重症巨细胞病毒感染和急性排斥肾移植受者T淋巴细胞亚群的动态变化

目的：探讨肾移植受者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群与发生重症巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）感染和急性排斥反应（ＡＲ）之间的关系。方法：采用ＣＯＵＬＴＥＲ公司生产的鼠抗人Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群单克隆抗体ＯＫＴ系列及ＥＬＩＴＥ型流式细胞仪对２３例重症ＣＭＶ感染者、８例ＡＲ患者和２０例正常肾移植者的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群进行动态测定。结果：术后无ＡＲ者与ＡＲ者、排斥反应缓解者与未缓解者,其ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值变化差异有显著性意义（Ｐ〈     

异种淋巴细胞混合培养时T淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子的格局

目的 研究异种淋巴细胞混合培养时T淋巴细胞亚群分泌细胞因子的格局。方法 用单向异种混合淋巴细胞反应体系研究人－猪间细胞反应的细胞因子分泌格局。结果 γ干扰素的mRNA与蛋白质均强表达,而白细胞介素4（IL－4）均无表达,初次混合淋巴细胞反应时,IL－10的mRNA弱表达,但是猪抗原特异性T淋巴细胞系中未检测到IL－10mRNA表达。结论 异种淋巴细胞混合培养时以Ⅰ型细胞因子分泌为主,参与反应的细胞因子格局和同种移植时呈现相似性。     

肾移植患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞的变化及临床意义

目的观察肾移植患者外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平的变化，探讨其在诊断移植肾急性排斥反应中的作用。方法采用流式细胞仪检测26例肾移植患者及30例正常对照组外周血中CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平。结果①慢性肾衰竭患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②非排斥组移植后1、2、4、8周CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平明显高于移植前（P〈0．01）。③急性排斥组排斥反应主要发生在术后第7～21d，其CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平明显低于同期的非排斥组（P〈0．01）。结论CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞水平的测定可以作为肾移植患者移植后急性排斥反应诊断和预测预后的重要指标。     

肝移植急性排斥反应者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞的变化

目的 探讨良性终末期肝病患者肝移植术后外周血CD4+CD25+叉状头螺旋转录因子(Foxp3)+调节性T淋巴细胞在急性排斥反应期的变化及意义.方法 2004年12月至2008年1月间,符合入选条件的良性终末期肝病患者共55例,按照术后是否发生急性排斥反应分为排斥组(14例)和无排斥组(41例).肝移植术前用流式细胞仪检测患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T淋巴细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞的百分率(简称CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率),出院后1年内每隔3～6个月复查;发生急性排斥反应时,于治疗前和治疗缓解后(3～6个月)复查.比较两组患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率的变化,对排斥组发生急性排斥反应时外周血CD4+CD25+Foxr3+T细胞百分率与排斥反应活动指数(RAI的相关性进行统计学分析.结果 肝移植术前,排斥组与无排斥组外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).排斥组患者发生急性排斥反应时外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率为(2.23±0.54)%,低于无排斥组的(2.99±0.86)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).排斥组中,患者发生急性排斥反应时外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率低于未发生急性排斥反应时的(3.67±0.70)%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).排斥组患者发生急性排斥反应时外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T细胞百分率与RAI呈负相关(r=-0.80,P＜0.01).结论 监测肝移植受者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞的变化,可辅助诊断急性排斥反应及判断其严重程度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression of peripheral blood (PB) CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with benign end-stage liver disease after liver transplantation and the relationship between levels of PB Tregs and acute rejection. Methods A prospective analysis was performed on 55 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation.Fourteen out of 55 cases suffered from acute rejection after liver transplantation were defined as rejection group,while the rest patients were classified into no acute rejection group. PB was obtained from liver transplant patients at different time points longitudinally: pre-transplant, post-transplant within one year and acute rejection. The circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs in PB were measured by flow cytometry. Blood samples were drawn during acute rejection, at the same time, liver biopsies were performed. The circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs were compared between two groups.Results There was no difference between two groups in levels of circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 + Tregs cells pre-transplant. However, the levels of circulating CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs in rejection group were decreased significantly as compared with no-rejection group (2. 23 % ± 0. 54 % vs. 2. 99 % ±0. 86 %,P＜0.01). The frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells was negatively correlated with rejection activity index (RAI) (r = - 0. 80, P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion Monitoring PB CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ Tregs levels may be helpful in evaluating the immune state and act as a more sensitive marker for acute rejection diagnosis in the patients following liver transplantation.     

大鼠小肠移植后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的变化

利用免疫荧光染色技术及流式细胞仪对大鼠小肠移植后外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化进行连续监测，以探讨细胞免疫功能变化在排斥反应中的意义。结果表明，排斥反应时首先出现ＣＤ４阳性细胞显著增高，随后出现ＣＤ８阳性细胞明显下降及ＣＤ４阳性细胞／ＣＤ８阳性细胞比值增高，在排斥反应后期其比值下降；使用环孢素Ａ作免疫抑制的大鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞各亚群均无显著性变化。本实验证明ＣＤ４阳性细胞及ＣＤ８阳性细胞共同参与了排斥反应，根     

通过小鼠皮肤移植后心脏移植模型观察记忆性T淋巴细胞的变化和作用

目的 建立小鼠皮肤移植后心脏移植模型,观察记忆性T淋巴细胞的变化和作用,及其与皮肤移植后同种反应性记忆性T淋巴细胞过继转移模型的差异和机理.方法 应用显微外科技术及血管套管法,建立小鼠皮肤移植后心脏移植模型(实验组),并以心脏移植前输注或未输注记忆性T淋巴细胞的2个组作为对照(移植对照组和输注对照组),两对照组均未进行皮肤移植.心脏移植后每天触摸各组供心的搏动情况,观察各组移植心的存活情况及组织病理学改变,并对排斥反应进行分级;采用流式细胞仪检测各组受鼠体内CD3+ CD44high CD62L-记忆性T淋巴细胞表型的分布,应用体外混合淋巴细胞反应体系综合评价各组记忆性T淋巴细胞体外增殖程度.结果 皮肤移植前受鼠体内CD4+记忆性T淋巴细胞的比例为2.7％,移植后升至72.0％ (P＜0.05).移植对照组、输注对照组及实验组移植心脏的平均存活时间分别为7.33、4.83和3.5d,排斥反应评分分别为1B～2级、3A级和4级,体内CD3+ CD44highT淋巴细胞的比例分别为29％、55％和75％,CD3+ CD62L-T淋巴细胞群落中CD44荧光强度分别为215、274和380,以及MLR强度(吸光度值)分别为0.29、0.45和1.0,与两对照组相比,实验组移植心存活时间明显缩短、记忆性T淋巴细胞比例明显升高、MLR强度均明显增强及排斥反应程度更严重(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 同种小鼠皮肤移植后心脏移植模型是一个更为贴近临床实际的动物模型,其同种抗原反应能力明显强于过继输注同种记忆性T淋巴细胞的小鼠心脏移植模型,有利于免疫记忆的相关研究.     

记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞对小鼠腹腔移植心脏排斥反应的影响

目的 探讨记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞对来自同一抗原特异性移植心脏急性排斥反应的影响.方法 将C57BL/6小鼠的皮肤移植给Balb/c小鼠,使其致敏,3个月后,取受者的脾脏,应用小鼠记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞纯化试剂盒纯化记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞.同时取未进行皮肤移植的Balb/c小鼠,同法获取非致敏CD4+T淋巴细胞.以C57BL/6小鼠为供者,正常Balb/c小鼠为受者,行腹腔心脏移植,移植前3周,实验组受者经阴茎背静脉注射记忆性CD4+T淋巴细胞;非致敏对照组受者经阴茎背静脉注射非致敏CD4+T淋巴细胞;空白对照组不注射任何T淋巴细胞.各组均于移植前1 d、移植当天及移植后1 d给予环孢素A.术后记录移植心脏存活时间;取移植心脏,进行病理学观察.结果 实验组、非致敏对照组和空白对照组移植心脏存活时间分别为(8.5±1.5)d、(25.7±5.5)d和(21.2±9.2)d,实验组明显短于另两组(P<0.05).移植心脏急性排斥反应的病理学分级,实验组为3.43±0.68,非致敏对照组为1.29±0.46,空白对照组为1.31±0.49,实验组病理学分级明显高于非致敏对照组和空白对照组(P<(0.05).结论 当记忆性CIN+T淋巴细胞再次接触同一抗原特异性的移植心脏时,可促进急性排斥反应的发生,且对常规剂量的环孢素A不敏感.     

B淋巴细胞交叉配型在致敏肾移植受者中的作用

致敏肾移植受者术前需做淋巴细胞毒交叉配型。T淋巴细胞交叉配型（TXM）的意义已得到公认，但B淋巴细胞交叉配型（BXM）的临床意义尚有争论。我们发现BXM阳性的肾移植受者术后急性排斥反应发生率显著升高，1年移植肾存活率显著降低，报告如下。     

凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在移植物内T淋巴细胞中的表达及意义

目的 观察T淋巴细胞在体内和体外接受同种抗原刺激后凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin的表达规律并探讨其意义.方法 实验分三个部分.(1)体外实验中以刀豆素A(ConA)10 mg/L刺激C57BL/6小鼠脾细胞并进行培养,然后加入抗白细胞介素2(IL-2)受体的单克隆抗体阻断细胞增殖,最后检测脾细胞中Survivin表达的情况.(2)通过对Balb/c×C57BL/6杂交F1代小鼠输注C57BL/6小鼠脾细胞建立移植物抗宿主反应(GVHR)模型;并于不同时间点检测供者淋巴细胞中Survivin的表达.(3)选取临床移植肾穿刺活检标本73例,按移植肾Banff 97活检病理学诊断和分级标准对标本进行病理诊断和分级,并检测Survivin表达.结果 ConA刺激后脾细胞中CD3阳性细胞表达Survivin,第3天阳性细胞数目达到峰值,随后逐渐减少.GVHR小鼠于输注脾细胞后第4天,肝脏门静脉周围和汇管区出现淋巴细胞浸润并表达Survivin,可维持到第12天;第14天即不能检测到浸润淋巴细胞表达Survivin.对移植肾穿刺活检标本的检测发现,未诊断为急性细胞性排斥反应的13例标本淋巴细胞Survivin表达均呈阴性;而诊断为急性细胞性排斥反应的60例标本中有44例Survivin表达阳性(73%),两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 T淋巴细胞激活后可表达Survivin,且表达具有时间依赖性.鉴于T淋巴细胞表达Survivin的特性,移植物内T淋巴细胞表达Survivin可用于鉴别是否存在排斥反应,以及排斥反应所处的阶段.     

肾移植受者外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞17、调节性T细胞表达及其平衡关系的研究

目的 探讨肾移植慢性排斥反应(CR)患者外周血辅助性T淋巴细胞(T helper,Th)17、调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)、Th17/Treg变化及意义.方法 采用流式细胞术检测24例肾移植CR患者(CR组)和22名健康志愿者(正常对照组)外周血中的Th 17占CD4+T淋巴细胞的比例...     

Tim-3 blocking rescue macrophage and T cell function against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in HIV+ patients

Introduction

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) 3 and programmed death 1 (PD-1) are co-inhibitory receptors involved in the so-called T cell exhaustion, and in vivo blockade of these molecules restores T cell dysfunction. High expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 is induced after chronic antigen-specific stimulation of T cells during HIV infection. We have previously demonstrated that the interaction of Tim-3 with its ligand galectin-9 induces macrophage activation and killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our aim in this study was to analyze the Tim-3 expression profile before and after six months of antiretroviral therapy and the impact of Tim-3 and PD-1 blocking on immunity against M. tuberculosis.

Materials and methods

HIV+ patients naïve to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) were followed up for six months. Peripheral immune-cell phenotype (CD38/HLA-DR/galectin-9/Tim-3 and PD-1) was assessed by flow cytometry. Supernatants were analyzed with a multiplex cytokine detection system (human Th1/Th2 cytokine Cytometric Bead Array) by flow cytometry. Control of bacterial growth was evaluated by using an in vitro experimental model in which virulent M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages were cultured with T cells in the presence or absence of Tim-3 and PD-1 blocking antibodies. Interleukin-1 beta treatment of infected macrophages was evaluated by enumerating colony-forming units.

Results

We showed that HIV+ patients had an increased expression of Tim-3 in T cells and were able to control bacterial growth before ART administration. By blocking Tim-3 and PD-1, macrophages and T cells recovered their functionality and had a higher ability to control bacterial growth; this result was partially dependent on the restitution of cytokine production.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrated that increased Tim-3 expression can limit the ability of the immune system to control the infection of intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. The use of ART and the in vitro manipulation of the Tim-3 and PD-1 molecules restored the functionality of T cells and macrophages to restrict bacterial growth. Our results provide a novel immune strategy that may be implemented in the near future in order to improve the immune responses in HIV+ patients.     

慢性HBV感染者HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞Tim-3和PD-1的表达水平及其与IFN-γ产生的相关性研究

目的：研究免疫球蛋白黏蛋白分子-3（Tim-3）和程序性死亡受体-1分子（PD-1）在慢性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染患者外周血HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞表面的表达模式,了解其与γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）产生的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测主要组织相容性复合体-2（HLA-A2）阳性的78例临床类型不同的慢性HBV感染患者HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞表面分子Tim-3和PD-1的表达,ELISA方法检测外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）培养上清液中IFN-γ的水平。结果慢性HBV感染者Tim-3＋/PD-1＋HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞比例占总的HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞的58%,Tim-3-/PD-1＋细胞比例为24%,Tim-3-/PD-1-比例16%,Tim-3＋/PD-1-比例最低为2%。临床病情越严重的临床类型中,Tim-3＋/PD-1＋HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞比例越高,慢性乙型肝炎轻中度组为（52.05±18.68）%,重度肝炎组为（59.66±19.25）%,重型肝炎组最高为（68.72±17.21）%;各组与非活动性携带者组比较,P值分别为0.007、0.009、0.000。重型组与轻中度组比较,P =0.018。Tim-3＋/PD-1＋在HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞的表达与细胞培养上清液IFN-γ的水平呈负相关性（r =-0.466,P ＜0.001）。结论在HBV特异性CD8＋ T细胞中,Tim-3和PD-1共同表达是其主要表达模式,Tim-3和PD-1的高表达可能负性调控IFN-γ的产生,从而影响慢性HBV感染的疾病进展和结局。     

Tim-3 expression represents dysfunctional tumor infiltrating T cells in renal cell carcinoma

Purpose

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common cancer of kidney. Evidences have shown that RCC is sensitive to various immunotherapies. Tim-3 plays a role in suppressing Th1-mediated immune responses. However, no study has yet examined the effect of Tim-3 on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in RCC.

Methods

We investigated the expression and function of Tim-3 on TIL CD4+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells from 30 RCC patients.

Results

Levels of Tim-3 were significantly increased on both TIL CD4+ T cells and TIL CD8+ T cells and were associated with higher stages of the cancer. Also, GATA-3 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were down-regulated, whereas T-bet was up-regulated in TIL Tim-3+ T cells, indicating that Tim-3 expression defined a population of dysfunctional TIL Th1/Tc1 cells. Mechanism analyses showed that TIL Tim-3-expressing CD8+ T cells exhibited impaired Stat5 and p38 signaling pathway. Blocking the Tim-3 pathway restored cell proliferation and increased IFN-γ production in TIL CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of RCC.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Tim-3 may be used as a novel target for increasing immune responses in RCC tumor microenvironment.

     

Beta 3 integrin expression on T cells from renal allograft recipients

Recent studies emphasize the paramount significance of beta 3 integrin in cell adhesion and homing, which may be particularly relevant in cancer progression and metastasis. In contrast, the presence and potential role of beta 3 on human T cells is practically unknown. We show that T cells can express significant amounts of alpha-beta 3 integrin (CD41/CD61), and the expression of alpha(v)-beta 3 (CD51/CD61) remains very low. T-cell beta 3 integrin is probably transferred by platelet-derived microparticles.     

小鼠半肝移植后早期T细胞激活基因-3的变化

目的 研究不同冷缺血损伤条件下,小鼠半肝移植后早期肝内趋化因子T细胞激活基因-3(T cell activation gene-3,TCA-3)的变化. 方法 建立C57BL/6小鼠全肝和部分肝脏移植模型,分为全肝对照组和半肝移植实验组.冷保存时间分为冷缺血1、4和8h.术后4、24 h收集标本,核糖核酸酶保护试验评估各组移植术后TCA-3的mRNA表达水平.组织病理学观察肝脏移植物的缺血再灌注损伤情况.结果 共行小鼠半肝移植45只,全肝移植30只.2组小鼠术后7d的存活率均为100％.定量分析证实:全肝移植术后4h,冷缺血1、4、8h组TCA-3的表达保持在较低水平,但半肝移植组TCA-3的表达明显升高(F=7.41,P＜0.05).术后24 h,全肝移植组和半肝移植组TCA-3的表达均明显降低,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).组织学检查发现半肝移植物表现为更严重的冷缺血损伤. 结论 TCA-3在半肝移植术后早期明显升高,在冷缺血损伤机制中起重要作用,TCA-3可能是减轻半肝移植物冷缺血损伤的早期治疗靶点.     

他克莫司对肝移植受者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及共刺激分子表达的影响

目的 探讨他克莫司（FK506）对肝移植受者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及其表面共刺激分子表达的影响。方法 采用荧光标记单克隆抗体和流式细胞技术，测定术后采用FK506治疗的肝移植受者（FK506治疗组）在用FK506后1、2、3、4周时的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及其表面共刺激分子CD28、CD152和ICOS分子的表达情况，以健康志愿者（健康对照组）和患终末期肝脏疾病拟行肝移植者（肝病对照组）为对照。结果 CD3^＋T淋巴细胞在各组间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经FK506治疗后，肝移植患者的CD4^＋T淋巴细胞逐渐减少，CD8^＋T淋巴细胞逐渐增加，并恢复至健康对照组水平（P〉0．05）。FK506治疗组T淋巴细胞亚群表面CD28分子和ICOS分子表达逐渐下降，并明显低于健康对照组（P〈0．05），而CD152分子表达增加，且明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）；其ICOS分子表达水平的下降晚于CD28分子，CD4^＋CD28^＋T淋巴细胞、CD8^＋CD28^＋T淋巴细胞和CD4^＋ICOS^＋T淋巴细胞均呈现相近的变化规律。结论 FK506能迅速纠正移植受者T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱，并抑制正性共刺激分子CD28和ICOS的表达，促进负性共刺激分子CD152的表达。     

In vitro induction of T suppressor lymphocytes in recipients of renal allografts by THF, a thymic hormone

Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in 13 patients, recipients of kidney allografts, 7 of them during an acute rejection episode (ARE). Monitoring of the T lymphocyte suppressor or T helper cells was performed by aid of the theophylline sensitivity test and the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). An absence or a striking decrease of theophylline-sensitive T suppressor cells was found in all patients during ARE. Incubation of the lymphocytes of these patients with a thymic hormone, THF, raised the number of TS lymphocytes from nil or from a very low level to normal or above. The therapeutic use of THF in selected renal allograft recipients is proposed.     

Characterization of circulating suppressor T lymphocytes in bone marrow transplant recipients

Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 21 bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients and normal controls were studied for surface expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and classic T cell markers, including Leu 2, Leu 3, and Leu 4. Although resting T cells from normal subjects did not express HLA-DR or HLA-DQ molecules, up to 86% (range 22-86%) of T cells from BMT recipients expressed HLA-DR. Interestingly, less than or equal to 8% of the cells expressed HLA-DQ, and less than or equal to 3% had receptors for interleukin-2 (IL-2). When T lymphocytes were harvested from BMT recipients one month postransplant, they failed to produce IL-2 constitutively or after stimulation with various mitogens. Further analysis of patient cells revealed that 20-67% of their T lymphocytes were positive for both Leu 2 and Leu 15 (2+, 15+; normal range = 5-8%). Since 2+, 15+ cells from normal subjects have potent suppressor activity, we tested whether the cells from BMT recipients would suppress production of IL-2 from normal cells. In coculture studies, we found that cells from 5/5 BMT patients suppressed normal IL-2 production up to 70%. If patient cells were irradiated (3000 rads) prior to coculture, suppressor activity was abrogated. We propose that the cells described here may play a prominent role in the slow recovery of the immune system in BMT recipients.