Effect of Uridine Derivatives on Myocardial Stunning during Postischemic Reperfusion of Rat Heart

Uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate prevent myocardial stunning during postischemic reperfusion of isolated rat heart. Uridine-5'-diphosphate does not prevent postischemic myocardial dysfunction, while uridine-5'-triphosphate aggravates it.     

Comparative study of cardioprotective effects of uridine-5′-monophosphate and uridine-5′-triphosphate during the early periods of acute myocardial ischemia

In experiments on rats, uridine-5′-monophosphate and uridine-5′-triphosphate reduced the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis and preserved glycogen stores and creatine phosphate balance during the first 60 min after occlusion of the left coronary artery. However, the energy-protective effect of uridine-5′-triphosphate developed 15 min later than the effect of uridine-5′-monophosphate. Uridine-5′-monophosphate, but not uridine-5′-triphosphate, reduced T wave amplitude on ECG and decreased the volume of ischemic injury to the myocardium. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 9, pp. 297–300, September, 2007     

Corrective effect of clotrimazole and β-ionol during exposure to thiophenol

Toxic effect of thiophenol on rats can be prevented by injection of antioxidant β-ionol and clotrimazole, an inductor of phase I and II detoxication enzymes. Both agents increase O-demethylase activity of cytochrome P-450, but do not prevent inhibition of its water-soluble form, and activate cytosol and microsomal glutathione-dependent enzymes. Both agents protected erythrocytes from peroxide damage by thiophenol and simultaneously enhanced its prooxidant effect in the liver. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 555–557, November, 2000     

Effects of β-carotene and aspartame on clustogenic activity of cyclophosphamide and dioxidine in mice

Antimutagenic effects of combination of aspartame (0.4 and 4 mg/kg) and β-carotene (0.15–15 mg/kg) were studied by estimation of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57Bl/6 mice. Single and 5-day treatment with this combination decreased the clastogenic effects of dioxidine and cyclophosphamide and produced a more potent and universal antimutagenic effect than its constituents. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 570–573, November, 2000     

Effect of low-intensity luminescent radiation on recovery of heart function in postischemic period

We studied the effect of low-intensity red light on the contractile function of isolated heart in the postischemic period. The sources of luminescent radiation used in the study produced visible light of different spectral bandes and allowed to illuminate local regions of the myocardium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 9, pp. 302–304, September, 1999     

Effect of dynorphin A1–13 on DNA synthesis and cAMP level in the myocardium of albino rats during early postnatal ontogeny

Effect of intraperitoneally injected dynorphin A_1–13 on myocardial DNA synthesis in newborn rats was studied by³H-thymidine autoradiography. Single administration of 100 μg/kg peptide had no effects on DNA synthesis, while repeated (for 5 days) administration of the peptide significantly increased the labeling index of nuclei and labeling intensity in the myocardium 24 h postinjection. Single administration of dynorphin decreased cAMP levels in heart homogenates 4 h postinjection. Dynorphin is probably involved in the establishment of myocardial structural homeostasis. This effect is mediated by the system of cyclic nucleotides. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 7, pp. 63–65, July, 1999     

The role of heart vegetative nerves in antiarrhythmic effect of β-endorphin in experimental myocardial ischemia

Acute experiments on narcotized cats showed that premedication with β-endorphin promotes the development of ventricular tachycardia and decreases the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation caused by myocardial ischemia. The antifibrillatory effect of β-endorphin is related to central nervous structures regulating the function of the cardiovascular system and is mediated through the vagus nerves. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 509–511, May, 1997     

Antimutagenic activity of afobazole in various regimens of treatment

The influence of a new 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivative afobazole on cytogenetic effects of dioxidine and cyclophosphamide was studied by counting chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of C57B1/6 mice. Afobazole (1–100 mg/kg perorally) exhibited antimutagenic activity determined by its antioxidant properties. This activity depended on the dose and treatment shedule. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 539–542, November, 2000     

Mechanisms of myelopoiesis stimulation with pantohematogen and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during cytostatic myelosuppression

We compared hemopoiesis-stimulating activities of dry pantohematogen and recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor under conditions of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. These preparations stimulated regeneration of bone marrow granulomonocytopoiesis by various mechanisms. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 512–515, November, 2000     

Effect of temperature on guinea pig urinary bladder contraction mediated via P2X-receptors

In vitro experiments showed that P2X-receptor agonist α,β-methylene-ATP and electrical field stimulation in the presence of muscarinic and α-adrenoreceptors blockers induced contractile responses of isolated guinea pig bladder, which were more pronounced at 30°C than at 37°C or 42°C. P2x-receptor antagonist pyridoxal-6-phosphate-2′,4′-disulfonic acid, produced a more potent inhibitory effect on contractions induced by electrical field stimulation at 30°C in comparison with that at 37°C or 42°C while the contractions induced by α,β-methylene-ATP were similarly suppressed at all examined temperatures. Translated fromByulleten’s Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 407–410, October, 2000     

Delayed behavioral effects of β-casomorphin-7 depend on age and gender of albino rat pups

Systemic administration of β-casein heptapeptide β-casomorphin-7 (YPFPGPI, 1 mg/kg daily) to 10–23-day-old albino rat pups produced delayed anxiolytic effects, which were more pronounced in female than in male rats. Experimental findings confirm our assumption on the important role of nutritional opioids in brain development in newborn mammals. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 488–492, November, 2000     

Effects of preadministration of phenobarbital and Zyxorin on repair of rat liver parenchyma after ischemic injury

Optic and electron microscopy and morphometry demonstrate that phenobarbital aggravates postischemic injury of the liver to a greater degree than Zyxorin. Repair regeneration processes proceed in induced liver much more intensively, but are most marked after Zyxorin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 185–188, February, 1994 Presented by Yu. I. Borodin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

In vivo efficiency of Semax in global cerebral ischemia

The efficiency of neuropeptide preparation Semax was studied on an animal model of global cerebral ischemia caused by irreversible bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Semax significantly alleviated neurological deficit and slightly improved postischemic survival. These effects can be attributed to the antihypoxic and neurotrophic effects of the preparation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 8, pp. 172–174, August, 1999     

Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation inDrosophila melanogaster

The effect of epithalone on the age-specific time course of lipid peroxidation was studied in inadaptiveDrosophila melanogaster strains. A single dose of epithalone at the larval stage decreased the level of conjugated hydroperoxides and Schiff bases throughout the life span of imago. Strain- and sex-specific differences in the time course of the studied sign are characterized. Translated fromByulleten’s Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 585–588, November, 2000     

Effect of digoxin on acid hydrolase activity in the myocardium

Dose-dependent effect of digoxin on cardiac lysosomal enzymes is demonstrated. In doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg digoxin suppresses and in a dose of 10 mg/kg increases the activity of myocardial acid hydrolases. By sensitivity to digoxin, the enzymes rank as follows: β-glucosidase>β-galactosidase>acid phosphatase. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 51–55, January, 1998     

Effect of substance P on neurological status and behavioral responses altered as a result of prolonged brain ischemia in rats with different types of behavior

Substance P administered 30 min after the onset of cerebral ischemia improved the neurological status and prevented postischemic hyperactivity in rats with a passive type of behavior; had no effect on the neurological status of rats with an intermediate type of behavior but reduced their postischemic hyperactivity; aggravated the neurological status of rats with an active type of behavior without exerting a significant effect on their behavioral responses; and averted a rise in the level of depression in rats of all three groups. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between the type of behavior, manifestations of cerebral ischemia, and the effects of substance P. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 132–136, August, 1995 Presented by P. V. Simonov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cerebroprotective effects of diquertin and ascorbic acid

Electron microscopy and electrophysiological studies revealed pronounced structural and functional changes in the brain cortex in rats with experimental cerebral ischemia. Repeated administration of diquertin and ascorbic acid significantly attenuates ischemic damage induced by circulatory disturbances. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 543–547, November, 2000     

Effect of amitriptyline on daily variations in cell composition of immune organs in rats with experimental desynchronosis

We studied the effects of amitriptyline (preparation stimulating melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland) on daily variations of cell composition in immune organs of Wistar rats with experimental desynchronosis. Amitriptyline administered in the evening restored the daily dynamics of the number of thymus cells. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 11, pp. 589–592, November, 2000     

Effect of early fasciotomy on intramuscular pressure and electrical excitability of muscles in experimental compartment syndrome

Experiments on rabbits with compartment syndrome of the leg showed that the main pathogenetic factors of muscle injury are postischemic contracture leading to extravascular microcirculatory disorders and tissue necrosis(early postcompression period) and progressive subfascial edema (18 h-4 days). Therapeutic effect of fasciotomy in the early period consists in restoration of bloodflow due to relaxation of contracted muscles and in the late period in decompression of edematous muscles and prevention of secondary ischemia. Fasciotomy through a small section does not lead to sufficient relaxation of rigid muscles and does not essentially increase the subfascial volume. Fasciotomy decreases subfascial pressure and muscle excitability threshold, however they remain considerably elevated during day 1. An electrodiagnostic test is proposed for early (before subfascial edema) detection of postischemic contracture. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 284–288, September, 2000     

Effect of early fasciotomy on intramuscular pressure and electrical excitability of muscles in experimental compartment syndrome

Experiments on rabbits with compartment syndrome of the leg showed that the main pathogenetic factors of muscle injury are postischemic contracture leading to extravascular microcirculatory disorders and tissue necrosis(early postcompression period) and progressive subfascial edema (18 h-4 days). Therapeutic effect of fasciotomy in the early period consists in restoration of bloodflow due to relaxation of contracted muscles and in the late period in decompression of edematous muscles and prevention of secondary ischemia. Fasciotomy through a small section does not lead to sufficient relaxation of rigid muscles and does not essentially increase the subfascial volume. Fasciotomy decreases subfascial pressure and muscle excitability threshold, however they remain considerably elevated during day 1. An electrodiagnostic test is proposed for early (before subfascial edema) detection of postischemic contracture. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 9, pp. 284–288, September, 2000