pEGFP?N1?HBsAg?ROP2多基因重组表达质粒的构建及表达鉴定

目的 构建pEGFP?N1?HBsAg?ROP2重组质粒,并转染HEK293T细胞进行表达鉴定,为弓形虫病核酸疫苗的研制奠定基础。 方法 根据HBsAg基因序列和pcDNA3?p30?ROP2重组质粒酶切位点设计引物,PCR扩增HBsAg基因,经酶切、连接、转化,利用HBsAg基因替换p30基因,构建pcDNA3?HBsAg?ROP2重组质粒;经HindⅢ和KpnⅠ双酶切,将HBsAg?ROP2片段与pEGFP?N1真核表达载体相连,构建pEGFP?N1?HBsAg?ROP2重组表达质粒,转染HEK293T细胞,观察其蛋白表达水平。结果 HBsAg片段PCR产物约700 bp,与理论值相符;构建pcDNA3?HBsAg?ROP2重组质粒,双酶切电泳后得到约5.4 kb和1.9 kb的两条带,与预期结果相符。pEGFP?N1?HBsAg?ROP2双酶切后产生约4.7 kb和1.9 kb的条带,经测序鉴定,与GenBank发表的序列同源性为99.84%。目的基因已成功转染入HEK293T细胞中,且正确表达,蛋白浓度为3.08 mg/ml。结论 成功构建pEGFP? N1?HBsAg?ROP2重组表达质粒,转染HEK293T细胞能正确表达。     

B7-1转基因骨肉瘤疫苗的制备及鉴定

目的构建含B7—1基因与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因的融合表达载体,转染LM8骨肉瘤细胞制备骨肉瘤疫苗。方法用RT—PCR法扩增B7—1基因片断,应用含GFP基因的真核表达质粒构建融合表达载体,酶切、测序鉴定构建质粒;采用脂质体介导方法将其转染到LM8细胞,并用荧光显微镜及LCM结合蛋白免疫印记检测其在肿瘤疫苗细胞中的表达。结果经PCR及酶切鉴定,证实成功构建了含B7—1基因的真核表达重组体pEGFP—C1／B7,重组子测序结果与国际基因文库中mB7—1序列相符。用荧光显微镜观察到疫苗细胞中有GFP表达,RT—PCR检测到疫苗细胞中B7—1基因的表达．westernblot发现疫苗细胞中有B7蛋白的表达。结论B7—1重组真核绿色荧光表达载体pEGFP—C1／B7已成功构建,转染,LM8细胞成功制备了骨肉瘤细胞疫苗。     

日本血吸虫新基因Sj Dad1的DNA免疫动物保护性实验研究

目的　观察日本血吸虫未知基因SjDad1的DNA免疫保护动物实验效果 ,探讨其作为疫苗候选分子的可能性。方法　构建SjDad1的真核表达载体 pEGFP -N3 -SjDad1,两次质粒DNA免疫BALB/c小鼠后给予小鼠日本血吸虫尾蚴攻击感染 ,设置生理盐水对照组 (NS)和pEGFP -N3 对照组 ,攻击感染后 4 2天处死小鼠 ,计算减虫率和减卵率。结果　双酶切和PCR反应以及测序结果证实重组真核表达载体 pEGFP -N3 -SjDad1构建成功 ,DNA免疫动物的保护实验证明 pEGFP -N3 -SjDad1与生理盐水组相比对小鼠没有显著的减虫作用 (P >0 0 5 ) ,减卵效果具有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ,减卵率是6 5 74 %。结论　日本血吸虫 pEGFP -N3 -SjDad1有抗血吸虫生殖作用 ,具有疫苗研究开发价值。     

弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白GRA2真核表达质粒的构建与体外表达

目的构建弓形虫致密颗粒蛋白GRA2的真核表达重组质粒。方法设计合成GRA2引物，运用PCR方法扩增其基因片段，经克隆至pMDl8-T载体后，亚克隆至真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1（-）而构建重组表达质粒pcDNA3．1-GRA2。脂质体法将构建的重组质粒转染HFF细胞，RT—PCR法检测转染细胞中GRA2的表达情况。结果PCR扩增GRA2基因序列正确，构建的重组表达质粒pcDNA3．1-GRA2经PCR、EcoRⅠ／HindⅢ双酶切和测序鉴定正确；转染GRA2基因的细胞，RT—PCR可见目的条带。结论成功获得真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1-GRA2，为进一步研究弓形虫疫苗的免疫保护性奠定基础。     

结核分支杆菌ESAT-6真核表达质粒的构建及蛋白表达的鉴定

目的 用6kDa早期分泌性抗原靶蛋白(ESAT-6)基因构建真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-6，并鉴定其在真核细胞(COS-7)中的蛋白表达。方法 以结核杆菌H37Rv株基因组DNA为模板，用PCR对ESAT-6基因进行扩增，将扩增的产物连接于测序载体pUCm—T上，经测序反应确定无误后，再将PCR反应产物克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3．1( )上。并用脂质体介导真核表达重组质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-6转染真核细胞COS-7，72h后，通过SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹鉴定ESAT-6基因表达的蛋白。结果 用结核杆菌基因ESAT-6构建重组真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1( )-ESAT-成功，通过SDS—PAGE证明重组质粒转化的细胞内有一分子量6kDa的特异蛋白，免疫印迹证明该6kDa蛋白能与抗ESAT-6单克隆抗体反应。结论 结核杆菌早期分泌性蛋白ESAT-6真核表达重组质粒成功构建，该质粒转染的细胞能够产生、分泌结核杆菌早期分泌性蛋白ESAT-6。     

恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面抗原2基因片段的克隆及表达

目的构建恶性疟原虫海南分离株(FCC-1/HN)裂殖子表面抗原2(MSA2)基因片段的重组真核表达质粒pBK/MSA2.方法采用限制性内切酶法从重组的大肠杆菌-分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pBCG/MSA2中分离出经过测序鉴定的MSA2基因片段,将其亚克隆入真核表达载体pBK-CMV,构建重组真核表达质粒pBK/MSA2.经IPTG诱导,重组质粒在大肠杆菌DH5a中进行表达,并进行十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及免疫印迹(Western-blot)分析.结果从pBCG/MSA2中分离出MSA2基因片段,成功构建pBK/MSA2重组质粒;SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析结果显示,特异性蛋白条带的分子质量约为31 ku.结论恶性疟原虫MSA2可在大肠杆菌中成功表达.     

白色念珠菌sap2基因真核表达质粒的构建及免疫原性研究

目的构建以白色念珠菌SAP2蛋白编码基因sap2为目的基因的真核重组表达质粒,并对其免疫原性进行分析。方法RT-PCR法自白色念珠菌标准菌株ATCC64550中获取sap2基因,插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中,将真核表达经质粒大抽提并定量后免疫BALB/c小鼠,ELISA法检测抗体产生水平,流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫。结果RT-PCR法克隆出全长为1 197 bp的sap2基因;用构建的pcDNA3.1-SAP2免疫小鼠,能诱导产生效价为1∶1 600的IgG抗体,同时CD4^＋T和CD8^＋T细胞百分比增高。结论成功获取了白色念珠菌sap2蛋白基因,真核表达质粒能够诱导动物的体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗构建及其表达效率

目的构建多房棘球绦虫(Em)重组卡介苗(BCG-EmⅡ/3)疫苗,分析EmⅡ/3分子在该疫苗中的表达效率。方法超声粉碎泡球蚴组织提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增EmⅡ/3的抗原编码基因；将该基因定向克隆到大肠埃希菌-分枝杆菌穿梭表达载体pBCG,构建重组质粒pBCG-EmⅡ/3；电穿孔法转化BCG,构建多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗。免疫印迹分析重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗的表达产物。结果RT-PCR成功扩增出1 680 bp的EmⅡ/3抗原编码基因；双酶切证实EmⅡ/3抗原编码基因成功插入pBCG中；PCR证实rBCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗构建成功：免疫印迹分析发现重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗的表达产物在相对分子质量(Mr)约为65×10~3处有明显的目的蛋白表达条带,且能被活动性泡球蚴病鼠血清特异识别。结论成功构建了多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗,为疫苗的开发和利用打下了坚实的理论基础。     

插入CpG序列的乙肝病毒核心抗原基因真核表达质粒的构建及在树突状细胞中的表达

目的：构建pEGFP—N1／CpG-HBcAg（ISS）真核表达载体，探讨乙肝病毒核心抗原（HBcAg）在树突状细胞（DC）中的表达，为研制乙肝治疗性疫苗奠定基础。方法：根据HBcAg基因序列，设计合成两对引物，在引物中引入针对人敏感的CpG基序和不合CpG的片段，用PCR方法从慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBVDNA中扩增出HBcAg基因片段，将扩增产物与pEGFP—N1连接，构建重组体pEGFP—N1／CpG-HBcAg，进行酶切、PCR及测序鉴定；分离人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC），体外诱导分化为DC，通过脂质体将重组质粒pEGFP—N1／CpG-HBcAg和空载体分别转染DC，Western blot检测HBcAg在DC的表达。结果：HBcAg基因体外扩增产物大小为530bp。所构建的pEGFP-N1／CpG—HBcAg经双酶切及PCR鉴定，与预期片段的大小相符。测序结果与GenBank中收录的HBcAg全长序列一致，表明pEGFP—NI／CpG-HBcAg真核表达体构建正确；PBMC体外成功刺激分化为DC，HBcAg可在DC中表达。结论：成功构建了真核重组表达载体pEGFP—N1／CpG—HBcAg，且可在DC中表达，为CpG的功能研究和乙型肝炎治疗性疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12的构建与表达

目的构建黑色素瘤抗原基因-12（MAGE-12）绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE—12，并在真核细胞中表达。方法于2005—10～2005—12对郑州大学第一附属医院应用RT—PCR方法．从人肺癌组织中扩增出MAGE-12cDNA基因片段，经过酶切鉴定后，克隆至质粒载体（pGEM—Teasy），测序证实碱基序列无误后，再克隆至真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体（pEGFP—C3）上，并转染真核细胞，观察其在真核细胞中表达。结果经酶切及基因序列分析验证，PCR扩增出944bp的MAGE-12基因并成功构建了真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12，该重组载体能够在真核细胞中广泛表达。结论成功构建真核绿色荧光蛋白表达载体pEGFP—C3-MAGE-12，为建立肿瘤细胞疫苗打下基础。     

Classification and characterization of hereditary types 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2M, 2N, and 2U (unclassifiable) von Willebrand disease.

All variants of type 2 von Willebrand disease (VWD) patients, except 2N, show a defective von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein (on cross immunoelectrophoresis or multimeric analysis), decreased ratios for VWF:RCo/Ag and VWF:CB/Ag and prolonged bleeding time. The bleeding time is normal and FVIII:C levels are clearly lower than VWF:Ag in type 2N VWD. High resolution multimeric analysis of VWF in plasma demonstrates that proteolysis of VWF is increased in type 2A and 2B VWD with increased triplet structure of each visuable band (not present in types 2M and 2U), and that proteolysis of VWF is minimal in type 2C, 2D, and 2E variants that show aberrant multimeric structure of individual oligomers. VWD 2B differs from 2A by normal VWF in platelets, and increased ristocetine-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA). RIPA, which very likely reflects the VWF content of platelets, is normal in mild, decreased in moderate, and absent in severe type 2A VWD. RIPA is decreased or absent in 2M, 2U, 2C, and 2D, variable in 2E, and normal in 2N. VWD 2M is usually mild and characterized by decreased VWF:RCo and RIPA, a normal or near normal VWF multimeric pattern in a low resolution agarose gel. VWD 2A-like or unclassifiable (2U) is distinct from 2A and 2B and typically featured by low VWF:RCo and RIPA with the relative lack of high large VWF multimers. VWD type 2C is recessive and shows a characteristic multimeric pattern with a lack of high molecular weight multimers, the presence of one single-banded multimers instead of triplets caused by homozygosity or double hereozygosity for a mutation in the multimerization part of VWF gene. Autosomal dominant type 2D is rare and characterized by the lack of high molecular weight multimers and the presence of a characteristic intervening subband between individual oligimers due to mutation in the dimerization part of the VWF gene. In VWD type 2E, the large VWF multimers are missing and the pattern of the individual multimers shows only one clearly identifiable band, and there is no intervening band and no marked increase in the smallest oligomer. 2E appears to be less well defined, is usually autosomal dominant, and accounts for about one third of patients with 2A in a large cohort of VWD patients.     

Different RBC aggregating properties of the Aalpha2Bbeta2gammaA2 and Aalpha2Bbeta2gammaAgamma' subpopulations of human fibrinogen

Human fibrinogen (TF) has been separated into two fractions: F1 - homodimers with respect to the gamma chain, and F2 - heterodimers composed of gammaA and gamma' polypeptides. Their rouleaux-inducing properties were as follows: (1) both, at the same concentration of 0.8%, were less effective than TF; (2) F1 produced larger rouleaux even under static conditions of a hemocytometer where F2 was silent; (3) F2 induced the process when a suspension was gently sheared between microscopic slides. Since the synthetic peptide gamma'(414-427) inhibited the rouleau formation in a mixture with F2, the C-terminal amino acids of the gamma' polypeptide probably bind the molecule to the cell. The inhibition was feebly visible in the native ratio of F1/F2, implicating a compensatory effect of F1.     

Influence of Mixed Na2O/K2O on Chemical Durability and Spectral Properties of P2O5-Al2O3-BaO-K2O-Na2O-Nd2O3 Phosphate Glasses

A series of 56P₂O₅-7.5Al₂O₃-5.9BaO-(28.56-x)K₂O-xNa₂O-1.51Nd₂O₃ phosphate glasses with different Na/(Na+K) ratios, which were specially designed for high-power laser application, were prepared by a high-temperature melting method. Except for the density, refractive index, glass transition temperature, and DC conductivity, the chemical durability and spectral properties, as emphasized by high-power and high-energy laser material, were further measured and analyzed. Regarding the chemical durability, the dissolution rates of these glasses do not show an evident mixed alkali effect with increasing the Na/(Na+K) ratio, although the effect is obvious for the glass transition temperature and DC conductivity. To better understand the nature of the dissolution mechanism, the ionic release concentrations of every element are determined. Both Na and K undergo ion exchange, but the ion exchange rate of K is much larger than that of Na. In terms of the spectral properties, the J–O parameters, emission cross-section, radiation lifetime, fluorescence lifetime, effective bandwidth, fluorescence branching ratio, and quantum efficiency are determined from absorption and emission spectra. The trend of Ω₂ deviating from linearity indicates that the coordination environment symmetry of Nd³⁺ ions and the covalence of Nd-O also present an evident mixed alkali effect. The most important finding is that the emission cross-section and fluorescence lifetime of Nd³⁺ ions at 1053 nm were not affected by the change in the Na/K ratio. According to the above experimental results, the optimized value of the Na/K ratio was determined, based on which the 56P₂O₅-7.5Al₂O₃-5.9BaO-(28.56-x)K₂O-xNa₂O-1.51Nd₂O₃ glass maintains a high emission cross-section with good chemical durability.     

Structure-function of Hb Marseille-Long Island [alpha 2 beta 2 N-methionyl-2(NA2) His----Pro

Suspensions of red cells containing Hb Marseille-Long Island showed decreased oxygen affinity and low interaction with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Oxygen equilibrium studies of the purified component confirmed these abnormalities. Oxidation rate measurements of carbonmonoxy-Hb Marseille and carbonmonoxy-Hb A by ferricyanide showed an increased rate for the former, suggesting an increased dissociation constant for carbon monoxide. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra in the high field region revealed small changes in the proximal region of the heme pocket. These results indicated that the mutation causes a perturbation at a distance from the mutation site.     

Task2 potassium channels set central respiratory CO2 and O2 sensitivity

Task2 K⁺ channel expression in the central nervous system is surprisingly restricted to a few brainstem nuclei, including the retrotrapezoid (RTN) region. All Task2-positive RTN neurons were lost in mice bearing a Phox2b mutation that causes the human congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. In plethysmography, Task2^−/− mice showed disturbed chemosensory function with hypersensitivity to low CO₂ concentrations, leading to hyperventilation. Task2 probably is needed to stabilize the membrane potential of chemoreceptive cells. In addition, Task2^−/− mice lost the long-term hypoxia-induced respiratory decrease whereas the acute carotid-body-mediated increase was maintained. The lack of anoxia-induced respiratory depression in the isolated brainstem–spinal cord preparation suggested a central origin of the phenotype. Task2 activation by reactive oxygen species generated during hypoxia could silence RTN neurons, thus contributing to respiratory depression. These data identify Task2 as a determinant of central O₂ chemoreception and demonstrate that this phenomenon is due to the activity of a small number of neurons located at the ventral medullary surface.     

First-order antiferromagnetic transitions of SrMn2P2 and CaMn2P2 single crystals containing corrugated-honeycomb Mn sublattices

SrMn₂P₂ and CaMn₂P₂ are insulators that adopt the trigonal CaAl₂Si₂-type structure containing corrugated Mn honeycomb layers. Magnetic susceptibility χ and heat capacity versus temperature T data reveal a weak first-order antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at the Néel temperature TN=53(1) K for SrMn₂P₂ and a strong first-order AFM transition at TN=69.8(3) K for CaMn₂P₂. Both compounds exhibit isotropic and nearly T-independent χ(T≤TN), suggesting magnetic structures in which nearest-neighbor moments are aligned at ≈120° to each other. The ³¹P NMR measurements confirm the strong first-order transition in CaMn₂P₂ but show critical slowing down above TN for SrMn₂P₂, thus also evidencing second-order character. The ³¹P NMR measurements indicate that the AFM structure of CaMn₂P₂ is commensurate with the lattice whereas that of SrMn₂P₂ is incommensurate. These first-order AFM transitions are unique among the class of (Ca, Sr, Ba)Mn₂ (P, As, Sb, Bi)₂ compounds that otherwise exhibit second-order AFM transitions. This result challenges our understanding of the circumstances under which first-order AFM transitions occur.

The Mn-based 122-type pnictides AMn2Pn2 (A= Ca, Sr, Ba; Pn = P, As, Sb, Bi) have received attention owing to their close stoichiometric 122-type relationship to high-Tc iron pnictides. The undoped Mn pnictides are local-moment antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators like the high-Tc cuprate parent compounds (1–3). The BaMn2Pn2 compounds crystallize in the body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2 structure as in AFe2As2 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu), whereas the (Ca,Sr)Mn2Pn2 compounds crystallize in the trigonal CaAl2Si2-type structure (4). Recently, density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for the 122 pnictide family have suggested that the trigonal 122 transition-metal pnictides that have the CaAl2Si2 structure might compose a new family of magnetically frustrated materials in which to study the potential superconducting mechanism (5, 6). It had previously been suggested on theoretical grounds that CaMn₂Sb₂ is a fully frustrated classical magnetic system arising from proximity to a tricritical point (7–9).The electrical resistivity ρ and heat capacity Cp versus temperature T of single-crystal CaMn₂P₂ were reported in ref. 10. The compound is an insulator at T = 0 and undergoes a first-order transition of some type at 69.5 K. The Raman spectrum of CaMn₂P₂ at T = 10 K showed new peaks compared to the spectrum at 300 K, whereas the authors’ single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements showed no difference in the crystal structure at 293 and 40 K. They suggested that the results of the two types of measurements could be reconciled if a superstructure formed below 69.5 K (10). The authors’ magnetic susceptibility χ(T) measurements below 400 K revealed no evidence for a magnetic transition.Here we report the detailed properties of trigonal CaMn₂P₂ and SrMn₂P₂ (11) single crystals. We present the results of single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical resistivity ρ in the ab plane (hexagonal unit cell) versus temperature T, isothermal magnetization versus applied magnetic field M(H), magnetic susceptibility χ(T), heat capacity Cp(H,T), and ³¹P NMR measurements. We find from Cp(T), χ(T), and NMR that CaMn₂P₂ exhibits a strong first-order AFM transition at TN=69.8(3) K whereas SrMn₂P₂ shows a weak first-order transition at TN=53(1) K but with critical slowing down on approaching TN from above as revealed from NMR, a characteristic feature of second-order transitions. Thus, remarkably, the AFM transition in SrMn₂P₂ has characteristics of both first- and second-order transitions. The χ(T) data also reveal the presence of strong isotropic AFM spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic (PM) state above TN up to our maximum measurement temperatures of 900 and 350 K for SrMn₂P₂ and CaMn₂P₂, respectively. This behavior likely arises from spin fluctuations associated with the quasi–two-dimensional nature of the Mn spin layers (12) together with possible contributions from magnetic frustration. Our single-crystal XRD data at room temperature and high-resolution synchrotron XRD data at T = 20 K for SrMn₂P₂ and CaMn₂P₂ demonstrate conclusively that there is no structure change of either compound on cooling below their respective TN.Our studies of SrMn₂P₂ and CaMn₂P₂ thus identify the only known members of the class of materials with general formula AMn2Pn2 containing Mn2+ spins S = 5/2 that exhibit first-order AFM transitions, where A = Ca, Sr, or Ba and the pnictogen Pn= P, As, Sb, or Bi. In particular, only second-order AFM transitions are found in CaMn2As2 (13), SrMn2As2 (13–15), CaMn2Sb2 (8, 9, 16–19), SrMn2Sb2 (16, 19), and CaMn2Bi2 (20).     

PON2 and ATP2B2 gene polymorphisms with noise-induced hearing loss

Background

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease induced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Paraoxonase2 (PON2) gene involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species, and affecting the vulnerability of cochlea to NIHL, and ATPase, calcium-transporting, plasma membrane 2 (ATP2B2) gene which encodes plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase isoform 2 (PMCA2) are the candidate genes relating to the attack of NIHL. In this study, we investigated whether ATP2B2 and PON2 polymorphisms were associated with NIHL in Chinese of Han nationality population.

Methods

We performed a case-control study between six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1719571, rs3209637 and rs4327369 within ATP2B2, rs12026, rs7785846 and rs12704796 within PON2) and NIHL in 454 subjects. All the SNPs were genotypes, using the TaqMan MGB probe assay. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) with logistic regression analysis to test the level of association for SNPs.

Results

In our study, 221 subjects with hearing loss and 233 subjects without hearing loss were recruited. The frequencies of the CG and CG + GG genotype of rs12026 (PON2) conferred risk factors for NIHL with adjusted OR values of 2.62 (95% CI, 1.69–4.06) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.63–3.78), respectively. This kind of significance was also found at locus rs7785846, where genotypes CT and CT + TT were the risk types, with adjusted ORs of 2.52 (95% CI, 1.62–3.93) and 2.35 (95% CI, 1.54–3.58), respectively. We performed stratified analysis per noise exposure level, when it came to rs7785846 and rs12026 in the >92 dB(A) noise exposure group, the subjects who carried heterozygote were of significantly (P<0.01) higher susceptibility to NIHL than homozygote carriers. By contrast, no significantly higher risk was found for any rs12704796 genotypes or any genotypes in ATP2B2 (P>0.05), which may suggest that these SNPs did not have significant effects on noise susceptibility across noise exposure.

Conclusions

Our research suggested that PON2 might play a role in the etiology of NIHL in Chinese of Han nationality population.     

Identification of SH2B2beta as an inhibitor for SH2B1- and SH2B2alpha-promoted Janus kinase-2 activation and insulin signaling

The SH2B family has three members (SH2B1, SH2B2, and SH2B3) that contain conserved dimerization (DD), pleckstrin homology, and SH2 domains. The DD domain mediates the formation of homo- and heterodimers between members of the SH2B family. The SH2 domain of SH2B1 (previously named SH2-B) or SH2B2 (previously named APS) binds to phosphorylated tyrosines in a variety of tyrosine kinases, including Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and the insulin receptor, thereby promoting the activation of JAK2 or the insulin receptor, respectively. JAK2 binds to various members of the cytokine receptor family, including receptors for GH and leptin, to mediate cytokine responses. In mice, SH2B1 regulates energy and glucose homeostasis by enhancing leptin and insulin sensitivity. In this work, we identify SH2B2beta as a new isoform of SH2B2 (designated as SH2B2alpha) derived from the SH2B2 gene by alternative mRNA splicing. SH2B2beta has a DD and pleckstrin homology domain but lacks a SH2 domain. SH2B2beta bound to both SH2B1 and SH2B2alpha, as demonstrated by both the interaction of glutathione S-transferase-SH2B2beta fusion protein with SH2B1 or SH2B2alpha in vitro and coimmunoprecipitation of SH2B2beta with SH2B1 or SH2B2alpha in intact cells. SH2B2beta markedly attenuated the ability of SH2B1 to promote JAK2 activation and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by JAK2. SH2B2beta also significantly inhibited SH2B1- or SH2B2alpha-promoted insulin signaling, including insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. These data suggest that SH2B2beta is an endogenous inhibitor of SH2B1 and/or SH2B2alpha, negatively regulating insulin signaling and/or JAK2-mediated cellular responses.