .91mmHg降至 2 1.2 2± 2 1 95mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 19例病人进行了 3～ 18个月的随访 ,心功能NYHA分级由术前的 3.37± 0 .5 2降到 1.0 7± 0 .2 7(P <0 .0 0 1) ;超声心动图测LVOTG由术前的80 .0 9± 2 6 .5 8降到 2 6 5 5± 2 1 97mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1) ,室间隔厚度由术前的 2 3 86± 3 95mm减到 17 5 4±4 6 3mm(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :PTSMA术治疗HOCM患者的即刻和长期随访效果良好 ,创伤小 ,并发症少     

化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病

目的 探讨经皮室间隔心肌消融术（PTSMA）治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病（HOCM）的可行型，安全型及近中期效果。方法 选择5例药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM患者，经冠脉间隔支造影后球囊试堵靶血管，左心室流出道压力阶差（LVOTG）监测，无水酒精消融靶间隔支。结果 5例PTSMA手术成功率100%，术后即刻LVOTG下降50%-88%，未发生严重心律失常，术后及随访（平均随访11.54个月）临床症状缓解明显，运动耐量显著提高。结论 PTSMA是治疗HOCM有效的非外科手段。     

经皮经腔室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近期疗效观察

目的:观察经皮经腔室间隔(IVS)化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的近期疗效。方法:利用 Sigwart法行 PTSMA治疗 HOCM25 例,术前后记录左室血流动力学变化、心电图变化;消融前及术后1个月通过超声心动图测量 IVS 厚度及左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)。结果:术后即刻,静息时LVOTG由(72.6±25.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(21.8±7.4)mmHg,主动脉收缩压由(120.5±7.1)mmHg升至(140.8±8.2)mmHg,主动脉舒张压由(68.5±6.8)mmHg升至(79.3±7.5)mmHg,冠状动脉舒张期灌注压由(44.1±6.0)mmHg升至(55.7±7.3)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。超声心动图测量,术前IVS平均厚度为(23.2±3.7)mm,术后1 个月为(21.6±3.8)mm;术前 LVOTG为 (74.6±28.8)mmHg, 术后 1个月为(18.0±6.2)mmHg(均P<0.05)。术前心功能(NYHA分级)(3.1±0.4)级,术后 1 个月提高到(1.8±0.5)级。术后有永久性完全性右束支传导阻滞 5 例,完全性左束支传导阻滞 1 例。结论:PTSMA能显著降低LVOTG,提高冠状动脉灌注压,改善症状,治疗HOCM近期疗效可靠。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮腔内室间隔消融术对心电图及自主神经功能的影响

目的观察肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）经皮腔内室间隔消融术（PTSMA）对心电图及自主神经功能的影响。方法1998年1月至2003年10月26例患者[男15例,女11例,平均年龄（37．4±11．2）岁]经心脏超声检查诊断为HOCM,在我院行PTSMA,术前3天、术后3天、术后3年分别行体表12导联心电图、24h动态心电图检查,分析PR间期、传导阻滞情况、QRS时限、QT、QT离散度（QTd）、校正QT离散度（QTcd）、JT间期、JT离散度（JTd）、校正JT离散度（JTcd）及心率变异性（HRV）相关指标：RR间期标准差（SDNN）、RR间期平均值标准差（SDANN）、相邻RR间期差均方根（rMSSD）、相邻RR间期差值超过50ms的心搏数占RR间期总心搏数的百分比（PNN50）、低频功率（LF）、高频功率（HF）、LF／HF比值。结果所有患者均成功行PTSMA,1例患者术后出现三度房室传导阻滞并植入永久起搏器,PR间期术后3天显著延长,术后3年恢复正常;术后3天所有患者均表现右束支传导阻滞,术后3年仍有24例患者为右束支传导阻滞;QRS时限、QT间期术后3天、3年均明显延长;QTd、QTcd术后3天明显延长,术后3年恢复至术前水平;JT、JTd、JTcd术后3天、3年均无明显变化;LF、HF、rMSSD、PNN50术后3天、术后3年均较术前明显增加,而LF／HF比值、SDNN、SDANN术后3天、术后3年无明显变化。结论PTSMA治疗HOCM是一种安全有效的方法,术后心电图主要改变为右束支传导阻滞,术后短期QTd、QTcd明显延长,对中远期的心电学参数无明显影响,其可能通过增高迷走神经张力而改善HOCM患者自主神经功能。     

经皮室间隔心肌化学消融治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病即刻疗效和随访结果

目的评价单中心经皮室间隔心肌化学消融（PTSMA）治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病（HOCM）的即刻疗效以及随访结果。方法2001年4月至2008年3月连续30例HOCM患者[男性18例,女性12例,平均年龄（44±17）岁]接受IYFSMA治疗并在随后接受随访。结果1例患者术后3d死于心源性休克,另1例患者因术后Ⅲ°房室传导阻滞（AVB）接受双腔起搏器治疗。左室流出道压力阶差（LVOTG）从（80±23）mmHg降至（27±19）mmHg（P〈0．01）;肌酸激酶（CK）及肌酸激酶MB亚型（CK—MB）峰值分别为（1517±926）U／L和（172±95）ng／ml。在平均（30±25）个月的随访期中,有3例患者死亡,其中2例分别在术后6个月和68个月猝死,1例在术后6个月死于脑卒中。大部分存活患者症状显著改善或消失,心功能分级从术前2．6±0．8降至1．9±0．6（P〈0．01）。结论PTSMA能有效降低HOCM患者的左室流出道压力阶差（LVOGT）并改善患者症状。     

经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病临床分析

目的分析经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗药物难治的肥厚性梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)术中术后左室流出道压差(LVOTG)、心律失常、心肌酶谱的变化和机制。方法15例经心脏彩色多普勒诊断为HOCM的药物治疗无效的病人拟行PTSMA治疗,13例病人(男7例,女6例)接受了PTSMA治疗。无水酒精消融前后导管测量LVOTG,术后心电监护72小时,6-8小时检查一次心肌酶谱,术后一周复查心脏彩色多普勒。结果13例病人中,3例(23.1%)术后即刻LVOTG消失,6例(46.2%)术后即刻LVOTG<30mmHg,2例(15.4%)术后即刻LVOTG下降>50%,1例(7.7%)LVOTG下降<50%。手术前后平均静息LVOTG77.0±38.8mmHgVS21.4±16.3mmHg,P<0.001。CRBBB发生率为46.2%,消融第一间隔支者CRBBB发生率为57.1%,第二间隔支者为33.3%,前者CRBBB的发生率略高,但无显著差异(P=0.645);心肌酶谱CK-MB峰值与术后即刻LVOTG下降幅度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论PTSMA治疗HOCM病人近期疗效显著且并发症少,是一个很有前景的治疗手段。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.