Functional collagen conduits combined with human mesenchymal stem cells promote regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in dogs

Numerous studies have focused on the development of novel and innovative approaches for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury using artificial nerve guide conduits. In this study, we attempted to bridge 3.5‐cm defects of the sciatic nerve with a longitudinally oriented collagen conduit (LOCC) loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs). The LOCC contains a bundle of longitudinally aligned collagenous fibres enclosed in a hollow collagen tube. Our previous studies showed that an LOCC combined with neurotrophic factors enhances peripheral nerve regeneration. However, it remained unknown whether an LOCC seeded with hUC‐MSCs could also promote regeneration. In this study, using various histological and electrophysiological analyses, we found that an LOCC provides mechanical support to newly growing nerves and functions as a structural scaffold for cells, thereby stimulating sciatic nerve regeneration. The LOCC and hUC‐MSCs synergistically promoted regeneration and improved the functional recovery in a dog model of sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, the combined use of an LOCC and hUC‐MSCs might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.     

Differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells into epithelial cells as a potential therapeutic application to facilitate epithelial regeneration

Epithelial denudation is one of the characteristics of chronic asthma. To restore its functions, the airway epithelium has to rapidly repair the injuries and regenerate its structure and integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages. However, the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells has not been fully studied. Here, we examined the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells using three different media compositions with various growth supplementations. The MSCs were isolated from porcine bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. The isolated MSCs were CD11^–CD34^–CD45^– CD44⁺CD90⁺ and CD105⁺ by immunostaining and flow cytometry. MSCs were stimulated with EpiGRO (Millipore), BEpiCM (ScienCell) and AECGM (PromoCell) media for 5 and 10 days, and epithelial differentiation was assessed by qPCR (keratin 14, 18 and EpCAM), fluorometry (cytokeratin 7‐8, cytokeratin 14‐15‐16‐19 and EpCAM), western blot analysis (pancytokeratin, EpCAM) and flow cytometry (cytokeratin 7‐8, cytokeratin 14‐15‐16‐19 and EpCAM). The functional marker MUC1 was also assessed after 10 days of air–liquid interface (ALI) culture in optimized media. Cells cultured in BEpiCM containing fibroblast growth factor and prostaglandin E₂ showed the highest expression of the epithelial markers: CK7‐8 (85.90%); CK‐14‐15‐16‐19 (10.14%); and EpCAM (64.61%). The cells also expressed functional marker MUC1 after ALI culture. The differentiated MSCs when cultured in BEpiCM medium ex vivo in a bioreactor on a decellularized trachea for 10 days retained the epithelial‐like phenotype. In conclusion, porcine bone marrow‐derived MSCs demonstrate commitment to the epithelial lineage and might be a potential therapy for facilitating the repair of denuded airway epithelium. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

间充质干细胞和内皮祖细胞对脐血造血干/祖细胞体外扩增效力的影响

目的比较脐带来源的间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)和内皮祖细胞(Endothelial progeni-tor cells,EPCs)对脐血造血干/祖细胞(Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells,HSCs/HPCs)的体外扩增效力。方法正常人脐血中分离单个核细胞(Mononuclear cells,MNCs),流式细胞术检测其中HSCs/HPCs所占比例,将MNCs分别接种于处理后的MSCs或EPCs或仅接种于培养液中,比较不同培养条件对HSCs/HPCs扩增能力、表面抗原CD34的表达以及集落形成能力的影响。结果共培养过程中,MSC组和EPC组的MNCs扩增倍数均明显高于对照组,且EPC组更为显著。扩增7天后,对照组、MSC组和EPC组的HSCs/HPCs CD34的表达均较扩增前下降,其中EPC组下降的最为显著,MSC组最不显著。共培养4天后,MSC组的HSCs/HPCs集落形成总数为EPC组的2.47倍(**,P<0.01),共培养7天后,MSC组的HSCs/HPCs集落形成总数为EPC组的3.45倍(**,P<0.01);EPC组与对照组的HSCs/HPCs集落形成总数无显著性差异。结论 MSC和EPC均可为HSCs/HPCs的体外扩增提供适宜的微环境,MSC可抑制HSCs/HPCs的分化,有助于维持其表面抗原CD34的表达,并保持其造血重建潜能和归巢能力;而EPC则可有效促进HSCs/HPCs的分化。     

体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肾小球系膜样细胞

目的:探讨血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF-BB)和全反式维甲酸(ATRA)在体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肾小球系膜样细胞的效果.方法:分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞,在培养液中添加300 ng/mLPDGF-BB,2μmol/L ATRA进行诱导分化,对分化后的细胞进行鉴定.结果:经过7 d诱导分化后,细胞呈现典型的肾小球系膜细胞形态,波形蛋白基因,结蛋白基因与α-平滑肌肌动蛋白基因及相应的蛋白在分化组均有很强的阳性表达.结论:PDGF-BB和ATRA能够有效地在体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞分化为肾小球系膜样细胞.     

脐血间充质干细胞的造血支持

背景：脐血造血干细胞移植价值日益突出,造血干细胞体外扩增已成为干细胞领域的研究热点。目的：复习相关文献,对脐血间充质干细胞支持造血作用研究现状与应用前景进行综述。方法：应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中2001至2012年关于脐血间充质干细胞造血支持作用的文章,中文检索词为＂脐血间充质干细胞,造血干细胞,CD34＋细胞,体外扩增＂,英文检索词为＂Hematopoietic stem cell expansion,CD34＋cell expansion,Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells＂。最终选择35篇文章进入结果分析。结果与结论：脐血间充质干细胞支持造血作用的多种作用机制,包括分泌多种具有造血支持作用的细胞因子,表达与造血细胞相互作用的黏附分子等。因此,体外扩增造血干细胞,临床联合移植间充质干细胞和造血干细胞,提高造血重建的能力,具有广阔的研究前景。     

两种细胞因子联合诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经样细胞分化简

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞可被定向诱导分化为神经样细胞,理论上骨髓间充质干细胞可作为种子细胞应用于周围神经组织工程。目的：用2种细胞因子联合诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞,进一步探讨其在周围神经损伤方面的应用。方法：从Wistar大鼠胫骨和股骨提取骨髓间充质干细胞,采用差速贴壁法进行培养和纯化,联合应用碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子对细胞进行诱导,观察细胞形态变化,并用免疫组织化学方法检测骨髓间充质干细胞中神经元特异性标志物的表达;并研究终止诱导后骨髓间充质干细胞的形态及免疫组织化学方面的变化。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞经诱导后呈典型神经细胞样改变,有两个或多个突起,突起之间相互连接成网状,可见细胞核及核仁,免疫组化检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶、神经丝蛋白及突触素蛋白表达阳性。撤除诱导条件后大部分细胞逐渐恢复原来的成纤维细胞样形态,上述3种蛋白的表达量明显下降。表明应用神经营养因子可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞,但其形态及组织学变化仅能维持一段较短的时间。     

羊膜上皮细胞和羊膜间充质干细胞构建组织工程皮肤

背景：由于人胎盘来源的间充质干细胞具有多方面的优点,近年来已成为干细胞研究的热点。目的：分析鉴定羊膜间充质干细胞和羊膜上皮细胞的生物学特性,探讨其作为皮肤种子细胞在三维气液培养构建组织工程皮肤中的应用情况。方法：用胰酶胶原酶多步消化法获取羊膜间充质干细胞和羊膜上皮细胞,通过流式细胞术、反转录-聚合酶链反应和免疫荧光染色技术,鉴定两种细胞的表面分子标记、干细胞特性、与皮肤角质形成细胞的相似性,并利用两种细胞为种子细胞以鼠Ⅰ型胶原为基质进行三维气液培养。结果与结论：①流式细胞术检测体外培养羊膜间充质干细胞和羊膜上皮细胞均高表达CD90、CD73、CDl05,不表达造血干细胞标志CD34以及MHC-Ⅱ类分子HLA-DR。②反转录聚合酶链反应检测到羊膜间充质干细胞表达干细胞特性基因CMCY和NANOG,羊膜上皮细胞表达干细胞特性基因CMCY和KLF4,两种细胞均有干细胞特性。③反转录-聚合酶链反应检测羊膜间充质干细胞表达皮肤角质形成细胞特性基因K19、β1-integrin、K8,羊膜上皮细胞表达K19、β1-integrin、K5、K8,免疫荧光染色见羊膜上皮细胞表达与角质形成细胞增殖相关的的特性蛋白K14,说明羊膜上皮细胞与皮肤角质形成细胞更具相似性,在特定条件下更易于分化为皮肤角质形成细胞。④利用两种细胞成功构建组织工程皮肤,苏木精-伊红染色切片显示其具有一定的皮肤结构,且羊膜上皮细胞发生了初步分化。以上结果说明羊膜间充质干细胞与羊膜上皮细胞通过三维培养构建人皮肤组织是可行的。     

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increase skin regeneration efficiency in skin and soft tissue expansion

Background: Skin and soft tissue expansion has limitations such as long hospitalization time and flap retraction after expansion. Our previous study suggested that bone marrow-derived stem cells contribute skin regeneration in skin and soft tissue expansion. In this study, the authors explored the feasibility of applying the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) to the treatment of skin and soft tissue expansion and increasing the skin regeneration efficiency.

Methods: Sixty silicone expanders were implanted in the backs of 15 pigs, and allogeneic BMMSCs were transplanted to skin shallow fascia layer (local transplantation, Group A) or via ear vein (systemic transplantation, Group B). Group C was the Sham operation control; and then the expanders were injected with normal saline (N.S.). Skin was obtained at different time points (days 0, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). The organizational structure changes of the target skin were observed in the expansion process. The distribution, differentiation, and paracrine function of labeled BMMSCs were detected.

Results: Comparing with Group B (25.00 ± 1.98 cm²) or Group C (24.00 ± 1.10 cm², no transplantation), the expanded skin area of Group A (28.82 ± 1.43 cm²) increased, with the morphology of epidermis thickened, and dermis thinned. The BMMSCs differentiated into vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. The quantity of newborn cells was proportional to the number of transplanted cells. The gene expression of VEGF, bFGF, EGF, and SDF in Group A was higher than those in Group B or C. The most obvious changes were on day 35.

Conclusions: The local transplanted BMMSCs could increase the skin regeneration efficiency in skin and soft tissue expansion and reduce skin shrinkage effectively after removing the expander. Growth factors, VEGF, bFGF, EGF, and SDF, are favorable to this process.     

新型神经导管复合材料与骨髓间充质干细胞的相容性

背景：理想的神经修复材料要有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性、可塑性以及一定的机械强度. 目的：观察自行研制的精氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸多肽接枝聚（羟基乙酸-L-赖氨酸-乳酸）/聚乳酸/β-磷酸三钙/神经生长因子复合材料与大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的细胞相容性. 方法：将从SD大鼠骨髓中分离纯化的第3代骨髓间充质干细胞与精氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸多肽接枝聚（羟基乙酸-L-赖氨酸-乳酸）/聚乳酸/β-磷酸三钙/神经生长因子复合材料或浸提液共同培养作为实验组,并以含体积分数10%胎牛血清的培养液培养骨髓间充质干细胞作为对照组.观察细胞在复合材料上的生长、存活及凋亡情况. 结果与结论：MTT检测结果显示,共培养5,7 d,实验组吸光度值高于对照组（P〈0.05）;流式细胞仪Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法结果显示,实验组细胞凋亡率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;扫描电镜观察见骨髓间充质干细胞在精氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸多肽接枝聚（羟基乙酸-L-赖氨酸-乳酸）/聚乳酸/β-磷酸三钙/神经生长因子复合材料表面生长良好,胞体发出多个突起,并交织成网状,呈典型的神经元样细胞表现.可见精氨酸-甘氨酸-天门冬氨酸多肽接枝聚（羟基乙酸-L-赖氨酸-乳酸）/聚乳酸/β-磷酸三钙/神经生长因子复合材料与骨髓间充质干细胞具有良好的细胞相容性,可作为优良的载体用于构建人工仿生神经.     

不同尿酸浓度对人骨髓间充质干细胞成神经分化的影响

背景：尿酸作为一种内源性的抗氧化剂,其抗氧化、抗 DNA 损害作用及发挥神经元保护作用近年受到关注。 目的：观察不同浓度尿酸对骨髓间充质干细胞成神经分化的影响。方法：体外分离、纯化、培养骨髓间充质干细胞,观察细胞形态,取扩增3代的骨髓间充质干细胞,分别用含0（对照组）、0.2,0.4,0.8 mmol/L浓度尿酸的预诱导液诱导24 h,再用含0（对照组）、0.2,0.4,0.8 mmol/L浓度尿酸的诱导液诱导1 h后行尼氏体染色,2 h后,用免疫组织化学法检测细胞内巢蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶的表达。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞经诱导后,细胞胞体收缩,形成突起并形成连接。细胞胞质中存在蓝色颗粒状的尼氏体,含不同浓度尿酸的诱导组神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性率均较对照组明显升高（P ＜0.05）,而且随着尿酸浓度增加,神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性表达率逐渐增加（P ＜0.05）。含不同浓度尿酸的诱导组巢蛋白阳性表达率较对照组降低（P＜0.05）,诱导4 h后,细胞脱落明显。在体外一定时间内,尿酸能够促进骨髓间充质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化,且具有一定的浓度依赖性。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外诱导分化为神经样细胞的机制

目的探索骨髓间充质干细胞 (MSCs)在体外诱导分化为神经样细胞的机制。方法分离培养大鼠MSCs ,用二甲基亚砜 (DSMO)和丁羟茴醚 (BHA)诱导分化 ,检测诱导分化前、预诱导 2 4h、诱导分化后 6h、2 4h和 48h神经细胞和神经干细胞的特异性标记蛋白的表达。结果诱导分化后 ,大部分MSCs变成双极、多极和锥形 ,并相互交织成网络结构 ,巢蛋白 (Nestin)在诱导分化前不表达 ,在诱导分化后 6h达到最高 ,2 4h和 48h逐渐降低。神经元特异性核蛋白 (NeuN )在诱导分化前不表达 ,在诱导分化后 6h出现表达 ,2 4h和 48h表达增强。结论MSCs经体外诱导先分化为神经干细胞 ,然后分化为神经元样细胞。     

人脐带间质干细胞的分离纯化及生物学特性鉴定

近年来,间质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)以其易于在体外分离培养、高增殖潜能等生物学特性,已经成为备受关注的治疗载体.本文探讨人脐带间质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell,hUCMSC)的分离培养及其生物学特性.     

诱导剂共培养：谁更适宜骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的分化？

背景：目前骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的方法较多,采用不同诱导方法对骨髓充质干细胞分化成神经细胞的比例是不同的。目的：比较化学诱导法和共培养法诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经细胞的差异。方法：大鼠全骨髓血细胞分离纯化法培养骨髓间充质干细胞,分为化学诱导组和共培养组,分别采用加入化学诱导剂β-巯基乙醇和Transwell小室共培养方法诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化。结果与结论：诱导培养1周后从化学诱导和共培养组的骨髓间充质干细胞出现突起,且呈辐射生长,2周后均可见神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性细胞。共培养组中第四五天可见星级神经细胞状结构,并形成更多的突起,神经元特异性烯醇化酶染色阳性率为（70.82±2.46）%。而在第六七天化学诱导组中神经细胞形态样细胞形成,并有连接,神经元特异性烯醇化酶染色阳性率为（52.37±1.83）%。提示细胞微环境在骨髓间充质干细胞分化成神经细胞发挥主导作用,且化学诱导法诱导效率低于共培养法。     

骨髓间充质干细胞促进胰岛再生的作用与研究现状

背景：研究发现,骨髓间充质干细胞移植入糖尿病大鼠后能够降低其血糖。目的：综述骨髓间充质干细胞在促进胰岛再生方面的作用与研究现状。方法：应用计算机检索2003年7月至2011年12月PubMed数据库相关文章,检索词为＂bone marrow derive mesenchymal stem cell,islet cells＂,并限定文章语言种类为English。同时计算机检索2003年7月至2011年12月万方数据库相关文章,检索词为＂骨髓间充质干细胞,胰岛细胞＂,并限定文章语言种类为中文。最终纳入符合标准的文献25篇。结果与结论：目前,移植胰岛治疗糖尿病已取得良好疗效,但由于胰岛来源匮乏和异种或异体来源的胰岛引起免疫排斥反应而难以使众多糖尿患者受益。骨髓间充质干细胞取材方便,容易进行体外分离、培养和纯化,且具有多向分化潜能。若将骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化为胰岛细胞,可望解决胰岛细胞来源和免疫排斥问题。文章对骨髓间充质干细胞分化为胰岛细胞治疗糖尿病的研究进展进行综述,并指出了存在问题和今后的研究方向。     

胎儿骨髓间质干细胞与细胞因子对脐血CD34+细胞扩增作用

目的　探讨胎儿骨髓间质干细胞对CD34 细胞体外扩增的造血支持作用。方法　体外分离、纯化胎儿骨髓间质干细胞 ;Mini MACS免疫磁珠分选 3份脐血CD34 细胞 ;建立胎儿骨髓间质干细胞与CD34 细胞共培养体系 :第 1组为单独CD34 细胞培养 ,第 2组为胎儿骨髓间质干细胞 CD34 细胞共培养 ,第 3组为细胞因子 (干细胞因子 ,白细胞介素 3,Flt3配体 ,血小板生成素 ) CD34 细胞共培养 ,第 4组为胎儿骨髓间质干细胞 细胞因子 CD34 细胞共培养。用流式细胞仪检测不同培养时间的CD34 细胞。结果　胎儿骨髓间质干细胞表达CD2 9,CD4 4 ;免疫磁珠分选CD34 细胞的平均纯度为 97.4 % ;胎儿骨髓间质干细胞 CD34 细胞共培养 2 8d ,有核CD34 细胞仍占有核细胞的 6 .4 3% ;CD34 细胞在胎儿骨髓间质干细胞、细胞因子作用下培养 2 8d ,有核细胞总数、CD34 细胞数分别被扩增 1.6 5× 10 5倍、788倍。结论　胎儿骨髓间质干细胞可有效扩增脐血造血干 /祖细胞。     

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound combination with induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived neural crest stem cells and growth differentiation factor 5 promotes sciatic nerve regeneration and functional recovery

The treatment of lengthy peripheral nerve defect is challenging in the field of nerve regeneration. Our previous studies have shown that low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) could promote the proliferation, cell viability, and neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived neural crest stem cells (iPSCs‐NCSCs) and improve the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve. In this study, the mechanical signal transduction pathway of LIPUS promoting iPSCs‐NCSCs proliferation and differentiation was further explored, and the effects of LIPUS combined with iPSCs‐NCSCs, perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), and growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) on the repair of peripheral nerve injury were evaluated. Results showed LIPUS may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of iPSCs‐NCSCs through FAK‐ERK1/2 signal pathway. PFTBA could supply sufficient oxygen to promote the viability of iPSCs‐NCSCs under 5% hypoxia culture condition and provide a favourable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. The addition of GDF5 could promote the neural differentiation of iPSCs‐NCSCs in vitro. LIPUS treatment of allogeneic decellularized nerve conduit containing iPSCs‐NCSCs, PFTBA, and GDF5 has very good effect on the repair of sciatic nerve injury. Taken together, these results provide functional evidence that LIPUS might be a useful tool to explore alternative approaches in the field of nerve regeneration.     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗周围神经损伤

背景：关于神经干细胞对周围神经损伤的治疗已有多篇报道,但外周血干细胞对周围神经损伤治疗鲜有报道。目的：探讨自体外周血干细胞移植治疗周围神经损伤使失神经骨骼肌重获神经再支配的临床应用。方法：应用外周血干细胞治疗周围神经损伤6例,同时与周围神经损伤单纯行神经断端吻合或神经移植10例比较。2组患者术后常规肌注鼠神经生长因子一两个疗程,同时给予针灸、理疗、经皮电刺激治疗及功能康复训练。结果与结论：两组患者随访均超过6个月。干细胞移植组运动神经传导速度和感觉神经传导速度的恢复率要明显高于单纯神经吻合组。提示周围神经损伤后给予修复局部用外周血干细胞移植能够使远端失神经骨骼肌早期重新获得神经再支配。     

Regenerative effect of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells transplantation using nerve conduit therapy on sciatic nerve injury in rats

This study proposed a biodegradable GGT nerve conduit containing genipin crosslinked gelatin annexed with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic particles for the regeneration of peripheral nerves. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that GGT‐extracts were non‐toxic and promoted proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the induction of stem cells (i‐ASCs) derived from adipose tissue. Furthermore, the study confirmed the effectiveness of a GGT/i‐ASCs nerve conduit as a guidance channel in the repair of a 10‐mm gap in the sciatic nerve of rats. At eight weeks post‐implantation, walking track analysis showed a significantly higher sciatic function index (SFI) (P < 0.05) in the GGT/i‐ASC group than in the autograft group. Furthermore, the mean recovery index of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) differed significantly between GGT/i‐ASCs and autograft groups (P < 0.05), both of which were significantly superior to the GGT group (P < 0.05). No severe inflammatory reaction in the peripheral nerve tissue at the site of implantation was observed in either group. Histological observation and immunohistochemistry revealed that the morphology and distribution patterns of nerve fibers in the GGT/i‐ASCs nerve conduits were similar to those of the autografts. These promising results achieved through a combination of regenerative cells and GGT nerve conduits suggest the potential value in the future development of clinical applications for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶在卵巢切除小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞的多向分化能力在骨代谢疾病中发挥重要作用,受激素、细胞因子等多种因素调节。目前骨髓间充质干细胞骨向分化的表观遗传学调控机制尚不明确,组蛋白去乙酰化酶与骨质疏松的关系尚需进一步探讨。 目的：建立雌激素缺乏骨质疏松小鼠的实验动物模型,检测骨髓间充质干细胞组蛋白去乙酰化酶1,3,4 mRNA表达水平,探索卵巢切除小鼠骨组织形成障碍的表观遗传学机制。 方法：昆明种小鼠30只随机等分为模型组和假手术组。小鼠适应性喂养7 d后,模型组小鼠切除双侧卵巢,造成雌激素缺乏骨质疏松实验动物模型,假手术组小鼠仅切除等量脂肪组织。 结果与结论：模型组小鼠股骨骨小梁稀疏或断裂,骨小梁宽度变窄,骨小梁间距变宽,骨小梁占视野面积降低。与假手术组相比,模型组小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中组蛋白去乙酰化酶3 mRNA表达水平显著降低,组蛋白去乙酰化酶1,4表达水平变化差异无显著性意义。提示雌激素缺乏导致骨髓间充质干细胞去乙酰化状态改变可能是骨形成障碍的重要原因之一。     

Adipose-derived stem cells for the regeneration of damaged tissues

As the promise of stem cell-based therapies begins to be realised, and efforts to bring advances to the clinic mount, the source of these cells is increasingly important. The morbidity associated with harvesting stem cells from solid organs and the invasive nature of bone marrow biopsies may limit their practicality for wider clinical applications. An emerging body of literature suggests that adipose tissue may provide an abundant, readily accessible source of cells with similar potential to that described of other adult stem cells. This review will address advances in the use of adipose stem cells in fields as divergent as soft tissue reconstruction and cerebral infarction recovery. Numerous challenges will also be discussed; however, rapidly accumulating advances suggest that adipose stem cells may be as effective as they are abundant.