石河子大学学生食品安全知信行调查

了解石河子大学学生食品安全知识、态度、行为现状及其影响因素,为大学生食品安全健康教育提供参考依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取石河子大学16个学院大学生567名进行自编食品安全知识、态度及行为问卷调查.结果 大学生食品安全知识平均得分为(5.46±2.17)分,其中女生得分(5.74±2.74)高于男生(5.18±2.17),汉族学生得分(5.54±2.56)高于少数民族学生(4.92±2.23),月消费在301 ~400元的学生得分最高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).电视(54.5%)、网络(54.1%)是大学生获取食品安全信息和知识的主要途径.大学生食品购买场所主要在超市(80.8%).当遭受到劣质食品侵害时,选择与经营者交涉更换或退货的占22.4%.结论 大学生食品安全知识掌握欠缺,性别、民族、月消费水平是影响大学生食品安全知识得分的主要因素.应有针对性地开展高校营养健康教育工作.     

杭州师范大学学生网购食品行为现状分析

目的了解大学生网上购买(网购)食品的行为现状,并分析可能的影响因素,为促进大学生食品安全行为提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样法,对杭州师范大学466名大学生进行问卷调查和数据分析。结果 67.1%的大学生有过网购食品行为,女生有过网购食品行为的比例(67.2%)高于男生(45.8%)(P0.05);49.5%的学生平均每月网购食品的花费为50元~100元,73.3%网购种类为休闲食品,67.4.%从未买到过劣质或过期食品,仅23.9%了解过网售食品质量和来源情况;了解食品安全信息的主要渠道是网络(80.0%),63.5%想了解网购食品安全常识,57.1%想了解网购食品安全现状。结论网购食品已成为当今大学生食品消费主要途径,网购食品安全问题已对大学生健康产生威胁,应加强相关教育的有效性和针对性。     

兰州市大学生营养与食品安全知识、态度和行为调查分析

目的了解兰州市大学生对食品营养与食品安全知识、态度和行为(KAP)的认知现状,为进一步开展营养健康教育提供帮助。方法对兰州市某高校856名大学生进行随机分层整群抽样,制订调查问卷,匿名进行问卷调查。结果该校856名大学生中,营养与食品安全方面知识得分及格率为29.9%,态度得分及格率为42.6%,行为得分及格率为41.2%,3个年级之间学生对食品营养和食品安全知识、态度和行为得分及格率无统计学意义(P>0.05),男生与女生在营养与食品安全方面知识和态度得分及格率无统计学意义(P>0.05),而男生与女生之间行为得分及格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论该市大学生对营养与食品安全方面KAP的认知现状不容乐观,应进一步加大对大学生进行营养和食品安全健康教育的力度。     

中国大学生艾滋病知信行现状分析

了解男女大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为现状,为制定适合当前大学生的干预策略和方案提供依据.方法 采用不记名方式,对全国46所高校的全日制大学生通过分类整群非随机抽样的方法进行问卷调查.结果 男女大学生艾滋病相关知识认知程度均不高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生对艾滋病感染者的态度较男生更为宽容、理性(P<0.01);男生发生婚前性行为的有33.37%,女生有14.66%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男女生婚前性行为中采取艾滋病预防措施的分别为47.17%,48.93%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);女生认为不该发生婚前性行为的比例高于男生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 男女生在艾滋病相关知识、对感染者的态度及婚前性行为方面存在差异.结合大学生社会性别特征开展性健康教育是有效预防艾滋病的重要途径.     

新疆少数民族大学生营养知识、态度和饮食行为与体质指数的关系

目的 了解新疆少数民族大学生营养知识、态度和饮食行为状况及与体质量指数的关系，为提高新疆少数民族大学生营养知识水平，控制体质量提供参考。方法 2021年4—6月在新疆2所大学共抽取1 842名大学生作为调查对象，对营养知识、态度和行为状况进行调查，分析不同体质量指数大学生营养知识、态度、行为之间的差异。结果 新疆少数民族大学生营养知识、营养态度、饮食行为得分分别为(74.26±15.01)、(26.31±3.14)和(35.12±4.92)分。女生在营养知识、态度、饮食行为方面得分均显著高于男生(均P<0.01)。体质量过轻的比例为15.91%，超重和肥胖的学生比例为9.77%。女生体质量过轻的比例显著高于男生，差异有统计学意义(χ²=58.16,P<0.01)；男生超重和肥胖的比例显著高于女生，差异有统计学意义(χ²=142.14,P<0.01)。高年级学生体质量过轻的比例高于低年级学生，同时高年级超重和肥胖的比例则显著低于低年级学生，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。体质量正常的大学生饮食行为得分最高，其次为体...     

黔东南州农村中小学生食品安全认知行为现状

了解农村中小学生食品安全认知行为现状及教育途径,为提高中小学生综合素质提供参考依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样法,抽取黔东南州部分农村中小学共2 283名学生进行问卷调查,了解食品安全认知与行为现状及教育途径.结果 49.0%的农村中小学生知道“QS”标志,35.0%的学生认为吃了没有煮(炒)熟的四季豆不会中毒;44.2%的学生根据“QS”标志购买食品,51.8%的学生不在校园周边无证摊贩处购买食物,49.1%的学生发现过期食品会向商品经营者退还该食品;中学生在食品安全认知方面的比例高于小学生,但消费时的自我保护和生活卫生习惯方面的比例低于小学生(P值均<0.05).76.1%的学校进行食品安全教育的主要途径是由教师告诉学生相关知识;小学在教师告诉学生、知识竞答、广播及课上师生的讨论等食品安全教育途径方面的比例均高于中学(P值均<0.05).结论 黔东南州农村中小学生的食品安全认知与行为水平有待加强,农村中小学要重视并通过丰富多彩的活动加强食品安全教育.     

黔东南州农村中学初中生食品安全认知、行为现状和教育途径调查

目的了解黔东南州农村初中生食品安全认知、行为和农村中学食品安全教育途径现状,分析原因,提出加强食品安全教育的建议。方法按照整群分层随机抽样法,抽取黔东南州农村部分中学共1 080名初中生进行问卷调查。结果知道"QS"标志和认为白开水是最佳饮品最解渴的比例初二最高(P0.05),认为自己食品安全意识很强的比例初一最高(P0.05),食品安全行为所有项目年级差异均有统计学意义;购买食物时会仔细查看有效期和保质期的比例女生比男生多(P0.05)。学校近2年举办过"食品安全"知识竞答和学生关注学校广播里食品安全知识宣传的比例初一最高(P0.05)。结论黔东南州农村初中生的食品安全认知与行为水平亟待加强,农村中学进行食品安全教育显得十分必要和紧迫。     

常州市2013年青少年健康危险行为监测结果

了解常州市青少年健康危险行为流行特征,为卫生与教育部门制定相关干预措施提供依据.方法 采用“中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷”,对多阶段分层整群抽取的17所常州市大、中学校3 645名学生进行问卷调查.结果 男生喝碳酸饮料、锻炼、玩电子游戏、吸烟、饮酒比例高于女生,女生认为体重过重、不健康减肥行为比例高于男生(P值均<0.05).高中生偏食率高(44.3%).职中、大学生玩电子游戏、现在吸烟、现在饮酒报告率较高,职中男生分别为24.7%,35.7%,45.1%,职中女生分别为14.9%,16.4%,33.7%;大学男生分别为10.5%,27.9%,61.3%,大学女生分别为6.9%,0.6%,26.2%,性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 常州市青少年各类健康危险行为存在性别和年龄差异.在制定预防青少年危险行为措施时,要充分考虑年龄、性别和心理特点,重点干预高危人群.     

广东省湛江市区小学生食品消费安全意识分析

目的了解广东省湛江市区小学生食品消费安全意识状况,为职能部门进行针对性宣传教育提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,问卷调查6所小学共1166名在校学生。结果 1166人中91.1%的学生认同食品和健康的关系,87.0%认为有必要学习相关知识;93.5%的学生消费时注意商品安全信息;94.7%的学生能正确认识食品添加剂,上述4项比例女生高于男生;33.9%的学生知道"QS"的含义;66.38%学生消费时关注营养价值。获取知识的途径依次是家人、媒体、老师、宣传讲座。结论湛江市区中小学生购买食品安全意识较好,女生优于男生,但存在购买误区和知识不足等问题,学校和相关部门在此方面尚未发挥很好作用。     

暨南大学内外招大学生营养知信行调查分析及比较

目的了解暨南大学内外招大学生食品营养知识-态度-行为(K-A-P)的现状,比较内外招大学生之间K-A-P的差异。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,对645名暨南大学内外招大学生进行食品营养K-A-P问卷调查。结果内外招大学生营养K及格率均超过50%,A及格率均超过80%;P分及格率均低于40%;女生K-A-P各项得分均明显高于男生(P<0.05),但内外招大学生K-A-P三项得分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);相关性分析显示,内外招大学生的营养知识、营养态度和膳食行为之间均呈正相关关系;外招生从广播、网络、亲友、医生和课堂获得营养知识的比例均高于内招生(P<0.05)。结论暨南大学内外招大学生对营养知识有一定程度的了解,态度良好但普遍存在不合理的饮食行为,他们在一些营养知识、营养态度和膳食行为上存在着差异。     

Investigation and Control of Anthrax Outbreak at the Human–Animal Interface,Bhutan, 2010

In 2010, we investigated anthrax outbreak in Bhutan. A total of 43 domestic animals died, and cutaneous anthrax developed in 9 persons, and 1 died. All affected persons had contact with the carcasses of infected animals. Comprehensive preparedness and response guidelines are needed to increase public awareness of anthrax in Bhutan.     

Dengue Virus Transmission by Blood Stem Cell Donor after Travel to Sri Lanka; Germany, 2013

Three days after donation of peripheral blood stem cells to a recipient with acute myeloblastic leukemia, dengue virus was detected in the donor, who had recently traveled to Sri Lanka. Transmission to the recipient, who died 9 days after transplant, was confirmed.     

Long-Term Survival Among Histological Subtypes in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Population-Based Study Using the Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results Database

BackgroundActual long-term survival rates for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are rarely reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the role of histological subtypes in predicting the prognosis among long-term survivors (≥5 years) of advanced EOC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data among patients with stage III-IV EOC diagnosed from 2000 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer data of the United States. We used the chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for the analyses.ResultsWe included 8050 patients in this study, including 6929 (86.1%), 743 (9.2%), 237 (2.9%), and 141 (1.8%) patients with serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors, respectively. With a median follow-up of 91 months, the most common cause of death was primary ovarian cancer (80.3%), followed by other cancers (8.1%), other causes of death (7.3%), cardiac-related death (3.2%), and nonmalignant pulmonary disease (3.2%). Patients with the serous subtype were more likely to die from primary ovarian cancer, and patients with the mucinous subtype were more likely to die from other cancers and cardiac-related disease. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with endometrioid (hazard ratio [HR] 0.534, P<.001), mucinous (HR 0.454, P<.001), and clear cell (HR 0.563, P<.001) subtypes showed better ovarian cancer-specific survival than those with the serous subtype. Similar results were found regarding overall survival. However, ovarian cancer–specific survival and overall survival were comparable among those with endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous tumors.ConclusionsOvarian cancer remains the primary cause of death in long-term ovarian cancer survivors. Moreover, the probability of death was significantly different among those with different histological subtypes. It is important for clinicians to individualize the surveillance program for long-term ovarian cancer survivors.     

Risk for Travel-associated Legionnaires’ Disease,Europe, 2009

Legionnaires’ disease is underreported in Europe; notification rates differ substantially among countries. Approximately 20% of reported cases are travel-associated. To assess the risk for travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease (TALD) associated with travel patterns in European countries, we retrieved TALD surveillance data for 2009 from the European Surveillance System, and tourism denominator data from the Statistical Office of the European Union. Risk (number cases reported/number nights spent) was calculated by travel country. In 2009, the network reported 607 cases among European travelers, possibly associated with 825 accommodation sites in European Union countries. The overall risk associated with travel abroad was 0.3 cases/million nights. We observed an increasing trend in risk from northwestern to southeastern Europe; Greece had the highest risk (1.7). Our findings underscore the need for countries with high TALD risks to improve prevention and control of legionellosis; and for countries with high TALD risks, but low notification rates of Legionnaires’ disease to improve diagnostics and reporting.     

Travel-associated Diseases,Indian Ocean Islands, 1997–2010

Data collected by the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network for 1,415 ill travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands during 1997–2010 were analyzed. Malaria (from Comoros and Madagascar), acute nonparasitic diarrhea, and parasitoses were the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases. An increase in arboviral diseases reflected the 2005 outbreak of chikungunya fever.     

Outbreak of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin–Associated Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Rugby Team,France, 2010–2011

Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin are known to cause community infections. We describe an outbreak of skin abscesses caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin–producing methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (clonal complex 121) in a professional rugby team in France during July 2010–February 2011. Eight team members were carriers; 7 had skin abscesses.     

大龄单身女性寻求生育力保存的伦理问题探析

近年来,在肿瘤和卵巢相关疾病发生率逐年增加、不少大龄单身女性渴望为自己购买一份“生殖保险”等社会及个人因素催化下,人类对于生育力保存的需求急剧增加,满足这一需求正在或将成为重大挑战。对于寻求进行生育力保存的大龄单身女性来说,在合适的年龄应用玻璃化冷冻技术将其卵母细胞冻存是目前可采用的最佳生育力保存手段。而单身女性卵子冷冻将面临来自伦理道德、社会乃至法律的巨大挑战。本文概述国内外大龄单身女性卵子冷冻的现状,并对其可能涉及的相关伦理问题及解决途径进行综述,以促进理性正视单身女性卵子冷冻问题。     

Raccoons and skunks as sentinels for enzootic tularemia

We analyzed sera from diverse mammals of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, for evidence of Francisella tularensis exposure. Skunks and raccoons were frequently seroreactive, whereas white-footed mice, cottontail rabbits, deer, rats, and dogs were not. Tularemia surveillance may be facilitated by focusing on skunks and raccoons.     

Haemophilus ducreyi Associated with Skin Ulcers among Children,Solomon Islands

During a survey of yaws prevalence in the Solomon Islands, we collected samples from skin ulcers of 41 children. Using PCR, we identified Haemophilus ducreyi infection in 13 (32%) children. PCR-positive and PCR-negative ulcers were phenotypically indistinguishable. Emergence of H. ducreyi as a cause of nongenital ulcers may affect the World Health Organization’s yaws eradication program.