颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔恶肿瘤术后软组织缺损

目的:探讨颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损的方法并评价其修复效果.方法:2003年6月～2005年9月,应用颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复舌、颊、口底、咽侧壁及软腭缺损20例.其中男10例,女10例,年龄40岁～74岁.平均59岁.颊黏膜癌4例,舌癌7例,牙龈癌5例,颊部及咽侧壁及软腭癌2例,下颌骨中心性癌1例,舌下腺癌1例.均行病变扩大切除及颌颈联合根治术,缺损范围4.5 cm×5.5 cm～7.0 cm×6.0 cm,应用颈阔肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣范围9.5 cm×4.5 cm～12.0 cm×6.0 cm.结果:术后20例皮瓣均成活,外形无异常,张口不受限.随访9个月～36个月,无舌运动受限等并发症,肿瘤无复发,患者对术后形态及功能均较满意.结论:颈阔肌肌皮瓣解剖恒定,血运丰富,手术操作简便,成活率高,是修复口腔肿瘤术后组织缺损的理想方法,值得推广应用.     

颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口底组织缺损的临床研究

目的:研究颈阔肌肌皮瓣在口底恶性肿瘤切除术后口底组织缺损即刻修复中的应用价值。方法:对9例口底恶性肿瘤切除后遗留的口底组织缺损行颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复,其中6例口底鳞癌患者修复与颈淋巴清除术同期进行,1例同时行下颌骨矩形方块切除,3例为舌下腺腺样囊性癌患者行口底局部扩大切除术。结果:9例颈阔肌肌皮瓣全部成活;3例在肌皮瓣尖端与舌腹部黏膜组织间出现裂开,长2.0～3.0cm,给予清创重新缝合后愈合;3例皮瓣远端少许淤血,未影响愈合。术后6个月复查,所有患者皮瓣收缩不明显,所修复的口底形态及舌体活动功能良好。结论:颈阔肌肌皮瓣血供丰富、解剖恒定可靠、邻近口腔、制作方便、简单快捷和成功率高,是修复口底组织缺损的一种安全选择。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔口咽癌手术后组织缺损

目的:总结胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣应用于口腔口咽癌手术所致大型组织缺损的体会及其应用价值.方法:对51例因口腔癌或口咽癌手术治疗导致口腔颌面大型组织缺损的患者均选用胸大肌岛状肌皮瓣同期整复.结果:51例胸大肌肌皮瓣中43例完全成活,1例肌皮瓣皮肤完全坏死,7例远心端部分皮肤坏死.所有组织缺损,伤口愈合,患者术后语音和吞咽功能得到修复.结论:胸大肌肌皮瓣解剖变异较小,血供可靠,皮瓣制作简便安全,组织量大,是同期整复口腔颌面部大型组织缺损合适材料.     

应用带蒂颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复颊癌缺损

自1983年至1990年9月,我科在肌皮瓣临床应用的启发下,对12例颊癌患者在进行舌骨上清扫术及肿瘤切除术同时采用带蒂颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复缺损区。手术既简单,又能满意地修复缺损,在外形与功能等方面取得了良好的效果,现报道如下。     

软腭癌术后缺损的即刻修复与再造

软腭癌切除后所致软腰部分或全部缺损可导致局部畸形伴语音和吞咽功能障碍，所以软腭术后即刻修复和再造对提高患者术后生存质量有重要意义。本文总结了我科近十年来对48例软跨癌术后即刻修复的临床经验。软跨部分缺损可根据缺损部位，大小选用腭瓣，舌瓣，颊瓣等邻近组织辩修复，对软跨大部或全部缺损选用额瓣加咽后壁善或前臂游离皮瓣加咽后壁瓣行软腭再造。本文对各种修复方法的适应症和优缺点进行了讨论和评价。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤术后组织缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的:晚期头颈肿瘤外科治疗时,留下的完全或者不完全的组织缺损,是目前头颈外科的一个难点。胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈肿瘤术后组织缺损重建中仍起着不可替代的作用。本研究旨在探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣在头颈缺损重建中的适应指征,提高胸大肌肌皮瓣修复的成功率。方法:中山大学肿瘤防治中心2004年1月至2007年1月间共22例行胸大肌肌皮瓣重建头颈肿瘤术后缺损患者,其中颈部大面积皮肤缺损8例,口咽缺损4例,舌缺损5例,口底缺损3例,下咽缺损2例;13例患者采用血管蒂穿行锁骨下,9例经锁骨上转移至颈部;重建的最大面积为15cm×12cm,最小面积为8cm×5cm。结果:无手术死亡病例,1例出现皮瓣坏死,1例出现部分皮瓣坏死,皮瓣重建成功率为95.5%;手术后并发症伤口积血1例,口底瘘1例,并发症发生率为9.1%(2/22)。结论:胸大肌肌皮瓣是头颈肿瘤术后组织缺损重建的良好供区皮瓣,是颈部大面积皮肤缺损重建的首选皮瓣;血管蒂穿行锁骨下可以增加胸大肌肌皮瓣的修复半径,且有利于保护血管蒂不受压迫。     

组织皮瓣移植在口腔及颌面部恶性肿瘤术后修复中的应用

从1986年3月～1995年5月,头颈外科应用前臂游离皮瓣及岛状胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口腔及颌面部恶性肿瘤大面积切除后组织缺损50例(52次手术)。男性36例,女性14例。鳞状细胞癌43例,腺癌7例,前臂游离皮瓣重建舌5例,颊粘膜3例,腮腺癌切除后皮肤缺损4例,岛状胸大肌肌皮瓣修复口底及舌15例,牙龈4例,扁桃体癌术后3例,眼睑癌侵及眶内切除1例。50例中47例成功占94％,其中三年生存率62.9％(22/35),五年生存率36.4％(8/22)。     

多种组织瓣在口颊缺损重建中的应用

背景与目的：合理采用组织瓣进行口颊缺损重建,可以扩大口颊癌手术指征,改善患者的生存质量,延长患者生命。本研究目的是探讨组织瓣重建口颊缺损的指征,不同组织瓣的选择以及重建的手术技巧。方法：2005年9月至2007年8月间共行26例组织瓣重建口颊缺损手术,其中单纯口颊粘膜切除8例;口颊大型缺损18例,其中包括口颊面部皮肤洞穿切除11例,口颊、皮肤以及口角全缺损切除7例。26例患者中有7例行腮腺导管切除。胸大肌肌皮瓣转移重建5例,游离前臂桡侧皮瓣重建11例,游离股前外侧皮瓣6例,胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣4例。8例患者行术后放疗,剂量为66～70Gy。结果：围术期无死亡病例,1例皮瓣坏死,为游离前臂皮瓣重建病例;1例皮瓣部分坏死,为胸大肌肌皮瓣重建病例。皮瓣成功率为96．2％（25／26）。1例伤口积液,为涎腺瘘。所有患者均随访1-3年,7例复发患者中4例为原发灶复发,3例为颈部淋巴结复发。随访期间2例患者死亡,均为原发灶局部复发者。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣和游离前臂皮瓣是重建口颊大型缺损的良好皮瓣,是大于4cm的口颊缺损的首选：胸大肌肌皮瓣可作为口颊大型缺损重建的备用皮瓣;小于4cm的口颊缺损可选用胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用

目的探讨胸大肌肌皮瓣在晚期头颈肿瘤手术中的应用。方法应用胸大肌肌皮瓣一期修复晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损262例（其中折叠瓣17例修复口内外穿通性缺损,20例胸大肌肌膜瓣修复口内缺损,5例胸大肌皮瓣联合游离植皮修复咽瘘,5例胸大肌肌皮瓣联合游离皮瓣双瓣修复颌面部洞穿性缺损）。舌再造62例,修复口咽53例,修复口底41例,修复口颊24例,修复颈部31例,修复下咽缺损22例,修复腮腺区缺损29例。结果262例肌皮瓣252例全部成活,8例皮瓣部分坏死肌瓣成活,2例肌皮瓣完全坏死,总的成活率为99.2%（260/262）。术后随访1～10年,所有患者术后进食、吞咽功能恢复良好,语言功能大多恢复良好。结论胸大肌肌皮瓣血供可靠,组织量丰富,且应用较灵活,可制作成肌皮瓣或肌瓣,对于晚期头颈肿瘤术后缺损是最优选择。     

134例头颈部肿瘤手术后缺损修复

目的：分析4种皮瓣修复头颈部缺损的效果、功能、并发症和供区创伤的大小，以为不同的缺损选择不同的皮瓣。方法：134例头颈部肿瘤患者，均行联合根治术加胸大肌肌皮瓣、颈阔肌肌皮瓣、额瓣、前臂皮瓣修复。结果：胸大肌皮瓣全部存活96例，部分坏死21例，坏死≥1／25例，全部坏死2例，颈阔肌皮瓣全部存活2例，部分坏死1例，全部坏死1例，4例额瓣和2例前臂皮瓣全部存活。结论：口腔及颈部大面积缺损需要胸大肌肌皮瓣修复，对需要洞穿修复的，尤其是女性，应尽量避免用胸大肌折叠瓣，可用复合瓣。对一般的口腔缺损用前臂皮瓣修复最为合适。     

口腔颌面部肿瘤术后组织缺损的一期修复

目的 探讨游离组织瓣移植修复口腔颌面软硬组织缺损的特点及技巧、手术适应证、术中和术后注意事项。方法 应用显微外科技术,以前臂皮瓣、腓骨皮瓣和腹直肌皮瓣游离移植方法对21例口腔颌面部术后软硬组织缺损行一期修复。结果 术后观察2-22个月,组织瓣存活19例,功能良好,外形满意;失败2例。结论 游离组织瓣移植是修复口腔颌面软硬组织缺损的理想方法。     

The use of artificial dermis for surgical defects in the treatment of oral premalignant lesions

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the application of an artificial dermis as a substitute for split-thickness skin graft in an oral mucosal defect after excision of a premalignant lesion. METHODS: We examined a total of 125 sites repaired with artificial dermis in 84 patients. Forty-one of 84 patients had two different defects and 43 had a single defect. Of 84 patients, there were 52 oral leukoplakia and 32 oral submucous fibrosis. RESULTS: Most patients chewed betel nuts (97.6%). Most of the premalignant lesions were located in the buccal mucosa (94%). The overall success rate was 100% without any or partial graft loss. The minor wound oozing occurred in three grafts (2.4%). No patient had an immunologic reaction or experienced with significant pain. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, an artificial dermis may be an alterative to a split-thickness skin graft for patients with oral mucosal defects after removal of premalignant lesions.     

颊脂垫瓣在口腔黏膜癌术后缺损修复中的应用

目的研究颊脂垫瓣在口腔恶性肿瘤切除后组织缺损修复中的应用效果。方法总结15例应用颊脂垫瓣修复口腔恶性肿瘤切除后组织缺损临床资料，观察颊脂垫瓣的愈合过程及修复效果。结果所有患者颊脂垫瓣成活愈合良好，术后1周颊脂垫瓣明显水肿，组织瓣表面有薄层伪膜覆盖，1周后伪膜逐渐消失，2周后伪膜完全消失，2～3周后水肿明显消退，颊脂垫表面逐渐上皮化，2～3个月再生的粘膜变得光滑，呈粉红色，与正常口腔粘膜类似。结论颊脂垫瓣为修复口腔恶性肿瘤缺损提供了一种良好的手段，值得临床推广。     

Efficacy of oral lycopene in the treatment of oral leukoplakia

This study evaluates the efficacy of lycopene in the treatment of oral leukoplakia and compares two different doses with a placebo. Fifty-eight clinically and histologically diagnosed patients of oral leukoplakia were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into three groups. Group A: (n = 20; 8 mg lycopene/day), Group B: (n = 20; 4 mg lycopene/day) and Group C: (n = 18; placebo). The duration of the therapy was three months. Outcome was assessed clinically as well as histologically. Post-treatment patients were on follow-up for two months. Student's 't' test was used for statistical evaluation. Clinically the patients in Groups A, B, C had a mean response of 80%, 66.25% and 12.5% respectively. Histological evaluation too had similar results. Patients receiving lycopene in both regimes show highly significant difference in response as compared to placebo (Group C). The observed effect of lycopene suggests that it can be effectively and safely used for the management of oral leukoplakia.     

Phase-ii trial of oral doxifluridine plus oral levo-leucovorin in unresectable hepatocellular-carcinoma

Systemic chemotherapy with currently available agents in unresectable HCC has a minimal impact on disease progression and a predictable response rate of <20%. Doxifluridine (5 deoxy-5-fluorouridine, dFUR) is a new fluropyrimidine derivative that demonstrated higher antitumoral activity than other fluoropyrimidines in murine tumors and optimal gastrointestinal absorption when administered orally. Therefore, we evaluated the activity and feasibility of a combination of dFUR and l-leucovorin in unresectable HCC by the following schedule: l-leucovorin 25 mg orally followed 2 hours later by dFUR 1,200 mg/m(2), day 1 through 5, cycles being repeated every 10 days. Thirtyseven patients with unresectable HCC entered the study and are evaluable for response and toxicity. Three partial responses have been observed, to a global response rate of 8% (95% confidence interval 2-22%). After a median observation time of 12 months, the median survival was 7 months, with a median time to progression of 4 months; Main toxicity was diarrhea; severe in 30% of the patients. One patient died as a result of uncontrollable diarrhea. In view of the limited activity observed, further trials with this schedule are not warranted.     

Cytokeratin alteration in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Intermediate filaments are involved in cell migration and intracellular signal transduction pathways. In a variety of organs, the expression of distinct intermediary filaments are further associated with distinct steps of malignant transformation. In this study, we seeked to define the cytokeratin (Ck) expression pattern in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). One hundred and ninety-two patients with OSCC, 117 patients with oral leukoplakia without dysplasia (OL) and 23 with oral leukoplakia with dysplasia (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia) (OLD) of the oral cavity were investigated for the immunohistochemical expression of Ck 5-6, Ck 8/18, Ck 1 Ck 10, Ck 14, Ck 19 using the tissue microarray technique. Correlations between clinical features and the expression of cytokeratins were evaluated statistically by chi2 tests. The expression of Ck 8/18, Ck 19 and Ck 1 was seen in 3.1% (Ck 8/18), 12.5% (Ck 19), 75.4% (Ck 1) of all leukoplakias, 1.0% (Ck 8/18), 9.4% (Ck 19), 76.8% (Ck 1) in OL, 13.0% (Ck 8/18), 27.3% (Ck 19), 68.4% (Ck 1) in OLD and was significantly associated with the degree of dysplasia (Ck 8/18 p<0.01; Ck 19 p<0.01; Ck 1 p<0.01) and the acquisition of invasive growth properties. The highest frequencies were observed in invasive squamous cell carcinomas. The expression of Ck 8/18 and Ck 19 in transformed oral lesions can be regarded as an early feature in the pathogenesis of invasive OSCC. However, the aberrant expression of Ck 8/18 and Ck 19 in an even higher frequency in invasive carcinomas characterizes the expression of typical glandular cytokeratins as a general progression marker in squamous cell carcinomas. These results can be interpreted as first hints that oral leukoplakias with an expression of Ck 8/18 or 19 independent of dysplasia, should be resected totally since they might indicate an increased progression potential.     

Detection of field change in oral cancer using oral exfoliative cytologic study

Four smears were taken from the normal buccal mucosa of 55 oral cancer patients and 76 cancer-free patients. In each case, two were stained by the Papanicolaou method and two underwent Feulgen hydrolysis. Quantitative assessment of nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) of the Papanicolaou smears was undertaken using a semiautomatic image analysis system. DNA profiles were assessed from the Feulgen smears using a Vickers M85 microdensitometer (Vickers Instruments, York, England) and were found to be diploid for all patients. Results were then analyzed with respect to those patients who took alcohol, tobacco, combination of alcohol and tobacco, and those who took neither. A significant reduction in CA for the oral cancer group (P equals 0.001) but no change in NA (P equals 0.74) was observed. A detailed analysis of alcohol and tobacco habits could identify no significant role for these two factors, in the reduction in cytoplasmic area. Such field change may prove to be of value in predicting the development of second malignant tumors.     

Interphase nucleolar organizer region distribution in the tissues of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer

The AgNOR technique, was applied to oral tissue sections of 185 oral cancer, 42 oral leukoplakia, 37 oral submucous fibrosis and 10 normal subjects to investigate whether any correlation held good in these different tissues. Compared to the AgNOR counts in normal oral epithelium, there was a gradation in increase in the mean AgNOR counts from oral leukoplakia to oral submucous fibrosis to oral carcinoma (P<0.01). This suggests that AgNOR count parallels with the degree of neoplastic transformation of oral epithelium. Three oral submucous fibrosis patients who showed very high AgNOR counts as that of oral cancer patients, later developed oral carcinoma. Among the oral cancer tissues, the moderately and poorly differentiated subtypes showed higher AgNOR counts and scattered distribution pattern than the well differentiated subtype which showed a clustered distribution pattern. These results suggest that AgNOR technique can be utilised as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in premalignant and malignant oral tissues.