腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌32例疗效观察

对32例低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜下全直肠系膜切除术(TME),结果手术均获成功,平均手术时间230min,平均失血量90 ml,术后2～3 d恢复胃肠功能并下床活动,平均住院时间9 d,无死亡病例.认为腹腔镜下TME治疗低位直肠癌安全可靠,且具有创伤小、术后康复快、并发症少等优点.     

全直肠系膜切除术治疗老年中低位直肠癌临床疗效

目的 观察全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗老年中低位直肠癌的临床疗效.方法 选择2000 ～ 2008年50例老年直肠癌患者(观察组),采用TME治疗;另选1995～2000年的30例老年直肠癌患者(对照组),采用传统手术治疗.比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间,以及保肛率、局部复发率、3年生存率.结果 观察组手术时间为( 110±15) min,术中出血量为(105±40) ml,住院时间为(14.5±2.0)d;对照组分别为( 188±24) min、(345±119)ml、(18.6±1.8)d,两组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).观察组保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、3年生存率分别为80.0％、6.0％、84.0％,对照组分别为0、26.7％、60.0％,两组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 TME治疗老年中低位直肠癌可缩短手术及住院时间,减少术中出血量,降低局部复发率,提高生存率及保肛率.     

直肠癌经肛全直肠系膜切除术的临床研究现状

直肠癌是常见病、多发病,微创手术是直肠癌外科的发展趋势。该文就直肠癌的外科治疗简介、经肛全直肠系膜切除术(transanal total mesorectal excision,TaTME)起源、应用现状、应用指征、疗效以及吻合重建等问题作一综述。     

腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术后患者低位前切除综合征的发生率及影响因素的Meta分析

目的 系统评价腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术(transanal total mesorectal excision, taTME)后患者低位前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome, LARS)的发生率及影响因素。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EmBase、Ovid、EBSCO、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普数据库等,检索时间为建库至2021年10月。采用RevMan 5.3软件和Stata 12.0分别进行影响因素和发生率的分析。结果 本研究最终纳入文献11篇,共730例患者。结果显示,腹腔镜辅助taTME后患者LARS发生率较高,术后12个月最高。腹腔镜辅助taTME后3个月患者LARS发生率为69.8%(P<0.001),术后6～9个月发生率为62.3%(P<0.001),术后12个月发生率为73.8%(P<0.001)。术后6个月轻度LARS发生率为22.5%(P<0.001),重度LARS发生率为45.5%(P<0....     

经肛全直肠系膜切除与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术后肛门功能的比较

目的探索与传统腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术（lap-TME）相比,经肛全直肠系膜切除术后（TaTME）的肛门功能情况。 方法回顾收集2015年1月至2018年3月在北京大学人民医院胃肠外科施行的直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术患者资料40例,其中TaTME组20例,lap-TME组20例,用直肠低位前切除综合征（LARS）评分量表比较lap-TME与TaTME两组患者术后的肛门功能。 结果TaTME组与lap-TME组相比,术中出血量、手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目、术后住院天数、远切缘和环周切缘等方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。术后3个月内TaTME组LARS总评分和各项评分均显著高于lap-TME组（均P<0.05）。术后1个月两组患者在排气控制和稀便漏出两项问题中的得分差异存在统计学意义（均P<0.05）,术后2个月、3个月两组患者在排气控制、稀便漏出与排便后1小时内再次排便三项问题差异均存在统计学意义（均P<0.05）。两组患者在排便次数和排便急迫问题上差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论在术后早期,接受TaTME手术患者的肛门功能可能差于lap-TME患者,但随着术后时间的延长,经过适当的功能锻炼,TaTME术后肛门功能可在一定程度上得到改善。     

低位前切除术与经腹会阴联合切除术治疗中低位直肠癌疗效比较

直肠癌外科治疗的主要肠道重建方式为低位前切除术（EAR）和腹会阴联合切除术（APR）,全直肠系膜切除术（TME）是中低位直肠癌治疗的标准手术。为探讨在TME前提下肠道重建方式对直肠癌预后的影响,本文回顾分析了中低位直肠癌患者用LAR、APR术式治疗的相关临床资料。现报告如下。     

全直肠系膜切除术治疗老年中低位直肠癌的疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜与开腹直肠系膜切除术治疗老年中低位直肠癌患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2010年1月至2012年12月来该院就诊的120例60岁以上中低位直肠癌患者作为研究对象,根据入院顺序随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组按照传统操作方法进行开腹全直肠系膜切除术;观察组接受腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术。结果观察组术中出血量〔(85.8±27.3)ml〕少于对照组〔(120.2±32.4)ml〕(U=6.3,P<0.01);观察组术后镇痛时间、术后排气时间、留置导尿管时间及术后住院时间分别为(2.2±0.7)d、(47.2±13.2)h、(4.5±1.3)d和(9.7±3.4)d,均短于对照组的(4.0±1.1)d、(96.7±26.5)h、(7.0±2.9)d和(13.9±5.8)d(U=10.7、13.0、6.1、4.8,P<0.01)。观察组标本长度、肿瘤距下切缘距离和淋巴结清扫数目分别为(18.3±4.2)cm、(3.7±1.8)cm和(20.4±5.3)个,对照组分别为(19.8±5.2)cm、(3.4±1.6)cm和(21.7±6.2)个,两组间差异无统计学意义(U=1.7、1.0、1.2,P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜与开腹直肠系膜切除术治疗老年中低位直肠癌患者的临床疗效相当,具有创伤小、住院时间短、出血量少、减少疼痛等优势。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术的若干问题探讨

83例直肠癌患者在根治术中行全直肠系膜切除术（TME）和盆腔自主神经保留术（PANP）,观察其疗效并了解术后泌尿和生殖功能情况。术后随访5～38个月。术后肿瘤发生盆腔内局部复发3例,肝转移2例。其中1例行肝转移瘤手术切除,1例行肝动脉介入栓塞。认为直肠癌术中行TME能有效预防和降低直肠癌术后的局部复发率;如同时行PANP,可以改善患者术后的排尿功能与性功能,提高患者的术后生存质量。TME有术后的吻合口瘘发生率增高和直肠、肛门丧失储便功能之弊。     

老年直肠癌患者腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口瘘的相关因素

目的探讨老年直肠癌腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(TME)后吻合口瘘发生的原因。方法将2012年2月至2013年5月郑州大学附属肿瘤医院普外科96例行TME老年直肠癌患者,分析目前该科老年患者TME后吻合口瘘的危险因素。结果单因素分析和多因素分析年龄70岁、男性、肿瘤下缘距肛门距离5.0 cm;镜下吻合钉匣数目≥3个是老年TME后吻合口瘘发生的主要危险因素。结论年龄70岁、男性、肿瘤下缘距肛门距离5.0 cm;镜下吻合钉匣数目≥3个是老年腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术发生的主要危险因素。     

腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术治疗中、低位直肠癌的临床研究

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术(TME)治疗中、低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法选择中、低位直肠癌患者96例,随机分为观察组与对照组各48例,观察组在腹腔镜下行TEM术,对照组则行开腹TME术,对比两组患者临床疗效。结果观察组术后肛门排气时间、住院时间及手术切口长度、术中出血量、术后VAS疼痛评分、围术期并发症发生率、术后性功能及泌尿功能障碍发生率等方面均显著优于对照组(P0.05),而手术时间、保肛率、肿瘤转移及复发率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术治疗中、低位直肠癌疗效确切且安全可靠,可在达到传统开腹手术疗效基础上降低并发症发生率。     

腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌

目的探讨按照全直肠系膜切除(TME)原则，腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术(Miles)治疗低位直肠癌的可行性。方法按照TME治疗原则，在腹腔镜辅助下，对14例低位直肠癌患者实施TME腹会阴联合切除术。结果14例患者均手术顺利。手术时间120～240分钟，平均180分钟．术中出血30～180ml，平均50ml；术后1～2天恢复胃肠功能并下床活动，住院5～14天，平均为6天。术后6例应用镇痛剂，无术中及术后并发症发生。结论腹腔镜腹会阴联合切除术治疗低位直肠癌，能完全达到TME要求，且创伤小、术后疼痛轻、恢复快。     

Laparoscopic anterior resection and total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a prospective nonrandomized study

Background The purpose of this study was to present our experience of laparoscopic total mesorectal resection, including ultralow resection and coloanal anastomosis. Materials and methods Between 1993 and 2005, patients fit for general anesthesia, with resectable cancers, and with lower edge of tumor beyond 5 cm of the anal verge were subjected to laparoscopic anterior resection with sphincter preservation. Double stapling technique is used to establish bowel continuity. Results A total of 170 patients, 88 males and 82 females, were subjected to successful laparoscopic anterior resection, which included high anterior resection (n=90), low anterior resection (n=52), ultralow anterior resection (n=20), and coloanal anastomosis (n=8). The average age of patients was 58.4 years (12–90 years). Mean operating time was 130 min and mean hospital stay was 7 days. The morbidity was 13.5% with nil mortality. With an average follow-up of 49 months (range 9 years to 3 months), 9 patients developed local recurrence and 45 patients developed distant metastasis. Conclusion In selected cases, laparoscopic anterior resection is possible for all levels of rectal tumors, allowing sphincter preservation and maintaining oncological safety.     

闭合式切除术在直肠癌腹腔镜全系膜切除根治术中的应用效果研究

目的评价闭合式切除术（CE）在直肠癌腹腔镜全系膜切除（TME）根治术中的临床应用效果。 方法以潍坊医学院附属寿光市人民医院2011年2月至2014年6月收治的54例原发性直肠癌患者为研究对象,30例为实验组进行CE＋ TME腹腔镜根治术,24例为对照组进行TME腹腔镜根治术。术中均联合动脉灌注化疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、环周切缘（CRM）阳性比例、术后恢复饮食时间、肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生比例及术后1年局部复发比例等指标。 结果术中出血量（t=11.775,P<0.001)显著低于TME组,CE＋TME组手术时间（t=2.207,P=0.035）、术后肛门排气时间（t=2.059,P=0.045）、导尿管置留时间（t=2.083,P=0.042）、术后1年内局部复发率（χ²=3.97,P=0.047）显著低于TME组;淋巴结清扫数目显著高于TME组（t=9.613,P<0.001）。 结论CE可显著降低TME术后局部复发率,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

机器人和腹腔镜治疗中低位直肠癌对照研究

目的对比机器人和腹腔镜治疗中低位直肠癌的近期疗效。 方法自2017年3月18日至2017年10月25日,共有56例中低位直肠癌患者在解放军总医院普通外二科接受直肠癌根治术,患者被随机分组接受机器人或腹腔镜手术,对两组的临床资料进行了比较。 结果最终机器人组27例,腹腔镜组29例。机器人组较腹腔镜组在手术时间、术后镇痛时间、排气时间、恢复饮食时间、导尿管留置时间、住院日和淋巴结清扫数目方面差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。机器人组术中失血量比腹腔镜少［（77.0±50.0）mL vs.（121.0±129.8）mL］,但差异无统计学意义（Z=-1.825,P=0.068）。机器人组术后有1例吻合口漏和1例肠梗阻,腹腔镜组术后有1例吻合口出血和1例肺部感染,术后并发症发生率方面差异无统计学意义（7.4% vs. 6.9%,χ²=0.006,P=1.000）。 结论机器人和腹腔镜直肠癌根治术围术期效果相当,远期功能学和肿瘤学效果有待进一步随访。     

Ultrasonically activated scalpel versus monopolar electrocautery shovel in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

AIM： To investigate the feasibility and safety of monopolar electrocautery shovel （ES） in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision （TME） with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer in order to reduce the cost of the laparoscopic operation, and to compare ES with the ultrasonically activated scalpel （US）.
METHODS： Forty patients with rectal cancer, who underwent laparoscopic TME with anal sphincter preservation from June 2005 to June 2007, were randomly divided into ultrasonic scalpel group and monopolar ES group, prospectively. White blood cells （WBC） were measured before and after operation, operative time, blood loss, pelvic volume of drainage, time of anal exhaust, visual analogue scales （VAS） and surgery-related complications were recorded. RESULTS： All the operations were successful; no one was converted to open procedure. No significant differences were observed in terms of preoperative and postoperative d I and d 3 WBC counts （P = 0.493, P = 0.375, P = 0.559）, operation time （P = 0.235）, blood loss （P = 0.296）, anal exhaust time （P = 0.431）, pelvic drainage volume and VAS in postoperative d 1 （P = 0.431, P = 0.426） and d 3 （P = 0.844, P = 0.617） between ES group and US group. The occurrence of surgery-related complications such as anastomotic leakage and wound infection was the same in the two groups.
CONCLUSION： ES is a safe and feasible tool as same as US used in laparoscopic TME with anal sphincter preservation for rectal cancer on the basis of the skillful laparoscopic technique and the complete understanding of laparoscopic pelvic anatomy. Application of ES can not only reduce the operation costs but also benefit the popularization of laparoscopic operation for rectal cancer patients.     

Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with abdominal wall lift in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer:initial experience

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new technology combining low-pressure pneumoperitoneum(LPP) and abdominal wall lift(AWL) in laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(TME) for rectal cancer.METHODS From November 2015 to July 2017,26 patients underwent laparoscopic TME for rectal cancer using LPP(6-8 mm Hg) with subcutaneous AWL in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,Jinan,China.Clinical data regarding patients' demographics,intraoperative monitoring indices,operation-related indices andpathological outcomes were prospectively collected.RESULTS Laparoscopic TME was performed in 26 cases(14 anterior resection and 12 abdominoperineal resection) successfully,without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery with standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum.Intraoperative monitoring showed stable heart rate,blood pressure and paw airway pressure.The mean operative time was 194.29 ± 41.27 min(range:125-270 min) and 200.41 ± 20.56 min(range:170-230 min) for anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection,respectively.The mean number of lymph nodes harvested was 16.71 ± 5.06(range:7-27).There was no positive circumferential or distal resection margin.No local recurrence was observed during a median follow-up period of 11.96 ± 5.55 mo(range:5-23 mo).CONCLUSION LPP combined with AWL is safe and feasible for laparoscopic TME.The technique can provide satisfactory exposure of the operative field and stable operative monitoring indices.     

Total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: laparoscopic vs robotic surgery

AIM: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer.METHODS: This is a retrospective study on a prospectively collected database containing 111 patients who underwent minimally invasive rectal resection with total mesorectal excision(TME) with curative intent between January 2008 and December 2014(robot, n = 53; laparoscopy, n = 58). The patients all had a diagnosis of middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma with stage?Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease. The median follow-up period was 37.4 mo. Perioperative results, morbidity a pathological data were evaluated and compared. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated and compared.RESULTS: Patients were comparable in terms of preoperative and demographic parameters. The median surgery time was 192 min for laparoscopic TME(L-TME) and 342 min for robotic TME(R-TME)(P 0.001). There were no differences found in the rates of conversion to open surgery and morbidity. Thepatients who underwent laparoscopic surgery stayed in the hospital two days longer than the robotic group patients(8 d for L-TME and 6 d for R-TME, P 0.001). The pathologic evaluation showed a higher number of harvested lymph nodes in the robotic group(18 for R-TME, 11 for L-TME, P 0.001) and a shorter distal resection margin for laparoscopic patients(1.5 cm for L-TME, 2.5 cm for R-TME, P 0.001). The three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between groups.CONCLUSION: Both L-TME and R-TME achieved acceptable clinical and oncologic outcomes. The robotic technique showed some advantages in rectal surgery that should be validated by further studies.     

Total mesorectal excision: Assessment of the laparoscopic approach

PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence for rectal cancer; however, the ability to perform total mesorectal excision laparoscopically remains unproven. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and adequacy of a totally laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. METHODS: A prospective review of all patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted surgery for rectal cancer by a single surgeon was undertaken. These were compared with a control group undergoing open rectal resections by another colorectal consultant in the unit (n=22). Comparison of total specimen length, longitudinal and radial excision margins, and lymph node yield was made between groups. RESULTS: Of 42 laparoscopic-assisted rectal resections attempted, 14 (33 percent) were converted to open procedures and six had their dissection completed open. One resection was considered noncurative. Twenty-one total mesorectal excisions (50 percent) were completed totally laparoscopically. No significant difference was detected between groups for specimen length, radial margin, or lymph node yield. Longitudinal margin of excision was longer in the laparoscopic group (4 (3.5–5)vs. 2.5 (1.05–3.5) cm;P=0.02, Mann-Whitney). Operating time was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (180 (168–218)vs. 125 (104–144) minutes;P=0.003, Mann-Whitney). Data are medians (inter-quartile ranges). Four patients in the laparoscopic-assisted group had clinical anastomotic leakagevs. one in the open group (P=0.329, Fisher's exact test). At median follow-up of 38 (range, 6–53) months, one local recurrence had occurred in each group and crude mortality rates were 29 and 23 percent in the laparoscopic-assisted and open groups, respectively (P=0.736, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: Totally laparoscopic excision of the mesorectum is feasible in 50 percent of patients and where possible yields histologic parameters comparable to open surgery. Early survival and recurrence figures also appear to be comparable.Drs. Hartley and Mehigan are University Research Fellows supported by Autosuture UK.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Washington, D.C., May 1 to 6, 1999.