第64例:临床表现结节红斑、下肢乏力、活动后憋气

<正>患者女性,15岁,因"四肢结节红斑1年,活动后喘憋1个月"于2015年8月24日入院。患者于2014年中旬出现双下肢红斑,隆起皮面,有压痛,伴持续低热,最高体温37. 5℃,伴盗汗,无咳嗽、咳痰,同时出现活动时双下肢疼痛、乏力。外院予中药等治疗后,红斑逐渐消退,体温恢复正常,双下肢疼痛好转,但仍间断感活动时下肢乏力,未继续诊治。2015年7月患者再次出现左前臂红斑,性质同前,同时出现活动耐量下降,爬2层楼梯喘憋,偶夜间憋醒,咳嗽、咳白     

第55例:临床表现发热、乏力、胸闷、憋气

<正>患者,男性,43岁,因"间断发热9个月,乏力6个月,胸闷、憋气1个月,加重9 d"于2016年6月30日入院。患者2015年10月下旬无明显诱因出现发热,最高体温39.5℃,伴盗汗、双侧球结膜充血,无寒战、咳嗽、咳痰等,当地诊为"肺炎",予"消炎药"静点后体温高峰降至37.5℃。2015年12月24日就诊山东某医院,查血常规:白细胞8.97×109/     

第63例:临床表现乏力、憋气

<正>患者男性,64岁,因"双下肢乏力3年,活动后憋气2年,加重1月"于2017年2月3日入院。2014年起患者步行1 km出现下肢无力,后症状逐渐加重,并出现下肢上抬、下蹲后起立困难。2016年9月患者平地行走时觉憋气、胸闷,间断双下肢水肿,活动耐量进行性下降。2017年1月11日患者平卧入睡时突发严重憋气,胸骨后压迫感,院外查肌酸激酶(CK) 1 445 U/L (24～195 U/L)、肌酸激酶同工酶     

第3例:临床表现心慌、咳嗽、憋气

<正> 患者女性,54岁。因心慌、咳嗽20 d,憋气10 d于2006年2月17日入院。患者入院前20 d受凉后出现干咳,伴间断心慌,无咳痰及发热,凌晨时明显,每天发作3～4次,每次持续数秒至数分钟可自行缓解,偶有胸闷,无头晕、黑矇,无明显胸背痛。2周前症状加重,轻微活动即感气短。外院诊断"快速心房颤动(房颤),心率约175次/min",予静脉推注毛花苷C0.4 mg,及地高辛0.25 mg,1次/d口服,症状     

第36例:临床表现皮疹、干咳、憋气、双下肢水肿

<正>患者男性,66岁。因"皮肤变红、瘙痒1年余,干咳、憋气、双下肢水肿10 d"于2013年5月21日入院。2012年初患者无诱因出现全身皮肤变红、增厚,伴瘙痒、脱屑,未诊治。2012年7月触及腋窝包块,最大直径4 cm,质韧,活动度可,无触痛。2012年10月因皮肤病变加重就诊我院,查血常规:白细胞计数11.18×109/L,嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数4.39×109/L,血红蛋白(HGB)113 g/L,血小板计数488×109/L;肝肾功能均正常,乳酸脱氢酶676 U/L;血沉22 mm/第1小     

第42例:临床表现心悸、胸闷、不能平卧

<正>患者女性,63岁,因"间断心悸4年,加重伴胸闷、不能平卧"3个月于2012年1月10日入院。患者于4年前无诱因出现心悸,每次发作持续3~4 h可自行好转。外院诊断为"心房颤动",予普罗帕酮口服,患者自觉心悸好转后未规律服药,未监测心率及心律。3个月前劳累后再次出现心悸,伴胸闷、不能平卧,逐渐加重并出现双下肢可凹性水肿,无法从事日常活动。我院急诊查:N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-     

第49例:临床表现憋气、脑栓塞

正患者,男性,50岁,因"憋气、活动耐量下降1年半"于2016年6月13日入院。患者于活动后出现胸闷、憋气,后逐渐加重,口服硝酸酯及冠心病二级预防药物症状无改善,近2个月夜间不能平卧,外院冠状动脉造影未见明显异常。超声心动图示左房增大(前后径43 mm),左室壁增厚,左室后壁厚度12 mm,左室收缩及舒张功能减低,少量心包积液,E/A2,左室射血分数42%,考虑限制型心肌病。既往:半年前     

第6例:临床表现憋气、水肿

<正>患者女性,48岁。因反复憋气4个月,加重伴水肿2个月于2008年2月27日入院。患者于2007年11月10日无诱因出现憋气,持续肩背部疼痛9 h,外院行心电图(ECG):窦性心律(59次/min),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V_1～V_4导联ST段弓背抬高(图1),血压85/53 mmHg,心肌酶升高,肌钙蛋白T阳性。诊断为急性心肌梗死(AMI),予组织型纤溶酶原激活物(r-tPA)50 mg静脉溶栓及抗缺血治疗后,症状减轻,心电图ST段稍有回落。3 d后复查ECC可见ST段明显回落(见图2)。接受冠心病二级预防用药。外院心肌酶谱升高持续数周。否认高血压和糖尿病史,否认高脂血症。闭经1个月,无吸烟史。查体:血压90/60 mm Hg,双肺呼吸音清,心音低     

第54例:临床表现发热、憋气

<正>患者,女性,18岁,因"发热3周余,憋气10 d"于2009年6月30日入院。患者于2009年6月初无明显诱因出现咳嗽,痰少,3d后发热,最高体温39℃。6月20日出现腹胀、胸闷及憋气,当地血常规:白细胞12×10~9/L,中性粒细胞分类71.4%,血红蛋白110 g/L,血小板129×109/L;谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(ALT)139 U/L,白蛋白36 g/L,肌酐66μmol/L,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)50.5 s,凝血酶原时间(PT)37.4 s。超声心动图示大量心包积液,左心室射血     

第1例:临床表现胸闷、憋气、咯血

患者，男性，33岁，钻井工人。因胸闷、憋气伴心悸1个月余于1个月前（2006年4月24日）连续重体力劳动10h后突觉左侧胸闷、憋气及隐痛，同时伴心悸、面色苍白、虚汗及全身乏力，随即咯鲜血3口，无发热，无咳嗽、咳痰，无恶心、呕吐、反酸、嗳气，休息后症状缓解，持续约5min。此后胸闷、憋气间断发作，每于平地快步约50m时发生，休息后可缓解，每次持续数分钟，但咯血未再发生，     

第29例:临床表现为胸闷、进行性喘憋加重

患者女性,36岁,因"胸闷3d、伴喘憋加重1d"于2013年1月19日入院.入院前3d患者无明显诱因出现胸闷,呈持续性,无胸痛,日常活动不受限.入院前ld患者活动后气短,逐渐加重出现喘憋,急来我院,查心电图:V1～4呈QS或rS,V1-2 ST段抬高0.1～0.2 mV,Ⅱ、aVF导联ST段压低0.05～0.1 mV(图1),此后观察无动态变化;心肌酶:肌酸激酶(CK) 1049 U/L,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB) 145.1 μg/L,肌钙蛋白I(cTnI) 16.24 μg/L;N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)9824 pg/ml.超声心动图:左心室舒张末径47 mm,室壁运动普遍减弱,射血分数(EF)31％,肺动脉收缩压53 mm Hg.查体:血压106/60 mm Hg,双肺可闻及哮鸣音,未触及明显心尖搏动,心率144次/min,各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性心杂音,腹软,无腹胀,肝脾肋下未触及,移动性浊音(-),肠鸣音正常,四肢无水肿.既往无高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病.     

第27例:临床表现为水肿、呼吸困难、腹泻、发热

<正>患者男性,25岁。因"水肿40余d,加重2周,腹泻、发热3 d"于2011年5月23日入院。患者于入院前40余d出现恶心、纳减,此后出现双下肢水肿,逐渐加重,伴尿量减少。入院前20 d外院查尿常规+沉渣:蛋白>3 g/L,红细胞6～8/HP,异形100%。24 h尿蛋白1.88 g。血生化:白蛋白15g/L,肌酐93μmol/L,总胆固醇17.01 mmol/L,三酰甘油     

Takayasu’s arteritis presenting in a pregnant woman with ankylosing spondylitis: Case report and review of the literature

IntroductionCoincidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Takayasu arteritis (TA) in single person especially women is rare.Case reportWe report a 31 year old Iranian woman with AS from 5 years and giving history of inflammatory low back pain, morning stiffness, bilateral sacroiliac tenderness, positive Schöber test and enthesitis, negative human leucocytic antigen (HLA-B27) and sacroiliitis on plain X-ray. The patient was under treatment. After 2 years she returned with increased back, hip and entheseal pain as well as claudications in left hand during the eighth week of gestation in her first pregnancy. She discontinued the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs three months before pregnancy and on examination was pulseless on the left side. Color Doppler studies showed segmental stenosis and increased intima thickness in subclavian, axillary and proximal brachial arteries of the left hand with reduced blood flow in those arteries. The right hand was normal. Laboratory result showed microcytic anemia (hemoglobin = 10.8 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume = 66 fL) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate = 104/1st hour. The findings were indicative of TA and she was treated with prednisolone and azathioprine and had successful delivery to full term normal boy at 39th week gestation by Caeserian section. She was followed for two more months after delivery with no complications.ConclusionBoth TA and AS have no significant adverse effects on pregnancy if diagnosed and timely treated properly. When they occur concomitantly, more attention and care is needed to prevent complications.     

A Case of Aortic Regurgitation and Hypotension

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its main branches. It can present in various forms, and thereby may lead to a delay in diagnosis. We present a patient with Takayasu arteritis, diagnosed at our center when she presented with severe aortic regurgitation. We also review the current knowledge base with respect to Takayasu arteritis.     

Rare Case of Takayasu Arteritis with Concurrent Aneurysmal Dilation and Stenosis

Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic large vessel vasculitis that primarily affects women aged 10 to 40 years of Asian descent. The inflammatory processes of the disease can result in stenosis and/or occlusion of the aorta and its branches, causing a wide range of symptoms. Rarely, damage of the elastic lamina or muscular media can cause aneurysmal dilation of the affected vessel. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation, laboratory proof of inflammation, and imaging finding of wall thickening in the acute phase and later arterial stenosis or occlusion. Management includes disease control with immunosuppression and some patients might require revascularization. Here, we present a rare case of Takayasu arteritis with both right common carotid artery aneurysmal dilation and stenosis at a conforming site. Although aneurysmal dilation has been sparsely reported in the Takayasu arteritis literature, our case may represent the distinct finding of concomitant dilation and stenosis in this disease.     

Aortic rupture during aortoplasty in Takayasu arteritis – A rare complication: Case report and review of literature

Balloon angioplasty of the stenosed aorta is usually a relatively simple, yet potentially a catastrophic procedure. Aortic rupture during aortoplasty, though uncommon, carries a high mortality. We report case of a 39-year-old female with aortoarteritis with multiple arterial stenoses whose infra-renal abdominal aorta ruptured during balloon dilatation of the stent deployed in that segment. The site of aortic rupture was temporarily occluded by low-pressure inflation of the same balloon and then was sealed using a stent-graft introduced by contra-lateral femoral arterial access.     

大动脉炎的血管造影诊断与介入治疗

目的 :探讨大动脉炎的血管造影诊断与介入治疗价值。方法 :大动脉炎 38例 ,男性 11例 ,女性 2 7例 ,年龄 8～ 5 4岁 ,平均 (30 5± 18)岁 ,均行血管造影检查。由 2名有经验的介入放射学医师按双盲法对其血管造影及介入治疗资料进行回顾性分析 ,然后共同讨论并达成一致意见。结果 :38例中 ,经血管造影按Lupi Herrera的综合分型法属Ⅰ型者 11例 ,Ⅱ型 15例 ,Ⅲ型 7例 ,Ⅳ型 5例。主要受累的动脉包括锁骨下动脉 2 0例 (5 2 6 % ) ,腹主动脉 15例 (39 5 % ) ,肾动脉 4例 (36 8% ) ,胸主动脉 10例(2 6 3% ) ,颈动脉 9例 (2 3 7% ) ,髂动脉 9例 (2 3 7% ) ,腋动脉 7例 (18 4 % ) ,肠系膜上动脉 4例 (10 5 % ) ,冠状动脉 3例 (7 9% ) ,肺动脉 3例 (7 9% )等。 2 2例行经皮腔内血管成形术和 12例行狭窄段支架置入术均获成功。结论 :血管造影有利于大动脉炎的临床诊断与指导治疗 ,血管内介入治疗是一种微创的疗效可靠的治疗手段。     

Takayasu arteritis in Korea: Clinical and angiographic features

Clinical and angiographic features of Takayasu arteritis were investigated in 129 Korean patients. This disease affects females more frequently than males, in a ratio of 6.6 to 1. Of the total number of patients, 51 were in the third decade, 27 in the fourth decade, and 23 in the second decade. Common clinical symptoms were headache (60%), exertional dyspnea (42%), dizziness (36%), and malaise or weakness (34%). Takayasu arteritis affected the abdominal aorta (46%) and descending thoracic aorta (37%) more frequently than the ascending aorta (1%) and aortic arch (2%) According to Ueno's classification based on aortographic findings, the 129 patients were divided into type I (37), type II (25), and type III (67). Among the 48 patients who had coronary angiography, 11 (23%) showed coronary arterial involvement. Because the clinical features are determined by the extent and severity of the specific artery involved in the occlusive phase of the disease, total aortography including coronary angiography is very important in the initial evaluation of Takayasu arteritis.     

Extra-cranial giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis: How similar are they?

ObjectiveTo compare clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and upper extremity (UE) arterial involvement to patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK).MethodsA cohort of patients seen at the Mayo Clinic with TAK diagnosed between 1984 and 2009 and a cohort of patients with GCA and UE arterial involvement diagnosed between 1999 and 2008 were studied.ResultsThe TAK cohort consisted of 125 patients (91% female); the mean age (±SD) at diagnosis was 30.9 (±10) years. The cohort of patients with GCA and UE involvement comprised of 120 patients (80% female); the mean age (±SD) at diagnosis was 67.8 (±7.5) years. The mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was significantly longer in TAK (3.2 years) than GCA (0.5 years), p < 0.001. UE claudication was reported in 40% with TAK and 53% with GCA, p = 0.04. UE blood pressure discrepancy was present in 65% with TAK versus 28% with GCA, p < 0.001. Involvement of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, carotid arteries, innominate artery, mesenteric artery, and left renal artery was more frequently observed in TAK (p < 0.05). Among patients with luminal changes of the thoracic aorta, stenotic/occlusive lesions were predominant in TAK (81% compared to 0% in GCA), whereas aneurysmal disease was more common in GCA (100% compared with 19% in TAK, p < 0.001).ConclusionPatients with GCA and UE involvement differ from patients with TAK in clinical and imaging characteristics. Aortic aneurysms were more common in GCA, while stenotic changes of the aorta were more common in TAK, suggesting different pathophysiologic mechanisms or vascular response to injury.