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Omega-3 fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
Simopoulos AP 《Journal of the American College of Nutrition》2002,21(6):495-505
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Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, one that is associated with significant psychological disability. The psychological
impairments in acne include higher rates of depression, anxiety, anger and suicidal thoughts. Despite a paucity of clinical
research, patients with skin conditions and/or mental health disorders are frequent consumers of dietary supplements. An overlap
may exist between nutrients that potentially have both anti-acne and mood regulating properties; examples include omega-3
fatty acids from fish oil, chromium, zinc and selenium. Here we report on five cases of acne treated with eicosapentaenoic
acid and antioxidant nutrients. Self-administration of these nutrients may have improved inflammatory acne lesions and global
aspects of well-being; the observations suggest a need for controlled trials. 相似文献
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The incidence of some cancers shows dramatic variations around the world that cannot be explained by ethnic or racial differences. Observational studies point to a negative correlation between consumption of fish and incidence of breast and prostate cancer. In vitro and animal model studies indicate that (omega-3) PUFAs present at high concentrations in marine animals inhibit proliferation of cancer cells and growth of tumors. However, how these fatty acids inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth is a matter of considerable debate. In this review we summarize our recent work indicating that Ca(++) depletion mediated phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF2 and subsequent inhibition of translation initiation account for the anti-cancer activity of (omega-3) PUFAs. 相似文献
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
von Schacky C 《Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care》2007,10(2):129-135
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last 2 years in the cardiovascular field eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been investigated in terms of their epidemiology and vascular biology, and in large-scale intervention trials, and incorporated into the guidelines of cardiac societies. EPA and DHA have advanced from scientific research into everyday practice, a development reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS: EPA and DHA are antiarrhythmic on the supraventricular and ventricular levels, besides having an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Fish rich in EPA and DHA, contaminated with methyl-mercury, appears less protective. Large-scale clinical trials demonstrated that morbidity can be reduced with EPA even in a population already consuming large amounts of EPA and DHA. Therapy with EPA and DHA can be monitored with the omega-3 index, a risk factor for sudden cardiac death. EPA and DHA appear to be cost-saving in the USA, and, as Omacor, are cost-effective in several European countries. SUMMARY: European and American Cardiac Societies incorporated EPA and DHA into recent treatment guidelines for myocardial infarction, prevention of cardiovascular disease, treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Physicians need to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease by advocating EPA and DHA to all patients likely to benefit. 相似文献
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von Schacky C 《Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care》2004,7(2):131-136
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Omega-3 fatty acids are gaining acceptance in the cardiovascular field. The present review describes the most recent studies and developments in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: Marine omega-3 fatty acids, that is eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, prevent fatal myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death by their antiarrhythmic effects and presumably also by their effect on infarct size, the latter mediated by plaque stabilization, improvements in endothelial function and other mechanisms. In contrast, a cardioprotective effect of alpha-linolenic acid, a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid, remains to be clearly demonstrated in adequate intervention trials. Other forms of applications, like parenteral use or other indications, like in the psychiatric field, are currently being actively investigated. SUMMARY: Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, but not alpha-linolenic acid, prevent sudden death and other cardiovascular catastrophies, and have therefore been recently incorporated into the pertinent guidelines of European and American cardiologic societies. 相似文献
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Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
A P Simopoulos 《The American journal of clinical nutrition》1991,54(3):438-463
Several sources of information suggest that man evolved on a diet with a ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids of approximately 1 whereas today this ratio is approximately 10:1 to 20-25:1, indicating that Western diets are deficient in omega 3 fatty acids compared with the diet on which humans evolved and their genetic patterns were established. Omega-3 fatty acids increase bleeding time; decrease platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, and fibrinogen; and increase erythrocyte deformability, thus decreasing the tendency to thrombus formation. In no clinical trial, including coronary artery graft surgery, has there been any evidence of increased blood loss due to ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids. Many studies show that the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on serum lipids depend on the type of patient and whether the amount of saturated fatty acids in the diet is held constant. In patients with hyperlipidemia, omega 3 fatty acids decrease low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol if the saturated fatty acid content is decreased, otherwise there is a slight increase, but at high doses (32 g) they lower LDL cholesterol; furthermore, they consistently lower serum triglycerides in normal subjects and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia whereas the effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) varies from no effect to slight increases. The discrepancies between animal and human studies most likely are due to differences between animal and human metabolism. In clinical trials eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oils along with antirheumatic drugs improve joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; have a beneficial effect in patients with ulcerative colitis; and in combination with drugs, improve the skin lesions, lower the hyperlipidemia from etretinates, and decrease the toxicity of cyclosporin in patients with psoriasis. In various animal models omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and increase the time elapsed before appearance of tumors. Studies with nonhuman primates and human newborns indicate that DHA is essential for the normal functional development of the retina and brain, particularly in premature infants. Because omega 3 fatty acids are essential in growth and development throughout the life cycle, they should be included in the diets of all humans. Omega-3 and omega 6 fatty acids are not interconvertible in the human body and are important components of practically all cell membranes. Whereas cellular proteins are genetically determined, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of cell membranes is to a great extent dependent on the dietary intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
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Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in the development and function of the central nervous system. Emerging research
is establishing an association between omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic) and major
depressive disorder. Evidence from epidemiological, laboratory and clinical studies suggest that dietary lipids and other
associated nutritional factors may influence vulnerability and outcome in depressive disorders. Research in this area is growing
at a rapid pace. The goal of this report is to integrate various branches of research in order to update mental health professionals. 相似文献
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Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in health and disease: Part 1--cardiovascular disease and cancer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids have a wide range of beneficial effects in several human health conditions. Animal and in vitro studies have indicated that omega-3 fatty acids affect blood lipid profiles, cardiovascular health, membrane lipid composition, eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell signaling cascades, and gene expression. Findings from epidemiological studies suggest that intake of omega-3 fatty acids from natural sources or supplements may influence the onset and progression of several disease states, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. This review highlights some recent research findings that help advance our understanding of how omega-3 fatty acids influence cardiovascular disease and cancer. 相似文献
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Simopoulos AP 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2002,6(4):203-209
Epidemiological studies in the last 40 years suggest that omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish and fish oil decrease the
risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke, and their complications. The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty
acids include effects on lipids, blood pressure, cardiac and vascular function, eicosanoids, coagulation, and immunological
responses. However, not all population studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids are associated with reduced rates of coronary
mortality. Such studies suffer either from small numbers of subjects or the population already had a high intake of fish.
When comparing the highest intake of fish to that of the lowest fish intake, the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids
have been shown. In population-based case-control studies, the patients consuming modest amounts of fish, the equivalent of
one fatty fish meal per week, had a significant lower risk of primary cardiac arrest compared with those who did not eat fish
at all. In case-control studies, the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid as reflected in adipose tissue
content is inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction. 相似文献
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Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: health benefits throughout life 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Omega-3 [(n-3)] fatty acids have been linked to healthy aging throughout life. Recently, fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA have been associated with fetal development, cardiovascular function, and Alzheimer's disease. However, because our bodies do not efficiently produce some omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources, it is necessary to obtain adequate amounts through fish and fish-oil products. Studies have shown that EPA and DHA are important for proper fetal development, including neuronal, retinal, and immune function. EPA and DHA may affect many aspects of cardiovascular function including inflammation, peripheral artery disease, major coronary events, and anticoagulation. EPA and DHA have been linked to promising results in prevention, weight management, and cognitive function in those with very mild Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
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Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in developed countries. Several factors are involved in its appearance and progress, among which nutrition enjoys a certain protagonism. Until recently, the dietetic criteria for preventing and controlling cardiovascular disease were mainly restrictive (at least in terms of energy and fat intake), but such advice is difficult to follow, and without careful monitoring can lead to deficiencies that might negatively affect quality of life and perhaps even life expectancy. Several investigations show that some components of the lipid fraction of the diet, such as omega-3 fatty acids, are beneficial with respect to cardiovascular disease, and these have become the centre of much attention. This paper reviews the results of some of these studies and evaluates the benefit of these fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease. The sources of omega-3 fatty acids, their recommended consumption, possible mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects are discussed. 相似文献
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Bazan NG 《Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care》2007,10(2):136-141
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize recent findings that docosahexaenoate (DHA) is the precursor of stereospecific derivatives with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. RECENT FINDINGS: The docosahexaenoate-derived mediator neuroprotectin D1 is formed in retinal pigment epithelial cells when confronted with oxidative stress, in the brain during experimental stroke, and in the human brain from Alzheimer's disease patients as well as in human brain cells in culture. Neuroprotectin D1 displays potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioactivity. SUMMARY: Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that in brain ischemia-reperfusion and in retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to oxidative stress stereospecific docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways are activated and lead to the formation of docosanoid messengers. Two docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways were identified: the first is responsible for the formation of the messenger neuroprotectin D1 and the second pathway, which is active in the presence of aspirin, leads to the formation of the resolvin-type mediators (17R-DHA). Neuroprotectin D1 induces antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory signaling and is neuroprotective. 相似文献