衡水市社会办医效果及PEST探析

[目的]对近年来衡水市社会办医的效果进行分析。[方法]采用间断时间序列研究法分析医改前后社会办医政策的效果,并从PEST理论(政治、经济、社会、技术四方面)角度出发,探索社会办医发展效果并提出相应的建议。[结果]2007-2013年期间,非公立医院数量占比逐年提高,从2007年的32.1%增加到45.2%;公立医院床位数的增长高于非公立医院,2013年公立医院床位数比2007年增长了87.9%,非公立医院增长了39.0%;公立医院的诊疗人次、入院人次均高于非公立医院。[结论]近年来社会办医效果有所提升,但是服务竞争力与公立医院的差距仍然很大,还有很大的提升空间。应进一步加强政策引导,明确非公立医院的发展方向,提升非公立医院的数量以及服务质量。     

社会办医后劲强大

<正>截至2017年6月,我国非公立医疗机构有44.6万余家,占全国医疗机构总数的45%;非公立医院有1.69万家,占全国医院总数的57.7%,非公立医院数量累计增长100%。这表明,社会办医正在迅速发展。同时,社会办医仍处于明显劣势。一方面,从医院床位数、诊疗人数、出院人数等方面综合分析,非公立医疗机构服务总量不足公立医疗机构服务总量的1/5。另一方面,非公立医疗机构以一级医院为主要组     

北京市民营医院与公立医院现状比较研究

目的:对比分析北京市民营医院与公立医院发展现状,探索促进民营医院发展的策略。方法:对《2014年北京市卫生机构年报表》中民营医院和公立医院的基本情况、规模、人力资源、医疗服务等方面进行描述性分析和比较研究。结果:355家民营医院中76.1%没有评级,59.7%不是医保定点医院,82.8%土地需要租赁;虽然民营医院数量比公立医院多,但实有床位仅占全市总数的20.2%、卫技人员占16.4%,在收入、资产和医疗服务量等方面也仅占全市总量的10%左右。结论:北京市民营医院在规模、人力资源、服务能力等方面与公立医院存在较大差距,政府应当在医院评级、医保定点、医疗用地等方面落实对于民营医院的支持政策,加快形成"共同发展、平等竞争"的多元化办医格局。     

百色市非公立医院与公立医院发展对比分析

目的对比分析广西百色市非公立医院与公立医院发展现状,探索促进非公立医院发展的策略。方法通过公文征集等形式,对2012—2014年百色市非公立医院和公立医院的基本情况、医院规模、人力资源、医疗服务等方面进行描述性分析和比较研究。结果百色市非公立医院占全市医院总数的34.21%,床位数占全市总数的2.70%,卫生技术人员占全市4.52%,医疗服务量占全市4.93%,收入仅占全市医院总收入的1.20%。结论百色市非公立医院的发展尚处于起步阶段,在医院规模、人力资源、服务能力等方面与公立医院存在较大差距,非公立医院要加强与医学院校合作,注重人才引进与培养,发挥专科优势,加快形成多元化办医格局。     

我国160家社会办医医院的效率研究

目的:评价我国社会办医医院的技术效率和规模效率,比较不同类型社会办医效率的差异,为社会办医医院改善效率提供参考。方法:系统收集160家社会办医医院2014年人员、设备、资产、医疗服务等投入产出指标,运用DEA的C2R模型和BC2模型计算样本医院的年度总体效率、技术效率和规模效率。结果:在被调查的社会办医医院中,DEA有效的单元有16家,占全部样本医院的10.00%,其中纯技术有效的医院共41家,技术有效率为25.63%,规模有效的20家,规模有效率为12.50%,规模效率递增的43家,规模效率递减的99家。结论:样本社会办医医院整体运行效率不高;社会办医效率绩效低于同级别的公立医院;改善规模是影响社会办医效率的重要因素。     

上海市三级公立医院特需服务发展的现状及趋势分析

目的:分析上海市三级公立医院特需服务发展的现状和趋势,为完善相关政策提供依据。方法:梳理公立医院特需服务管理的相关政策,并对2011—2013年上海市三级公立医院提供特需服务的机构数量、服务数量、价格、费用等进行定量分析。结果:上海市相关政策对特需服务规模具有明确要求,住院床位费、住院诊查费、护理费、门诊诊查费可由医院自主定价。2013年,上海市89.7%的三级公立医院开展了特需服务,特需服务数量变化较为平稳,但医院之间收费差别较大,2013年上海市三级公立医院特需服务总费用占全院总费用的6.2%,药占比低于全院平均水平。结论与建议:公立医院特需服务的存在具有历史必要性,短期内应加强其监管。公立医院应加强自身管理,规范提供特需服务。借鉴国际先进经验,形成公立医院多层次的医疗服务格局,并积极开展与社会办医疗机构的合作。     

四川省社会办医现状及发展策略研究

目的 分析四川省社会办医的现状及存在的问题,为鼓励和引导社会办医的发展提供参考建议。方法 随机抽样调查四川省31家社会办医院的基本情况,数据采用Epidata3.1建立数据库和逻辑审核程序,采用Excel和SPSS18.0对数据进行整理和统计分析。结果 社会办医机构规模偏小,服务能力较弱;初级职称占比大,执业医师初级占比34.7%,注册护士初级占比79.1%,卫生人力质量和数量有待改善;诊疗人次数占市场份额较少,床位使用率低,2017年床位利用率为82.6%;职能交叉和职能不明确并存,政府监管需要加强。结论 推进多点执业,鼓励社会办医重视服务质量和多方位完善监督管理,有助于满足居民多元化的医疗卫生服务需求,推动社会办医健康发展。     

社会办医医院效率绩效的影响因素分析

目的:探讨我国社会办医医院效率绩效的影响因素,比较不同类型社会办医效率影响因素的差异,为社会办医医院改善效率提供参考。方法:在前期对160家社会办医效率进行测算的基础上,通过问卷调查的形式获得医院的地区、性质、所有制形式、是否政府投入、是否医保单位、职工总数、床位、服务数量等信息为自变量,以总体效率为因变量,进行Tobit多元回归分析。结果:准入政策、投入政策、所有制形式、床位规模、医师数占比、人均服务量、资产设备等有显著性影响。结论:社会办医效率与宏观政策、经营模式和内部管理因素相关。     

药品集中采购政策改革试点效果评析——以福建省三明市为例

目的:分析三明市2012—2014年公立医院药品采购政策并评价其成效,为完善我国公立医院药品采购政策提供参考。方法:通过三明市卫生局官方网站、实地调研和问卷调查获取相关资料;运用政策链理论分析其政策形成过程,定量与定性评价药品采购、药品费用及公立医院运营变化。结果:(1)三明市药品集中采购政策具有三个阶段性特征:强化药品集中采购管理体系;取消药品加成、理顺医疗服务价格;建立药品集中采购、统一配送方案。(2)药品集中采购价格方面,药品及时回款,量价挂钩;同口径1 796个品规平均价格下降8%。(3)改革前2011年全市公立医院药占比为47%,改革后2012—2014年上半年分别为42%、31%和28%。(4)全市公立医院改革后2012—2014年门诊及入院人次年增幅介于4%~15%之间。结论:三明市通过"三医联动",基本建立起以医保机构为主体,"两票制"、"招采合一"为特色的公立医院药品采购政策体系;改革后公立医院运行平稳,在降低药品价格与控制药品费用方面取得了初步成效。     

河南省公立医院与民营医院三年发展情况对比分析

目的 对河南省公立医院与民营医院3年发展情况作对比分析,为河南省社会办医发展提出政策建议.方法 根据河南省卫生信息统计中心数据,利用Excel作描述性分析.结果 3年公立医院的机构数、执业(助理)医师数、诊疗人次数以及床位数所占比例呈现下降趋势,而民营医院所占比例则在这些指标上呈现上升趋势.结论 河南省控制公立医疗机构规模和数量,扶持民营医疗机构发展的政策正初现成效;新增民营医院发展态势良好,但公立医院的规模仍呈现扩大趋势;民营医院所提供卫生服务的利用率仍然有待提高.公立医院的机构数、执业(助理)医师、诊疗人次数、床位数指标的变化影响民营医院相应指标的增长.     

The "unexpected" growth of the private health sector in Greece

The article analyses the situation which exists in the private health sector in Greece, it presents data on the growth of the private sector and discusses the reasons for this phenomenon in relation to privatisation trends in other European countries. The growth of private health care in Greece in the last 10 years is evident despite governmental attempts to minimise its role through the development of the National Health System in 1983 and the legislative restrictions on the private sector. Private health expenditure has increased, reaching 3.9% of the country's GNP (43% of the total expenditure in health) in 2000. The number of private hospitals and hospital beds has decreased (hospitals decreased from 468 in 1990 to 218 in 2000 and private beds decreased from 25,075 in 1980 to 15,806 in 2000) mainly because of the reduction in the number of small private hospitals. On the other hand, private doctors and private diagnostic centres have significantly increased. This situation is believed to be attributed mainly to the provision of inadequate and low quality public health services which have caused widespread dissatisfaction among the general public, and factors associated to improved standards of living, as well as the rapid growth of private insurance.     

Private medicine and the privatisation of health care in South Africa

Health services in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) are provided by a mixture of public and private providers and institutions. Estimates of total health-related expenditure for 1985 range between 5.3% and 5.9% of gross national product (GNP), divided on approximately a 55:45 basis between public and private sectors. Basic preventive and curative services are provided by a hospital- and clinic-based public system. The public system does not adequately serve the rural areas and African tribal bantustans, and racial discrimination and/or segregation are obvious in its organisation and funding. The public sector's strength is the provision of state-subsidised care to many citizens who are unable to afford private medicine. The vast majority of hospitals are operated on a non-profit basis by government, industries, and voluntary agencies. Excluding hospitals that receive state subsidies, private investor-owned hospitals control about 10% of all hospital beds in the RSA. One-third of these investor-owned beds are held by state-dependent contractors providing long-term care. Two-thirds are wholly independent. Growth has been rapid in the independent hospital sector, and major corporations have entered the market. In 1985, over 85% of the white population was privately insured by a variety of prepayment programmes, including those organised through parastatal corporations and government departments. Despite major enrollment growth in the preceding decade, only 8% of blacks held private insurance by 1985; their coverage also tended to be less comprehensive. Faced with deficit financing, a sluggish economy, complaints from its white constituency about taxation levels, and pressure from private sector interest groups, the Nationalist government has endorsed the concept of privatisation of health care. Exponents of privatisation claim that it will permit differentiation by income to supplant discrimination by race. However, the direct links between disposable income and race, the rapidly rising costs of private insurance, and the still-limited extent of private coverage among the black majority, indicate that privatisation is likely to co-opt a comparatively small proportion of the total black population. It may exacerbate the urban-rural imbalance in health status and health services, promote growth of hospital-intensive curative services rather than needed expansion of community-centred preventive and primary care, and create financial barriers to access for low-income patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

澳大利亚私立医院的状况

澳大利亚医院的私有化进程开始于20世纪70年代末期.澳大利亚私立医院其机构数和床位数占全部医院的一半,功能上主要以日间医院为主;所治疗的病人以慢性病和择期病人为主,服务质量优于公立医院;对私立医院需求增长速度快于公立医院;私立医院的发展以集团化为主,走内涵发展的道路,服务的多样性和复杂程度不断提高,业务收入的增长主要是就诊人数的增加;医院的治理模式按公司的模式进行运作.     

Comparing public and private emergency departments in China: Early evidence from a national healthcare quality survey

The number of private healthcare facilities has rapidly increased since the progressive open market policies, which began in the 1980s; however, little is known about the development of private emergency departments (EDs). This cross-sectional study was part of the National Control Information System (NCIS) project, which collects data annually from hospitals across China. Emergency services data were extracted and included location, infrastructure, human resources, beds, and number of patients; 4529 hospitals across 31 provinces in mainland China were eventually included, consisting of 988 private and 3541 public EDs. Evidence shows that most private EDs are located in central China, where local economies are relatively developed. Most private EDs (91.6%) are found in secondary hospitals but have significantly fewer beds and smaller workforces compared with public EDs. An imbalance of emergency medical resources was observed across China, and this disparity becomes even more profound in rural hospitals. These findings may initiate collaborative, public-private partnerships in emergency health services provision and suggest there is a need to offer tax breaks to incentivize investors, but further research is required. We may also need to rethink health insurance policies, which could enable more equitable access to private emergency care. Future planning and health policies must be based upon the strongest available evidence, if we are to address imbalanced health services distribution and growing demand.     

Comparing public and private hospital care service quality

The study applies the principles behind the SERVQUAL model and uses Donabedian's framework to compare and contrast Malta's public and private hospital care service quality. Through the identification of 16 service quality indicators and the use of a Likert-type scale, two questionnaires were developed. The first questionnaire measured patient pre-admission expectations for public and private hospital service quality (in respect of one another). It also determined the weighted importance given to the different service quality indicators. The second questionnaire measured patient perceptions of provided service quality. Results showed that private hospitals are expected to offer a higher quality service, particularly in the "hotel services", but it was the public sector that was exceeding its patients' expectations by the wider margin. A number of implications for public and private hospital management and policy makers were identified.     

吉林省县级公立医院改革后“看病难、看病贵”现状研究

目的:通过吉林省县级公立医院财务数据分析和就诊患者问卷调查,了解县级公立医院全面改革后"看病难、看病贵"现状,为新医改政策制定提供依据。方法:根据医院HIS系统收集吉林省县级公立医院卫生费用数据,同时,对789名到县级公立医院就医的患者进行问卷调查。结果:2014—2016年,医院门急诊次均费用、次均住院费用、医院总收入、医院医疗收入、医院财政补贴收入、医院医保收入均逐年增加;药品收入占医院总收入比例、药品收入占医院医疗收入比例、患者个人自付费用占医院总收入比例、患者个人自付费用占医院医疗收入比例均逐年降低;8.4%的被调查患者认为"看病难",26.2%被调查者认为"看病贵",医保参保率达到96.7%,14.7%的被调查患者对医保报销比例表示不满意。结论:县级公立医院改革后,收入发生了结构性改变,患者"看病难"问题明显改善,"看病贵"问题仍有待进一步解决。     

浙江省民营医院的运行情况调查

目的:通过对浙江省民营医院运行情况的调查和研究,为政府制定卫生政策提供依据。方法:利用常规统计资料,对台州市的17家民营医院和31家公立医院的相关数据进行比较分析,并通过问卷调查,收集了300名居民对民营医疗服务的利用和评价。结果:多数民营医院规模小,整体实力不强,很难与公立医院竞争;民营医院重点提供住院服务,药品收入比例和人均住院费用明显低于公立医院;居民对民营医院的利用在15%左右,在服务态度等方面对民营医院的评价超过公立医院。结论:卫生行政部门要充分认识到民营医院的作用和目前的困境,创造一个公平有序的环境,积极引导其健康发展。     

贵州省县级民营医院经济运行现状分析

目的分析贵州省县级民营医院经济运行的情况,了解民营医院在贵州省的发展现状。方法通过简单随机抽样抽取贵州省具有医保定点资格的县级民营医院20个,同时将样本医院所在县的27个县级公立医院纳入对照研究,收集样本医院2014年的财务报表,通过比较分析法,分析贵州省县级民营医院在设施设备、财务收支、融资借贷、药占比、人员经费占比等方面的现状。结果民营医院拥有万元以上设备总价值为7 116万元,万元以上设备561台;民营医院收入结余2 368万元,占总收入的10.18%,收支构成经卡方检验,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;民营医院药占比43.52%;民营医院人员经费占业务支出比31.38%;有两家民营医院向金融机构借贷了200万元,民营医院病人累积欠费102万元,2014年欠费60万元,占2014年总收入的0.26%。结论民营医院经济运行尚可,在与公立医院的竞争中面临较大的压力,但在年度结余占比上仍然高于公立医院,财务控制较好。但是由于缺少政策支持,融资面临一定的困难,发展面临巨大的挑战。     

四川省医院市场结构的变化发展

利用2002—2017年四川省医院机构数据,从市场规模、市场份额和市场集中度方面分析医院市场结构的变化发展。结果:近年来医院数和床位数逐年上升,2002—2017年,医院总数从1 163所增长为2 219所,床位总数从118 593张增长为411 911张;医院数量的变化主要由一级公立医院的减少和一级民营医院增加引起。民营医院市场份额不断增加(2002—2017年床位、门诊服务、住院服务市场占比分别从3.71%、3.08%和3.12%增长为32.10%、17.78%和25.21%),但仍小于公立医院。医院市场竞争保持增大趋势,2017年约1.11%的医院市场处于完全竞争,11.11%垄断竞争,87.78%高度垄断。当前,公立医院继续主导医院市场,在新时代下,医疗供给侧改革的深化应仍然关注公立医院,同时尚有较大空间实施鼓励社会办医和促进竞争的相关政策。