高体质量指数大学生低有氧适能训练对主观幸福感的影响

探讨高体质量指数(BMI),低有氧适能大学生参与承诺约束训练对主观幸福感的影响,为指导学生建立科学合理的锻炼计划提供参考.方法 对山东理工大学54名身体质量指数>24 kg/m2的大学生进行有计划并在承诺约束下的有氧运动和抗阻力量训练.在训练前和训练4,8,12周后,分别测试力量、BMI及有氧适能指标,采用大学生总体幸福感量表(GWB)进行主观幸福感测量.结果 训练8周或12周后,男、女生BMI、Vo2max及台阶试验指数与训练前比较均有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).训练12周后,男、女生主观幸福感的精力、对生活的兴趣与满足、愉快(或忧郁)的心境、松弛与焦虑(紧张)等因子得分及主观幸福感总分与训练前差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).BMI与主观幸福感的对健康的忧虑与担心因子呈正相关,与精力、对生活的满足和兴趣、愉快(或忧郁)的心境、松弛与焦虑(紧张)等因子呈负相关;Vo2max及台阶试验指数分别与对健康的忧虑与担心之外的其他因子呈正相关.结论 大学生高BMI的降低和低有氧适能的提高能增强主观幸福感.     

大学生感恩心理对主观幸福感的实验研究

目的通过研究感恩心理来了解大学生主观幸福感的现状,并通过实验研究来探讨感恩干预是否对大学生主观幸福感具有临床应用价值。方法以山西大同大学学生为被试者,把他们随机分为2组,一组作为实验组,另一组为控制组;采用实验组控制组前测后测的实验设计,在实验过程中,要求实验组写感恩拜访日记,控制组写心情日记。测量工具使用总体幸福感量表（GWB）。结果①各个影响因素对主观幸福感都具有显著影响,其中影响最大的是对生活的满足与兴趣,其他因素的影响从大到小依次是对情感和行为的控制、松弛和紧张、对健康的担心、抑郁或愉快的心境、精力。②在后测中,实验组在总体幸福感量表上的得分显著高于控制组（t=5．106,P〈0．01）。结论感恩心理可以对主观幸福感及其因子进行预测,感恩心理对提高大学生主观幸福感有效果。     

中学生移情与主观幸福感的相关研究

目的了解中学生移情与主观幸福感的关系。方法利用中国版基本移情量表、主观幸福感量表测查752名中学生的移情状况及移情与主观幸福感的相关性。结果不同家庭经济状况的中学生认知移情与情感移情得分差异不显著;不同父子关系中学生的认知移情、情感移情得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;中学生的认知移情、情感移情与总体幸福感、愉快和忧郁心境均呈显著正相关。结论移情与父子关系有关,与家庭经济状况无关;移情可能是影响中学生主观幸福感的重要因素。     

咸阳市三级甲等医院医务人员主观幸福感对工作稳定性影响

目的了解咸阳市三级甲等医院医务人员主观幸福感和工作稳定性现状,为提高医务人员工作满意度及优化医院管理提供参考。方法采用总体幸福感量表和离职倾向量表,于2017年6月对咸阳市2所三级甲等医院1 434名医务人员进行调查。结果咸阳市三级甲等医院医务人员主观幸福感和工作稳定性得分分别为70.68±8.580和15.35±3.327,不同年龄、职称医务人员主观幸福感得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同年龄、工龄、职称医务人员工作稳定性得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关性分析发现,主观幸福感及其各维度与工作稳定性呈显著相关(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析表明,工作稳定性受年龄、主观幸福感、对生活的兴趣和满足、忧郁或愉快、松弛或紧张的影响最大(Beta=0.118、0.265、-0.142、0.252、0.067,均P0.05)。结论咸阳市三级甲等医院医务人员主观幸福感较低,主观幸福感与工作稳定性相关,年龄、主观幸福感以及对生活的满足和兴趣、忧郁或愉快、松弛或紧张维度对工作稳定性影响较大。     

留守流动经历大学生核心自我评价在领悟社会支持和心理健康状况间的中介作用

探讨童年期流动、留守经历大学生心理健康、领悟社会支持和核心自我评价的现状和相互关系,为改善童年期流动、有留守经历大学生心理健康状况提供参考.方法 采用问卷调查524名留守经历(留守组),223名流动经历(流动组),182名既有留守又有流动经历(留守+流动组),1 161名普通大学生(普通组)的心理健康、核心自我评价和领悟社会支持.结果 有流动经历大学生心理健康、核心自我评价和领悟社会支持得分与普通组差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);留守经历大学生心理健康、核心自我评价、家庭支持得分均低于普通组和流动组(P值均<0.05);留守+流动经历大学生心理健康、核心自我评价、领悟社会支持得分均低于普通组和流动组(P值均<0.05).4个群体中心理健康、核心自我评价、领悟社会支持间均有统计学意义相关(P值均<0.01).在4个群体中,核心自我评价在领悟社会支持和心理健康的关系间均发挥完全中介作用.结论 童年期流动经历对大学生心理状况无负面影响,留守经历对大学生心理状况有持续的负面影响.     

咸阳市医务人员主观幸福感及影响因素

目的了解咸阳市医务人员主观幸福感及其影响因素,为提高医务人员工作满意度及医疗服务质量提供参考。方法采用总体幸福感量表,于2017年6月对咸阳市8所二级以上医院2 600名医务人员进行调查。结果咸阳市医务人员总体幸福感得分为70.96±9.278,不同性别、年龄、工龄、婚姻状况、职称医务人员总体幸福感得分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同性别医务人员在情感控制、精力、对生活的满足和兴趣3个维度方面得分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同年龄、工龄、职称、婚姻状况医务人员在健康担心维度得分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),不同职称医务人员在情感控制和忧郁与愉快2个维度方面得分差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),多元线性回归分析表明,对健康担心维度受性别、婚姻状况影响最大(β=0.052、-0.056),对生活的满足和兴趣维度受年龄、职称的影响最大(β=-0.154、0.069)。结论咸阳市医务人员主观幸福感较低,不同个体特征医务人员主观幸福感存在一定的差异。     

湖北省武汉市肿瘤科护士主观幸福感的现状调查

目的了解肿瘤科护士的主观幸福感水平现状,为医院管理者对肿瘤科护士进行有效管理提供科学依据。方法采用总体幸福量表对武汉市6家三级甲等医院536名肿瘤科护士进行问卷调查研究。结果肿瘤科护士的总体幸福感量表的平均得分为78.48±13.69分,显著于高国内一般女性常模(P<0.01);平均得分排在后6位的题项所归属的因子是精力、忧郁或愉快的心境。结论武汉市肿瘤科护士的主观幸福感水平较好,并针对调查结果中反映出来的一些不乐观情况,为医院管理者提供一些有针对性的建议。     

大学生述情障碍对主观幸福感的影响

探讨大学生述情障碍对主观幸福感的影响,为增强大学生自我了解与改善心理健康水平提供依据.方法 方便选取宁夏大学大一至大四本科生426名,使用多伦多述情障碍(TAS-20)中文版量表和主观幸福感(SWB)量表进行测试.结果 大学生的述情障碍得分在性别、是否独生子女、学科上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),主观幸福感总分在学科、是否独生子女、年级间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).大学生述情障碍得分与主观幸福感得分呈负相关(P<0.01).述情障碍量表中的情感识别障碍和情感描述障碍对主观幸福感有负向预测作用(P值均<0.01).结论 大学生主观幸福感受述情障碍的影响.增强情感识别和情感描述能力能够提升大学生主观幸福感.     

贫困大学生疏离感与主观幸福感关系分析

目的了解贫困大学生疏离感现状及其与主观幸福感的关系,为提高贫困大学生心理健康水平提供依据。方法分层随机抽取某高校524名大学生,采用疏离感和主观幸福感量表进行施测。结果贫困生疏离感显著高于普通生,主观幸福感较低,表现在对健康的担心、精力、忧郁及紧张因子上;高、低疏离感组幸福感得分差异均有统计学意义。情感行为的控制、城乡和年级因素对疏离感有一定预测作用。结论贫困生有高疏离感,低主观幸福感;主观幸福感、城乡和年级因素对疏离感有一定影响。     

社会支持和家庭功能在围绝经期综合征与主观幸福感间的链式中介效应

目的 探讨社会支持和家庭功能在围绝经期综合征与主观幸福感间的链式中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法，选取2021年9月—2022年3月辽宁省锦州市的40～60岁围绝经期女性550例为研究对象，应用改良Kupperman评分量表进行围绝经期综合征测评，应用社会支持评定量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷及总体幸福感量表对其进行问卷调查。结果 共回收有效问卷494份。494例围绝经期女性中有380例女性出现围绝经期综合征，114例未出现，围绝经期综合征检出率为76.9%。出现围绝经期综合征人群对健康的担心、精力、对生活的满足和兴趣、忧郁或愉快的心境、对情感和行为的控制、松弛与紧张及主观幸福感总分[(7.37±3.01)分、(18.79±4.54)分、(6.73±1.97)分、(15.87±3.84)分、(12.39±2.58)分、(16.92±4.45)分及(78.07±15.95)分]均低于未出现人群[(8.60±2.85)分、(22.25±3.56)分、(7.89±1.60)分、(19.00±2.11)分、(14.18±1.55)分、(20.51±3.47)分及(92.44±9.43)分],差异均有统...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.