心率变异性预测心律失常心肌缺血事件可靠性的研究

心率变异性预测心律失常心肌缺血事件可靠性的研究山西省中医研究所（０３００１２）牛天福，王裕颐心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）研究，一是用频域分析法建立心率功率谱已有报道［１，２］，其二是用时域分析法，建立ＨＲＶ分析软件与２４小时动态心电图（ＤＣＧ）同步记录［３］...     

心率变异性与冠心病心律失常关系

心率变异性与冠心病心律失常关系山西省心血管疾病研究所（０３０００１）王晋军武小梅刘卓敏李运乾太原市商业职工医院马明亮心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）近年来证明可以预测冠心病预后的一个无创性指标〔１〕。本文运用２４小时动态心电图检测ＨＲＶ时域指标，研究心率变异性与...     

心力衰竭患者心率变异性与室性心律失常心功能的关系

用２４小时动态心电图检测４５例心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）患者，室性心律失常（ＶＡ），检出率：简单型８８．９％，复杂型５３．３％。短阵室速３１．１％。高级别ＶＡ多见于ＥＦ值低患者。测定３１例窦性心律患者的心率变异指数（ＨＲＶＩ），并设立正常人３３例为对照组，可见ＣＨＦ时ＨＲＶＩ较正常明显减小（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＬｏｗｎⅢ级以下ＶＡ患者ＨＲＶＩ较ＬｏｗｎⅣ～Ⅴ级者明显高（Ｐ＜０．００１）；心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级时ＨＲＶＩ与心功能Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级时ＨＲＶＩ相比，有显著差别（Ｐ＜０．００１）。将患者ＥＦ值与ＨＲＶＩ进行直线相关分析，两者呈正相关（ｒ＝０．５７，Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文结果示ＣＨＦ患者心率变异性小，而且ＨＲＶＩ越小者发生ＶＡ可能性大，心室功能受损明显。     

扩张型心肌心率变异性与预后的关系

目的：探讨扩张型心肌病心率变异怀其预后的关系。方法：应用心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）时域分析法测定１９例扩张型心肌病（ＤＣＭ）经随访１８个月。结果：ＤＣ２４ｈＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）和相邻正常ＲＲ间差值的均方根（ｒＭＳＳＤ）及心率变异指数（ＨＲＶＩ）均明显低于正常（Ｐ〈０．０５）,心功能Ⅲ－Ⅳ级者明显低于心功能Ⅱ级（Ｐ〈０．０５）,事件组（随访中死亡者）明显低于非事件组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＨＲＶ分析可作为判断ＤＣＭ患者心功能及预后的一项指标。     

苄醇用腈类进行酰胺化

苄醇用腈类进行酰胺化ＦｉｒｏｕｚａｂａｄｉＨ等［ＳｙｎＣｏｍｍｕｎ，１９９４；２４：６０１］苄醇（Ｒ１Ｃ６Ｈ４ＣＨＲ２ＯＨ）与不同的腈（ＲＣＮ），在三氟化硼醚合物的存在下，能高选择性地进行酰胺化，得Ｒ１Ｃ６Ｈ４ＣＨＲ２ＨＣＯＲ．１０例收率７０～９０％...     

粉防己碱对自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖及对PDGF-B,bFGF和相关癌基因表达的影响

用［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷（［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ）参入法，电镜，免疫组化，原位杂交方法，在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ，０．０３μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×８周ｉｇ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的作用及对生长因子ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ，ｂＦＧＦ的抗原表达及其相关癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ，ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达的影响．结果发现：Ｔｅｔ在降低ＳＨＲ血压（Ｐ＜０．０１）同时，能减少ＶＳＭＣ的线粒体，粗面内质网和［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ参入量（Ｐ＜０．０１），并能逆转ＶＳＭＣ增殖时ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ，ｂＦＧＦ抗原（Ｐ＜０．０５）及ｃ－ｓｉｓ，ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ的表达增强．提示：Ｔｅｔ抑制ＳＨＲ的ＶＳＭＣ增殖与生长因子及癌基因调控的分子生物学机制有关     

原发性高血压患者168例心率变异性分析

心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）即心率随机体状况和时间而改变的规律性变化。自ＨＲＶ这一检测手段出现以来 ,对于冠心病、充血性心力衰竭及糖尿病等疾病与ＨＲＶ的关系已得到很多研究和证实。而对原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者与ＨＲＶ关系的研究却少见报道。我们通过对ＥＨ组与正常人群组ＨＲＶ值的对比研究 ,探讨了ＥＨ与ＨＲＶ之间的关系及其机理。１．对象与方法１．１对象我院自１９９３～１９９９年经临床和辅助检查均符合１９９３年ＷＨＯ诊断标准［１］的ＥＨ患者（且皆为窦性心律 ,并无二度以上窦房阻滞及房室传导阻滞和快速异位心律失常）１６…     

延髓腹外侧头端注射莫索尼定对大鼠血压,心率和肾交感神经放电…

目的：观察延髓腹外侧头端（ＲＶＬＭ）注射莫索尼定（Ｍｏｘ）对麻醉大鼠血压（ＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）及肾交感神经放电（ＲＳＮＡ）的影响。方法：麻醉大鼠ＲＶＬＭ注射１μＬ Ｍｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１，同步记录ＢＰ，ＨＲ及ＲＳＮＡ。结果：Ｍｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１分别使ＢＰ从１３．９±１．０ｋＰａ降至１３．０±１．７ｋＰａ（Ｐ〈０．０５），１３．８±１．８ｋＰａ至１１．４±１．５     

冠心病患者心率变异性初步分析

目的 通过观察冠心病患者心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）的改变探讨冠心病对自主神经损害情况。方法 应用２４ｈ动态心电图（Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ）对４８例正常人和５３例冠心病患者检测其心率变异指数（ＨＲＶ１）和ＨＲＶ各项时域指标：包括总体标准差（ＳＤＮＮ０,均值标准差（ＳＤＡＮＮ）,标准差均值（ＳＤＮＮ ＩＤＸ）,差值均方的平方根（ｒＭ ＳＳＤ）和差值〉５０ｍｓ的百分比（ＰＮＮ５０）。结果 冠心病组与对照组比较ＨＲＶＩ和     

Efectsofmoxonidineinjectedintorostralventrolateralmedulaonbloodpressure,heartrate,andrenalsympatheticnerveactivityinrats

目的：观察延髓腹外侧头端（ＲＶＬＭ）注射莫索尼定（Ｍｏｘ）对麻醉大鼠血压（ＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）及肾交感神经放电（ＲＳＮＡ）的影响．方法：麻醉大鼠ＲＶＬＭ注射１μＬＭｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，同步记录ＢＰ，ＨＲ及ＲＳＮＡ．结果：Ｍｏｘ１，１０，１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１分别使ＢＰ从１３９±１０ｋＰａ降至１３０±１７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００５），１３８±１８ｋＰａ至１１４±１５ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００１），ａｎｄ１３９±１９ｋＰａ至９４±１７ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００１）．Ｍｏｘ不影响ＨＲ．Ｍｏｘ１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１增加ＲＳＮＡ５０％（Ｐ＜００５），１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１对ＲＳＮＡ无影响（Ｐ＞００５），１００μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１则降低ＲＳＮＡ２３％（Ｐ＜００５）．在缓冲神经切断大鼠，Ｍｏｘ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１抑制ＲＳＮＡ５０％（Ｐ＜００５），明显不同于缓冲神经完整的动物（Ｐ＜００１）．结论：麻醉大鼠ＲＶＬＭ注射Ｍｏｘ可降低ＢＰ，但不影响ＨＲ，且ＲＳＮＡ变化与其降压作用并不平行     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.