大学生BMI与身体素质指标的相关性

分析河南省大学生体质量指数(BMI)与身体素质的关系,为探讨近年来我国青少年身体素质下降的原因提供参考.方法 利用2010年河南省学生体质健康调研数据,依据BMI标准将人群分为低体重、正常体重和超重肥胖组.计算身体素质指标(50 m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐、耐力跑和坐位体前屈)的Z分,5项Z分之和为身体素质指数(PFI).研究BMI与各项体能指标以及PFI的关系.结果 河南省大学生BMI总体分布在14.69~33.49 kg/m2,76.84%的大学生处于正常范围(18.5~24 kg/m2).肺活量、握力随BMI升高而增大,经过体重校正后的肺活量指数和握力指数则相反.男生3个体重组(低体重组、正常体重组和超重肥胖组)的PFI均值分别为-0.84,0.16,-1.86.男生的PFI、立定跳远、引体向上、1000m跑、坐位体前屈不同体重组间的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);两两比较显示,低体重组、正常体重组身体素质指标均优于超重肥胖组.PFI与BMI呈现负相关(r=-0.105,P<0.05),肺活量、握力与BMI呈正相关(P值均<0.05),引体向上/仰卧起坐、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、耐力跑、50 m跑、肺活量指数和握力指数均与BMI呈现负相关(P值均<0.05).结论 BMI与大学生的身体素质密切相关,且低体重组、正常体重组身体素质优于超重肥胖组.     

河南省高校学生身体素质状况1985-2010年变化趋势

了解河南省高校学生身体素质状况1985-2010年间变化趋势,为科学开展学校体育卫生工作提供依据.方法 利用河南省1985-2010年6次全国体质健康调研数据,选取14 545名19~22岁在校大学生作为对象,以50 m跑、立定跳远、女生1 min仰卧起坐/男生引体向上、女生800 m/男生1000m跑为指标分析身体素质25 a来的变化情况.结果 50 m跑男生平均下降0.6 s,乡村女生下降0.7 s,城市女生下降0.8 s;立定跳远城乡男生分别提高4.7,8.7 cm,城乡女生分别提高3.0,6.9 cm;城乡男生引体向上分别下降2.9,3.1次,城乡女生1 min仰卧起坐分别提高1.8,3.8次;城乡男生1000m跑分别下降19.5,30.1 s,城乡女生800 m跑分别下降15.3,24.1s.结论 1985-2010年河南省高校学生身体素质指标水平降多升少,下肢爆发力水平提升,速度、耐力等素质呈下降趋势.     

安徽省大学生近20年间运动素质状况分析

目的了解近20年间安徽省大学生运动素质变化,为加强体育教育工作提供依据。方法利用1985年、2005年全省学生体质健康调研资料中19~22岁大学生运动素质测试结果,采用SPSS11.5统计分析。结果20年间安徽省大学生运动素质有一定变化,速度素质50m跑城乡男生、下肢暴发力素质立定跳远城乡男女生呈现上升;耐力素质1 000m/800m跑城乡男女生均明显下降;力量素质斜身引体/仰卧起坐城乡男生下降,女生提高,提高幅度乡村学生高于城市学生;城乡差距逐渐缩小。男生除1 000m跑外各项指标均为乡村优于城市;女生仰卧起坐城市优于乡村,800m跑和坐位体前屈乡村优于城市。2005年各项指标均值均低于全国大学生平均水平(2000年)。结论我省大学生运动素质水平不容乐观。教育部门要加强学生体育工作,增加学生体育锻炼时间。     

重庆市农村不同体型学生的身体机能发育状况

目的　了解重庆市农村不同体型学生的生理功能和素质状况 ,以探讨体型对儿童青少年生理功能和素质发育的影响。方法将 2 1 51名 7～ 1 8岁男女生各年龄组按维尔维克指数分型 ,重点比较粗壮型 (第 1组 )与瘦长型 (第 3组 )肺活量、握力、立定跳远、50m跑、50m× 8往返跑 (7～ 1 2岁男女 )、80 0m跑 (1 3～ 1 8岁女生 )和 1 0 0 0m跑 (1 3～ 1 8岁男生 )的差别。结果　学生的肺活量、握力和立定跳远均值随年龄增加而增大 ,50m跑、50m× 8往返跑、80 0m跑和 1 0 0 0m跑均值随年龄增大而减小 ,各年龄组各项指标皆为男生优于女生 ;同性别、同年龄不同维尔维克指数分型的肺活量和握力均值皆为第 1组 >第 3组 ,各素质指标均值在大多数年龄组也是第 1组优于第 3组。结论　形态指标与生理功能指标和素质指标密切相关。     

医学生BMI与体质测试指标相关性

目的探讨医学生体质指数(BMI)和大学生体质健康标准测试成绩之间的相关性。方法根据《国家学生体质健康标准》中所确定的测试指标和方法 ,对3 997名医学生进行体质测试,指标包括身高、体重、肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上、仰卧起坐及左右眼视力;BM I与体质测试指标的相关性分析采用Pearson相关性检验。结果医学生BM I均值为(21.79±1.84)kg/m~2,87.57%的学生处于BMI正常范围内,超重肥胖学生比例为10.84%;BMI正常组男、女生肺活量体重指数[分别为(61.4±12.73)、(53.08±14.1)mL/kg]和男生立定跳远[(2.27±0.22)m]、座位体前屈[(11.24±7.04)cm]及引体向上[(6.36±4.16)个]成绩均明显高于超重肥胖组(P0.05);BMI正常组男生视力水平[左眼(4.68±0.25)、右眼(4.68±0.27)]、女生视力水平[左眼(4.68±0.24)、右眼(4.67±0.27)]和女生立定跳远[(1.68±0.17)m]、座位体前屈[(13.12±6.76)cm]成绩均明显高于低体重组和超重肥胖组(P0.01);BMI与女生50 m跑用时呈正相关(r=0.049,P0.01),与男、女生立定跳远、坐位体前屈、引体向上、仰卧起坐成绩及左右眼视力呈负相关(P0.05)。结论 BMI等级与医学生不良的体质健康有关联。     

功能性体能训练对大学男生体质健康水平的影响

探讨功能性体能训练对大学生体质健康的影响,为切实提高大学生体质健康水平提供锻炼方案.方法 将常州工学院土木建筑工程学院2016级全部90名男大学生为研究对象,随机均分为对照组和实验组,在2次/周的90 min体育课上,实验组接受45 min的功能性体能训练,共进行6周;实验前后,对照组和实验组进行肺活量、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、50 m跑、引体向上、1000m测试.结果 经过6周的训练,对照组学生体重、体质量指数(BMI)、50 m跑、立定跳远、肺活量和引体向上6项指标与实验前相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);实验组体重、BMI 2项指标明显下降,肺活量、50 m跑、立定跳远、1000m跑和引体向上5项指标均有明显的提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),坐位体前屈差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).实验后,实验组各项测试指标除坐位体前屈外均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).结论 6周功能性体能训练可以提高大学生体质健康水平,是常规体育课的重要补充手段.     

适用于基层单位的体质测试指标体系

1．形态指标：反映体格总体水平，测试指标为身高、体重。2．机能指标：反映肺功能指标为肺活量，反映心血管功能为安静时脉搏。3．身体素质与运动能力指标：SOm跑（速度）；小学男女生400m跑，初中男生1000m跑和女生800m跑，高中和大学男生1500m跑和女生800m跑（耐力）：立定跳远（爆发力）；小学男女生屈臂悬垂计时，初中以上男生引体向上和女生屈臂悬垂计时（力量）；10m×4往返跑（灵敏性）；立位体前屈（柔韧性）等。适用于基层单位的体质测试指标体系     

广西在校男大学生体能测试成绩与身体肌肉参数的相关性

探究广西医科大学在校男大学生体测成绩与身体肌肉参数的相关性,为改善大学生体质健康提供科学依据.方法 随机抽取607名广西医科大学在校男大学生作为研究对象,并采用奥美体成分测量仪(TANITA MC-180)测量肌肉量、肌肉量比值.参照国家体质健康测试标准统一测试被试的肺活量、50 m跑、1000m跑、坐位体前屈、立定跳远及引体向上的成绩.采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行相关分析.结果 不同肌肉量水平组男大学生BMI、肺活量及肺活量体重指数差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为228.415,10.794,40.245,P值均<0.01),即男大学生的体质量指数(BMI)、肺活量均值均为肌肉量多组>肌肉量平均组>肌肉量少组,而肺活量体重指数均值为肌肉量少组>肌肉量平均组>肌肉量多组.3组被试的立定跳远、坐位体前屈及引体向上的成绩差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为4.036,4.027,52.250,P值均<0.05),其中立定跳远、坐位体前屈成绩的均值均为肌肉量平均组最高,引体向上成绩均值肌肉量多组最低.3组被试的50m跑和1000m跑得分差异均无统计学意义.3组被试的肺活量和1000m跑成绩的及格率均达到50%以上,立定跳远、坐位体前屈和50 m跑成绩的达标率均达到87%以上,而各肌肉量水平的男大学生引体向上成绩的不及格率均高达75%以上.结论 男大学生不同的肌肉量对体测成绩有不同的影响.保持适当的肌肉量,加强锻炼身体各部位肌肉力量,对改善大学生体质健康有一定帮助.     

内地西藏班高中生与汉族学生体格体能及视力不良率比较

了解内地西藏班高中生的体格体能、视力不良率与内地汉族学生的差异,为提高内地西藏班学生身体素质提供参考.方法 采用随机整群抽样法抽取江苏2所内地西藏高中班546名16~18岁藏族学生和2 071名汉族学生,对身高、体重、50 m跑、800/1 000 m跑、立定跳远、引体向上/仰卧起坐、裸眼远视力等指标进行测试,分析身体形态、生理功能和身体素质、视力等方面的差异.结果 内地西藏班高中男、女生BMI、50 m跑、立定跳远均值均低于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);引体向上、男生1000m跑、女生800 m跑成绩均高于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);16~18岁男、女生的视力不良率(61.8%,63.5%,64.1%;62.1%,64.0%,65.3%)均低于汉族(82.7%,84.3%,86.2%;79.1%,88.4%,92.4%),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别16.08,15.89,18.03;11.94,32.48,42.63,P值均<0.01).结论 内地西藏班高中生与汉族学生在身体生理功能、身体素质、视力不良率等方面存在一定差异.应采用多种干预措施,有效促进内地西藏高中生的体格体能、体质健康、视力的良性发展.     

北京市不同营养状况中小学生运动素质比较

通过对比不同营养状况中小学生的运动素质,探讨肥胖、营养不良与运动素质的关系.方法 按分层整群抽样原则,在北京市抽取城郊7个区7~17岁6 600名中小学生,检测身高、体重、50 m跑、立定跳远、仰卧起坐/引体向上、耐力跑、坐位体前屈等指标,并对检测结果进行分析.结果 中小学生肥胖检出率为13.89%,营养不良检出率7.40%.4个学段男女学生中,肥胖学生与正常学生运动成绩比较,50 m跑、立定跳远和仰卧起坐/引体向上、耐力跑成绩差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),且肥胖学生成绩均低于正常学生.营养不良学生与正常学生相比,相对肥胖学生与正常学生成绩差异较小.但50 m跑、立定跳远、坐位体前屈3个项目,营养不良学生成绩均差于正常学生.结论 肥胖和营养不良能引起少年儿童运动素质的降低.应尽早采取干预措施,预防和控制儿童肥胖和营养不良的发生.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.