鲎试剂检测血液保养液热原

本文对鲎试剂检测血液保养液的热原做了可靠性研究，结果表明：调节保养液pH值后，用稀释保养液或加入外源性钙镁离子的方法，可用鲎试剂法测定血液保养液的热原。     

甲硝唑注射液热原鲎试剂检查法分析

甲硝唑注射液(Injection Metronidazoli)作用广泛,具有强大的杀灭滴虫作用,是治疗阴道滴虫病及阿米已病的首选药,同时也是治疗厌氧菌感染的首选药。作为静脉用注射剂,需要作热原检查。本文以细菌内毒素法进行检查研究,希望能得到一种简便可靠的检验手段。 1 试剂及动物:甲硝唑注射液由(本院调剂室及制剂室提供),鲎试剂为厦门鲎试剂厂产(0.5Eu/ml 930602)。家兔(本院实验动物室提供)。     

用鲎试剂法检测复方氨基酸注射液热原的考察

用鲎试剂法检测复方氨基酸注射液热原的考察广东省药品检验所５１０１８０吴招娣，黎，李爱芬本文参照美国药典２１版“细菌内毒素检查法”中的增强或抑制试验的基本原理１，用鲎试剂法对日本绿十字厂生产的复方氨基酸注射液Ｎｕｔｒｉｘｏｌ，简称Ｃ）进行了细菌内毒素检...     

鲎试剂和热原检查氧氟沙星葡萄糖的对比

我们采用鲎试剂法检查氧氟沙星葡萄糖注射液 ,将结果报道如下。１仪器与试剂鲎试剂 (中国湛江海洋制品厂 ,０ ５ＥＵ／ｍｌ,批号２００１０４１１) ;内毒素工作标准品 (中国湛江海洋制品厂 ,１０ＥＵ／ｍｌ,批号２０００９１７)；氧氟沙星葡萄糖注射液 (本院生产、批号２００１０６０８、２００１０６１９、２００１０７０６、２００１０７２８)。试验所用器皿１８０℃干烤２小时以上 ,净化工作台经紫外线消毒备用。２鲎试剂灵敏度的复核将细菌内毒素工作标准品用细菌内毒素检查用水稀释成不同浓度 ,确认其符合药典规定后再用干试验。２ １…     

鲎试剂检测减少临床热原反应的试验研究

证实了我国药品标准尚未采用鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查的药品葡萄糖氯化钠、硫酸庆大霉素等注射剂容易发生临床输液反应的原因，是各自污染的界于鲎法不合格而兔法合格之间的细菌内毒素，在临床合并用药时加在一达到了兔法不合格的污染量而造成的。     

鲎试剂检测大输液热原与pH值的关系

主要考察使用鲎试剂检测大输液热源过程中,pH值对试验的影响。经实验证明,在未对输液进行pH调整的情况下,直接测定不影响检测结果。     

特异鲎试剂研究进展

特异鲎试剂研究进展夏振民刘大英（中国药品生物制品检定所北京１０００５０）自从１９８１年日本学者ＫａｋｉｎｕｍａＡ等［１］报道“一种抗癌物质（１－３）－β－Ｄ－葡聚糖［（１－３）－β－Ｄ－Ｇｌｕｃａｎ］可使鲎试剂凝聚”以来，由于其涉及细菌内毒素检查的特...     

鲎试剂法检测注射用双黄连粉针剂热原的初步探讨

鲎试制法检测双黄连粉针热原１４批，并与家兔相比较，结果证明，鲎法比家兔法灵敏度高，方法简便，快速，尤其对成品能控制在安始分装状态，减少成品的损失。     

掌背动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣的应用解剖

通过对１２只成人手部标本进行动脉灌注、解剖观察发现：第２、３、４掌背动脉在掌指关节近侧１．５～１．７ｃｍ处，恒定地发出一向近端走行、外径０．２～０．３ｍｍ的皮支。用同位素得９９血管造影检测该皮支的供血范围，提出掌背动脉皮支逆行岛状皮瓣的点、线、面、弧，供血面积和安全的切取方法。     

苦杏仁甙对小鼠免疫功能的影响

以不同剂量的苦杏仁甙（１．５、３、５ｍｇ／只）经肌肉注射给予小鼠后，取其脾脏制成脾细胞悬液，进行Ｔ淋巴细胞转化实验，观察苦杏仁甙对小鼠脾细胞增殖反应的影响。结果表明，苦杏仁甙能明显促进有丝分裂原对小鼠脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞的增殖。     

“空心管”在肛肠科的应用

“空心管”在肛肠科的应用山西省中医学校附属医院（０３００１２）潘毓华，贾汉章一、材料与制作方法：一次性输液管用后洗净，剪成长１３ｃｍ的管子，在该管的一端（３ｃｍ内）散在剪４～５个侧孔，消毒备用。二、适应症：混合痔、外痔、肛瘘、肛裂、肛周脓肿，内痔注射术后，内痔脱出复位术后，或创面渗血，术后出血的观察等。三、操作步骤：①用于一般的肛门部手术后，用油纱条覆盖伤口的同时，再放置一支备好的“空心管”使有侧孔的一端放置入肛内。②用于内痔注射术后或痔核脱出复位术后“空心管”有侧孔端留出，中间紧裹五层宽６ｃｍ，长３０ｃｍ的纱布，在纱布的外层再裹一层凡士林油纱，无侧孔端留４ｃｍ制作成外层油纱管，中层纱布管，内层为一次性输液管的“空心管”。以左手食指伸入肛管为向导，左手持备好的“空心管”使有侧孔端向肛内，有油纱的一段紧压齿线及齿线以上处，４ｃｍ的另一端留在肛外。再用长９ｃｍ，宽６ｃｍ的十六层纱布一块，中心剪一与“空心管”直径相等的小孔，正好“空心管”从孔中穿出，暴露于外，用胶布固定。③用于伤口有渗血或是各种原因所致的出血时。“空心管”的制作方法基本同２，视情况适当增加纱布的厚度，同时在油纱管的外层撒一层止血药粉，放置法同２，     

红景天苷对脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤保护作用的研究

目的:研究红景天苷对脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:选取雄性Balb/c小鼠50只,随机分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松组、红景天苷低、高剂量组。地塞米松和红景天苷高、低剂量连续灌胃7 d,每天1次,最后一次灌胃后1 h,除对照组外,其余各组腹腔注射LPS,12 h后处死,取血和心脏。结果:红景天苷组小鼠心肌病理改变明显减轻于模型组;相比于模型组,红景天苷组能减少血清中TNF-α、IL-6的含量;减少心肌组织中TLR4、My D88和NF-κBp65蛋白的表达。结论:红景天苷减轻脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤,其机制可能通过调节TLR4/My D88/NF-κBp65信号通路,抑制炎症反应。     

Maternally-administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases tumor necrosis factor alpha in fetal liver and fetal brain: its suppression by low-dose LPS pretreatment

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with adverse developmental outcome, including intra-uterine fetal death (IUFD), intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) and neurological injury. In the LPS model, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is the major mediator leading to IUFD, IUGR and neurological injury. In the present study, we investigated the effect of maternally-administered LPS on TNF-alpha in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, fetal liver and fetal brain. The timed pregnant mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with a single dose of LPS (500microg/kg) on gestational day 17. As expected, TNF-alpha was obviously increased in maternal serum and amniotic fluid in response to LPS. Although maternally-administered LPS also increased the level of TNF-alpha protein in fetal liver and brain, no significant difference in TNF-alpha mRNA level in fetal liver and brain was observed among different groups, suggesting that the increased TNF-alpha protein in fetal liver and brain may be transferred from either the maternal circulation or amniotic fluid or placenta. When the pregnant mice were pretreated with a low-dose LPS (10microg/kg, i.p.) at 4, 12, 24 or 48h before LPS (500microg/kg, i.p.), LPS-evoked TNF-alpha in maternal serum and amniotic fluid was significantly inhibited. Importantly, low-dose LPS pretreatment also greatly attenuated LPS-induced increases in TNF-alpha protein in fetal liver and fetal brain. Taken together, these results indicate that perinatal exposure to low-dose LPS induces a reduced sensitivity to subsequent LPS challenge.     

Protective effects of carnosine alone and together with alpha-tocopherol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ethanol-induced liver injury

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carnosine (CAR) alone and together with vitamin E (Vit E) on alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) in rats. ASH was induced by ethanol (3 times; 5 g/kg; 12 h intervals, via gavage), followed by a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 mg/kg; i.p.). CAR (250 mg/kg; i.p.) and Vit E (200 mg d-α-tocopherol/kg; via gavage) were administered 30 min before and 90 min after the LPS injection. CAR treatment lowered high serum transaminase activities together with hepatic histopathologic improvements in rats with ASH. Reactive oxygen species formation, malondialdehyde levels, myeloperoxidase activities and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen 1α1 (COL1A1) expressions were observed to decrease. These improvements were more remarkable in CAR plus Vit E-treated rats. Our results indicate that CAR may be effective in suppressing proinflammatory, prooxidant, and profibrotic factors in the liver of rats with ASH.     

脂多糖对人皮肤成纤维细胞表型变化的影响及意义

目的探讨被细菌脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）刺激后的人正常皮肤成纤维细胞的表型改变与增生性瘢痕形成的关系。方法体外培养增生性瘢痕患者瘢痕组织和人正常皮肤成纤维细胞,正常成纤维细胞分别经不同浓度（0、0.005、0.010、0.050、0.100、0.500、1.000μg/ml）LPS刺激,并对刺激后细胞进行传代,通过病理学、免疫组化染色、电镜观察等方法,观察成纤维细胞表达增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、α1（Ⅰ）前胶原蛋白、α平滑肌肌动蛋白的规律及透射电镜下超微结构的变化,并以相同代数的瘢痕组织成纤维细胞作对照。结果经LPS刺激后,正常皮肤成纤维细胞被激活,随着刺激浓度的增加,光镜下核浆比例逐渐增大;免疫组化染色显示PCNA表达阳性细胞逐渐减少,α1（I）前胶原蛋白和α平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性细胞逐渐增多;电镜下显示细胞形态多样化,核浆比例增加,核膜变得不规则,胞浆内粗面内质网和高尔基复合体进一步增多,微丝微管增加,肌微丝出现。上述变化在LPS浓度为0.100μg/ml时最明显,接近瘢痕组织成纤维细胞,表明成纤维细胞逐渐向增殖表型、合成表型或收缩表型变化。此后,随着LPS浓度继续升高,上述表型标志的表达和细胞形态均趋向于正常成纤维细胞。结论一定浓度的LPS可能与增生性瘢痕形成有关。     

脂多糖对人皮肤成纤维细胞表型变化的影响及意义

目的 探讨被细菌脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide, LPS)刺激后的人正常皮肤成纤维细胞的表型改变与增生性瘢痕形成的关系.方法 体外培养增生性瘢痕患者瘢痕组织和人正常皮肤成纤维细胞,正常成纤维细胞分别经不同浓度(0、0.005、0.010、0.050、0.100、0.500、1.000 μg/ml)LPS刺激,并对刺激后细胞进行传代,通过病理学、免疫组化染色、电镜观察等方法,观察成纤维细胞表达增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、α1(Ⅰ)前胶原蛋白、α平滑肌肌动蛋白的规律及透射电镜下超微结构的变化,并以相同代数的瘢痕组织成纤维细胞作对照.结果 经LPS刺激后,正常皮肤成纤维细胞被激活,随着刺激浓度的增加,光镜下核浆比例逐渐增大;免疫组化染色显示PCNA表达阳性细胞逐渐减少,α1(I)前胶原蛋白和α平滑肌肌动蛋白阳性细胞逐渐增多;电镜下显示细胞形态多样化,核浆比例增加,核膜变得不规则,胞浆内粗面内质网和高尔基复合体进一步增多,微丝微管增加,肌微丝出现.上述变化在LPS浓度为0.100 μg/ml时最明显,接近瘢痕组织成纤维细胞,表明成纤维细胞逐渐向增殖表型、合成表型或收缩表型变化.此后,随着LPS浓度继续升高,上述表型标志的表达和细胞形态均趋向于正常成纤维细胞.结论 一定浓度的LPS可能与增生性瘢痕形成有关.     

Maternally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 in fetal liver: the role of reactive oxygen species

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide and iron. Previous studies have demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates the expression of HO-1 in adult mouse liver. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal LPS exposure on the expression of HO-1 in fetal liver. The pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of LPS (1, 10, 75 microg/kg) on gestational day 17. Results showed that the expression of HO-1 in fetal liver was increased, beginning 2h after LPS, being at the highest level 24h after LPS, and remaining elevated up to 48h after LPS, whereas HO-2, the constitutive form, did not change at the various time points observed. LPS-induced upregulation of HO-1 was blocked by alpha-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical spin trapping agent. Correspondingly, PBN pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion in fetal liver. However, aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, had no effect on LPS-induced upregulation of HO-1 in fetal liver. In conclusion, reactive oxygen species (ROS), rather than TNF-alpha or nitric oxide (NO), are involved in LPS-induced upregulation of HO-1 in fetal liver. These results provide new evidence that maternal LPS exposure results in oxidative stress in fetuses, which may contribute to LPS-induced developmental toxicity.     

内毒素血症对糖尿病大鼠细胞因子、HPA轴功能的影响

目的观察内毒素血症对糖尿病大鼠细胞因子、HPA轴功能的影响。方法用链脲佐菌素(STZ,50mg/kg)予SD大鼠腹腔注射建立糖尿病动物模型,在此基础上再以脂多糖[LPS,0.5mg/(kg bw)]腹腔注射诱导内毒素血症模型,观察注射LPS后6、12、24及72h各时间点血糖、胰岛素、TNF-α、IL-6及CRH、ACTH、皮质酮的变化。结果内毒素血症糖尿病大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-6水平显著升高,于注射LPS后12h达峰值(P<0.05);而DM+LPS各亚组血浆CRH、ACTH、皮质酮水平略有上升,各组间比较均无显著差异(P>0.05);各时间点的血糖及胰岛素水平变化无统计学意义。结论内毒素血症可使糖尿病大鼠细胞因子分泌增加,激活HPA轴功能。