青藤碱抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞活力、迁移和侵袭

目的:观察青藤碱对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞活力、迁移和侵袭的影响,并探讨其可能的分子机制。方法:分别采用不同浓度的青藤碱处理SKOV3细胞12、24和48 h,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期,采用Transwell实验检测细胞迁移率和侵袭率,同时采用Western blot法检测细胞周期素(cyclin)A、cyclin D1、E-cadherin和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)的蛋白表达水平。结果 :随着青藤碱作用浓度和作用时间的增加,SKOV3和IOSE80细胞活力逐渐降低,青藤碱作用SKOV3和IOSE80细胞48 h的半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为2.12 mmol/L和17.35 mmol/L;青藤碱可呈剂量依赖性地诱导SKOV3细胞发生G_0/G_1期和S期阻滞(P0.05),抑制SKOV3细胞迁移和侵袭(P0.05),下调cyclin A、cyclin D1和MMP-9蛋白水平(P0.05),并上调E-cadherin蛋白水平(P0.05)。结论 :青藤碱可在体外抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞活力、迁移和侵袭,这可能与其下调cyclin D1、cyclin A和MMP-9蛋白水平,以及上调E-cadherin蛋白水平有关。     

LncRNA MEG3 impacts proliferation,invasion, and migration of ovarian cancer cells through regulating PTEN

Objective and design

We investigated the expressions of lncRNA MEG3 and PTEN in ovarian cancer tissues and their effects on cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis of ovarian cancer.

Methods

Expression levels of MEG3 in ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. Cell invasion capability was tested by transwell assay. Cell migration capacity was tested by wound healing. The xenograft model was constructed to explore the effect of lncRNA MEG3 on ovarian cancer in vivo.

Result

Compared with normal ovarian cells, expression levels of MEG3 and PTEN were relatively lower in ovarian cancer cells. There was a positive correlation between the expression of PTEN and the expression of MEG3. Enhanced expression level of PTEN suppressed SKOV3 cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis rate, and decreased cell invasion and migration.

Conclusion

LncRNA MEG3 and PTEN were down-regulated in ovarian cancer cells. LncRNA MEG3 regulated the downstream gene PTEN in ovarian cancer cells to prohibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and block cell cycle progression.

     

LncRNA MEG3 impacts proliferation,invasion, and migration of ovarian cancer cells through regulating <Emphasis Type="Italic">PTEN</Emphasis>

Objective and design

We investigated the expressions of lncRNA MEG3 and PTEN in ovarian cancer tissues and their effects on cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis of ovarian cancer.

Methods

Expression levels of MEG3 in ovarian cancer cell lines and normal ovarian cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. Cell invasion capability was tested by transwell assay. Cell migration capacity was tested by wound healing. The xenograft model was constructed to explore the effect of lncRNA MEG3 on ovarian cancer in vivo.

Result

Compared with normal ovarian cells, expression levels of MEG3 and PTEN were relatively lower in ovarian cancer cells. There was a positive correlation between the expression of PTEN and the expression of MEG3. Enhanced expression level of PTEN suppressed SKOV3 cell proliferation, increased cell apoptosis rate, and decreased cell invasion and migration.

Conclusion

LncRNA MEG3 and PTEN were down-regulated in ovarian cancer cells. LncRNA MEG3 regulated the downstream gene PTEN in ovarian cancer cells to prohibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and block cell cycle progression.

     

Systemic mesenchymal stem cells reduce growth rate of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in women and resistant to chemotherapy is the major obstacle for the five-year survival rate. Cisplatin is one of the effective anticancer drug used in the ovarian cancer. To find a good strategy to cure the tumors which is resistant to cisplatin, the cisplatin-resistant 3SKOV3 cells were selected from SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the isolated mesenchymal stem cells were infused systemically to try to cure the transplanted tumor induced by 3SKOV3 cells in nude mice. The morphology and cell membrane CD44 expression were investigated by microscope and flow cytometry. The biological behaviors of resistant 3SKOV3 and its parental SKOV3 cells, including proliferation, adhesion, and cell cycle were determined by CCK8, absorbance assay and FCM methods. The transplanted tumors were set up in nude mice with 3SKOV3 cells injection. The growth rate of transplanted tumors was detected following with MSCs injection. The 3SKOV3 cells have different morphologic manifestation and expressed high level of CD44 molecule. At the same time, 3SKOV3 cells have less adhesion ability and less S-phase ratio. The isolated MSCs from bone marrow could inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor via systemic injection. The cisplatin-resistant 3SKOV3 cells have the different biological behaviors as its parental SKOV3 cells. The present study indicated that systemic MSCs have the therapeutic role on ovarian cancer. However, further investigations are in progress to elucidate the underlying mechanism.     

野生型PTEN基因对卵巢癌细胞株的影响

目的： 观察转入野生型PTEN基因的卵巢癌细胞生物学行为变化，探索该基因对卵巢癌细胞周期的影响和抑制肿瘤侵袭的机制。 方法： 将野生型PTEN基因的pcDNA3.1Hygro(-)真核质粒载体转染SKOV3细胞系，潮霉素筛选稳定表达细胞株并扩增培养；采用流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞周期变化；用MTT法检测细胞抑制率。分别用RT-PCR检测转染前后PTEN mRNA表达水平变化；采用重组基底膜侵袭模型，观察转染前后细胞侵袭力的变化。 结果： 成功转染SKOV3并稳定表达PTEN，转染PTEN可以明显改变SKOV3细胞周期，使其阻滞于S期；明显抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭力。 结论： 提示转染外源野生型PTEN基因可使SKOV3细胞周期阻滞于S期，并且通过抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭与生长，而具有明显的抑癌作用。     

Efficient Inhibition of Ovarian Cancer by Gelonin Toxin Gene Delivered by Biodegradable Cationic Heparin-polyethyleneimine Nanogels

The use of toxins for cancer therapy has great promise. Gelonin, a potent plant toxin, causes cell death by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunit. Recently, we developed a novel gene delivery system using biodegradable cationic heparin-polyethyleneimine (HPEI) nanogels. In the current study, the antitumor activity of a recombinant plasmid expressing gelonin (pGelonin) on human ovarian cancer was assessed. The application of HPEI nanogels, was also evaluated. Gelonin-cDNA was cloned into the pVAX1 plasmid vector and transfected into SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells using biodegradable cationic HPEI nanogels. The expression of gelonin in vitro and in vivo was confirmed using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined using an MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. For the in vivo study, an SKOV3 intraperitoneal ovarian carcinomatosis model was established, and nude mice were randomly assigned into four groups receiving i.p. administration of pGelonin/HPEI complexes, pVAX/HPEI complexes, HPEI alone and 5% glucose solution. The tumor weight was monitored, and a TUNEL assay and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate apoptosis and cell proliferation in the tumor tissue sections, respectively. Gelonin was efficiently expressed in SKOV3 cancer cells in vitro and in vivo using pGelonin incorporated with HPEI nanogels. The pGelonin/HPEI complexes inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in the cell culture. Treatment for intraperitoneal carcinomatosis with pGelonin/HPEI complexes reduced the tumor weight by ~58.55% compared to the control groups (P<0.05). The antitumor effect was accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation (P<0.05). No significant side effects were observed with i.p. administration of the pGelonin/HPEI complexes. Our data indicate that HPEI nanogel-delivered pGelonin may have promising applications against human ovarian cancer.     

miR-502-3p 通过靶向结合 CBL 抑制卵巢癌增殖并诱导凋亡

目的 探究微小 RNA 502-3p (micro RNA 502-3p, miR-502-3p) 通过靶向结合 Casitas B 细胞淋巴 瘤 (Casitas B-cell lymphoma, CBL) 参与卵巢癌增殖和凋亡的机制。 方法 下载 GSE66957、 GSE119056、 TCGA_ OV 卵巢癌相关数据矩阵, 分析 miR-502-3p、 CBL 与卵巢癌的关系; 构建过表达 miR-502-3p、 CBL 的 SKOV3 和 HO8910 细胞系, 分别采用细胞计数试剂盒 ( cell counting kit 8, CCK-8)、 克隆形成实验、 流 式细胞术检测细胞增殖和凋亡情况; 通过荷瘤裸鼠实验, 观察过表达 CBL 对肿瘤生长的影响; 验证 miR502-3p 与 CBL 的靶向关系。 结果 生物信息学分析显示, 卵巢癌组织中 CBL 水平高于癌旁组织, miR-502- 3p 水平低于癌旁组织, CBL 水平与患者预后、 细胞增殖基因表达有关 (P< 0. 05)。 miR-502-3p 与 CBL 存在 靶向关系, 与 Vector 组比较, CBL 组肿瘤的体积及重量增加 (P< 0. 05); 与 miR-NC 组比较, miR-502-3p 组 SKOV3、 HO8910 细胞中 CBL 蛋白表达、 细胞活力、 克隆数降低, 细胞凋亡率升高 (P< 0. 05), 但 CBL 可逆转上述细胞变化。 结论 miR-502-3p 可通过靶向下调 CBL 抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖, 并诱导其凋亡。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子与卵巢癌的关系

目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (basic fibroblast growth factor,b FGF)对卵巢癌细胞增殖、浸润和肿瘤血管生成的影响 ,及 b FGF单克隆抗体 (b FGF monoclonal antibody,b FGF- MAb)的治疗作用。　方法　将人卵巢癌细胞株 SKOV3接种于 2 4孔板 ,加入不同浓度的 b FGF,每日行结晶紫染色后测定光密度 (D4 90 )值 ,绘制细胞生长曲线 ;将 SKOV3细胞团接种于铺设有细胞外基质凝胶的 4孔板 ,每日测定癌细胞在凝胶中的浸润距离 ;建立 SKOV3细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型 ,每周两次分别将 b FGF、b FGF-MAb和生理盐水注射于移植瘤周围 ,8周后测量肿瘤体积 ;对移植瘤组织切片行 因子的免疫组化染色、测定肿瘤内微血管密度 (microvessel density,MVD)。　结果　 b FGF能促进 SKOV3细胞增殖并呈浓度依赖 ,实验第 5天 ,5 ng/ml、10 ng/ml组细胞 D4 90 值是对照组的 1.0 9倍和 1.2 1倍 ;b FGF能促进 SKOV3细胞浸润并呈浓度依赖 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,第 7天 ,5 ng/ml、10 ng/ml组细胞浸润距离分别是对照组的 1.5 3倍和2 .4 5倍 ;b FGF组移植瘤体积和 MVD分别是对照组的 1.80倍和 1.4 6倍 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,b FGF- MAb组移植瘤体积和 MVD分别是对照组的 6 3.7%和 6 2 .8% (P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　b FGF能明显促进卵巢癌细胞的增殖、     

Retinoic acid aliphatic amide inhibits the AMPK-HIF-1α pathway in human ovarian cancer

Ovarian carcinoma the commonly observed gynecological cancers has a high mortality rate. In the present study effect of retinoic acid aliphatic amide (RACA) in ovarian cancer cells was investigated using proliferation, migration and invasion assays. Western blot was used to examine the Bcl-2, cleaved caspase 3, p-ERK, MMP-2, p-FAK, P-P38, p-AMPKα and HIF-1α protein expression. CoCl₂ was used to induce HIF-1α expression in SKOV3ip. 1 and HEY-A8 cells. The results revealed that RACA treatment prompted cell proliferation, invasion and migration but inhibited apoptosis of SKOV3ip. 1 and HEY-A8 cells. RACA treatment also induced upregulation of Bcl-2 and MMP-2, activation of p-P38, p-ERK and p-FAK, inhibition of cleaved caspase 3. RACA treatment also caused upregulatation of HIF-1α in ovarian cells with the activation of p-AMPKα. Upregulation of HIF-1α expression in CoCl₂-treated cancer cells resulted in decrease in SDHB. Thus RACA plays a key role in cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of human ovarian carcinoma through AMPK-HIF-1α pathway.     

小檗碱对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3 增殖及凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨小檗碱对人卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3)增殖及凋亡的影响。方法:MTT 法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪Annexin V/ PI 双染色法和透射电子显微镜检测细胞凋亡情况;甲基化特异性PCR 分析hMLH1 基因启动子区CpG 岛的甲基化状态;实时荧光定量RT-PCR 检测Bcl-2、Bax、Survivin 和hMLH1 mRNA 基因的表达。结果:小檗碱对卵巢癌SKOV3 细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05),呈剂量和时间依赖性。当与顺铂联用时,小檗碱对卵巢癌细胞有协同抗癌作用。小檗碱可明显诱导SKOV3 细胞凋亡,并下调Bcl-2、Survivin 基因及上调Bax 基因的表达。此外,小檗碱能恢复hMLH1 启动子的甲基化状态及增强hMLH1 mRNA 的表达。结论:小檗碱可抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖及诱导细胞凋亡,小檗碱可协同增强抗癌药物顺铂的抗肿瘤作用。     

重组人苗勒抑制物对2株卵巢癌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:探讨重组人苗勒抑制物(rhMIS)对人卵巢癌细胞株OVCAR8及SKOV3细胞生长的影响。方法:Western blotting检测细胞中MISII型受体(MISIIR)蛋白表达,激光共聚焦显微镜观察MISIIR蛋白在细胞中定位。rhMIS分别干预2株卵巢癌细胞,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞增殖变化;软琼脂克隆实验检测细胞体外成瘤性;流式细胞术分析rhMIS对细胞凋亡和细胞周期影响。结果:OVCAR8细胞表达MISIIR蛋白,其定位于细胞表面及细胞质中,SKOV3细胞中MISIIR蛋白表达缺损。经rhMIS作用48h后,OVCAR8细胞的生长速率显著减慢、细胞体外成瘤性明显降低、细胞发生凋亡和G1期细胞增加,rhMIS(10mg/L)干预后细胞凋亡率和G1期细胞比率分别可高达(31.3±2.1)%和(70.4±3.0)%,与SKOV3细胞比较差异显著(P0.01)。结论:重组人苗勒抑制物可以抑制MISIIR蛋白表达的卵巢癌细胞增殖、诱导其凋亡、阻滞细胞周期,这有望成为治疗卵巢癌的一个新靶点。     

穿心莲内酯对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3侵袭与凋亡的影响

目的:观察穿心莲内酯对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV-3侵袭与凋亡的影响并探讨初步的作用机制。方法:CCK-8法检测不同浓度(0、5、10、20和40μmol/L)的穿心莲内酯对SKOV-3细胞作用不同时间(12、24、36和48h)后,SKOV-3细胞存活率的变化;Transwell法与TUNEL法分别检测SKOV-3细胞侵袭能力与凋亡能力的变化;Western blot法检测p-PI3K、p-Akt与p-mTOR蛋白水平的变化。结果:CCK-8法检测结果显示,随着浓度增加与培养时间延长,穿心莲内酯对SKOV-3细胞存活率的抑制程度增强;采用20μmol/L穿心莲内酯培养SKOV-3细胞36h后,SKOV-3细胞的侵袭数明显降低,凋亡数明显增加(P0.05),p-PI3K、p-Akt与p-mTOR的蛋白水平明显降低(P0.05)。结论:穿心莲内酯能够抑制卵巢癌细胞SKOV-3的活力与侵袭能力,增强凋亡能力,这可能与抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。     

DICER activates autophagy and promotes cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer by binding with let-7i-5p

ObjectiveDrug resistance is the main obstacle in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to explore the mechanism of DICER in NSCLC resistance and its downstream signaling pathways.MethodsThe A549 cisplatin (DDP)-resistant strain A549/DDP was established. A549/DDP cells were transfected with DICER- and let-7i-5p-related vectors, and treated with autophagy activator rapamycin. The cell viability and apoptosis were tested by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The formation of autophagosomes was observed with a transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and Western blot assay were conducted to detect expression levels of DICER, let-7i-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was implemented to confirm the targeted binding of DICER and let-7i-5p.ResultsDICER was highly expressed in DDP-resistant NSCLC tissues and cells, and DICER could target and negatively regulate the expression of let-7i-5p. DDP treatment could inhibit the viability and promote cell apoptosis of A549/DDP cells. Downregulation of DICER in A549/DDP cells exhibited a decrease of cell viability, a decreased ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and autophagosomes, together with an elevation of cell apoptosis rate and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Treatment of rapamycin and let-7i-5p inhibitor reversed the effects of downregulated DICER in cell viability, ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, autophagosomes, cell apoptosis rate and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in A549/DDP cells.ConclusionOur research suggests that DICER promotes autophagy and DDP resistance in NSCLC through downregulating let-7i-5p, and inhibits the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.     

Tumor-associated macrophages promote the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma cells by enhancing CXCL16/CXCR6 expression

This study investigated the underlying mechanism by which C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16)/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) signaling is activated by tumor-associated macrophages and assists in regulating the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma. Specimens of ovarian carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissue were collected from 20 ovarian carcinoma patients. Human THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages, which were then co-cultured with SKOV3 cells and low concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to simulate the inflammatory microenvironment of ovarian carcinoma. Additionally, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CXCR6 was transfected into SKOV3 cells; after which, the levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) protein and phosphorylated PI3K and Akt were measured. The migration and invasion abilities of the SKOV3 cells were also tested. The levels of TNF-α, interluekin-6 (IL-6), NF-κB p65, CXCL16, and CXCR6 expression in the ovarian carcinoma tissues were higher than those in the precancerous tissues. CXCR6 expression was positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL16 expression. Co-culture of SKOV3 cells with macrophages significantly promoted CXCL16, CXCR6, NF-κB, and p65 expression by the SKOV3 cells, increased their levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt, and increased the migration and invasion abilities of SKOV3 cells. Silencing of CXCR6 or blocking the PI3K/Akt signal pathway markedly attenuated the expression of NF-κB p65 and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, as well as the migration and invasion abilities of SKOV3 cells. These findings demonstrate that macrophages can promote the migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells by affecting the CXCL16/CXCR6 pathway.     

miR-141-3p对卵巢癌的作用及其机制

目的:探究miR-141-3p在卵巢癌中的作用及其相关的分子机制.方法:实时荧光定量PCR检测30例卵巢囊肿和30例卵巢癌组织中miR-141-3p和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的表达水平.将SKOV3细胞分为NC组(无转染的SKOV3细胞),miR-141-3p组(SKOV3细胞转染miR-141-3p),LV-EG...     

抗HER-2嵌合抗体chA21对SKOV3细胞增殖的抑制及诱导其凋亡的作用

目的：探讨抗HER-2嵌合抗体chA21在体外抑制高表达HER-2的人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡的作用。方法：采用MTT比色法、HE染色、透射电镜、流式细胞术及TUNEL染色法等观察和检测chA21对人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3增殖抑制和凋亡的诱导作用：结果：chA21（0．2mg／L～5．4mg／L）可显著抑制SKOV3细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡．其作用呈剂量和时间依赖性：结论：chA21在体外可显著抑制SKOV3细胞的增殖，诱导凋亡可能是其主要的作用途径，     

Activated platelets enhance ovarian cancer cell invasion in a cellular model of metastasis

Increased platelet counts and systemic coagulation activation are associated with ovarian cancer progression. Platelet activation occurs in the tumor microenvironment and may influence local invasion and metastasis. We used a cellular model of tumor invasion to investigate the effect of activated platelets on the human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3. SKOV3 cells were exposed to washed, thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP)-activated or TRAP-naïve platelets under various experimental conditions, and tumor cell invasion was assayed in Matrigel^® chambers. The effect of platelets on the content of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and VEGF in SKOV3 cell conditioned medium was measured using an ELISA assay. TRAP-activated platelets stimulated a dose-dependent increase in SKOV3 cell invasion. Exposure to activated platelet membranes and to soluble proteins contained in activated platelet releasate both contributed to the observed increase in invasion. The inhibition of platelet activation with prostaglandin E1 (PGE₁) attenuated the invasive capacity of SKOV3 cells. Exposure to platelets resulted in significantly increased uPA and VEGF content of SKOV3 cell conditioned medium. Activated platelets enhance SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell invasion through Matrigel^® and increase the amount of uPA and VEGF secreted into SKOV3 cell conditioned medium. If generalizable to additional cell lines and human disease, this observation may partially explain the adverse prognosis associated with thrombocytosis in ovarian cancer. Platelets, therefore, may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in human ovarian cancer.     

胡桃醌对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞氧化应激和凋亡的影响

 目的: 探讨胡桃醌对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的毒性作用及机制。方法: 采用MTT法检测胡桃醌对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞生长的作用;流式细胞术检测胡桃醌对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响;采用DCF-DA染色荧光显微镜观察细胞内的活性氧簇(ROS)水平;采用Western blot检测卵巢癌SKOV3细胞细胞色素C(Cyt C)和活化caspase-3的水平。结果: 与对照组比较,胡桃醌对SKOV3细胞的生长有明显抑制作用,且抑制作用随药物浓度和时间的增加而增强(P<0.05)。流式细胞术检测50 μmol/L胡桃醌作用细胞24 h和48 h后诱导细胞凋亡,早期凋亡率和晚期凋亡率均高于对照组(P<0.01)。胡桃醌显著提高细胞内的ROS水平,上调细胞Cyt C和活化caspase-3的蛋白水平。结论: 胡桃醌通过促进SKOV3细胞ROS的积累诱导细胞凋亡和抑制细胞生长。     

黄芩素诱导乳腺癌细胞自噬

目的:考察黄芩素诱导乳腺癌细胞的自噬作用,并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用MTT实验考察黄芩素对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞活力的影响,确定给药剂量。Western blot检测黄芩素(25、50和100μmol/L)及联合自噬抑制剂3-MA作用下,MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞中自噬特征蛋白LC3-Ⅱ和LC3-Ⅰ的表达水平,流式细胞术Annexin V/PI双染法观察3-MA对黄芩素诱导MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞凋亡的影响,确认黄芩素诱导自噬的作用。通过Western blot考察自噬信号通路相关蛋白p-mTOR、mTOR、p-AKT和AKT的蛋白水平,结合AKT-mTOR激活剂EGF明确AKT-mTOR通路在黄芩素诱导乳腺癌自噬中的作用。结果:50μmol/L及其以上剂量的黄芩素可显著抑制乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞的活力,其作用具有显著的时效和量效性。Western blot结果表明,50和100μmol/L黄芩素作用下MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞的LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比例显著增强,3-MA加入后又明显降低。流式细胞术结果显示,相比黄芩素单用组,联合自噬抑制剂可促进MCF-7细胞的坏死和凋亡。通路蛋白研究表明mTOR和AKT总量不变,其活化蛋白水平在黄芩素作用下显著降低,而加入EGF后又再次增加。结论:黄芩素可通过抑制AKT-mTOR通路诱导乳腺癌MCF-7细胞和4T1细胞自噬。     

FTO accelerates ovarian cancer cell growth by promoting proliferation,inhibiting apoptosis,and activating autophagy

ObjectiveFat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is identified as a critical demethylase involved in various physiological processes. Despite efforts have been made to study the biological functions of FTO in certain cancers, the role of FTO in ovarian cancer is largely unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the function of FTO on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of ovarian cancer cells.MethodsQuantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect FTO expression in ovarian tumor tissues and ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, COC1, HO-8910 and A2780. SKOV-3 cells were constructed with FTO overexpression and A2780 cells were constructed with FTO knockdown. CCK-8 assay was used to examine cell viability and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Activity assay kits were applied to detect caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels. Western blot was performed to measure the expressions of FTO, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3, ATG5, P62, p-AKT and AKT. Stable FTO-overexpression SKOV-3 cells or FTO-depletion A2780 cells were injected subcutaneously into male Balb/c-nu mice. Xenografted tumors were assayed by H&E staining. Immunohistochemistry was subjected to measure FTO and Ki67 expressions.ResultsFTO was up-regulated in ovarian tumor tissues compared with non-cancerous ovarian tissues. FTO overexpression markedly increased viability and autophagy function, but decreased apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, FTO overexpression promoted AKT phosphorylation. In contrast, FTO silence showed the opposite effect.ConclusionFTO accelerated ovarian cancer cell growth by promoting proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and activating autophagy.