脂质体包裹反义核酸对调控效果和降解时间的影响

目的观察脂质体Dotap包裹反义脱氧寡核苷酸对酪氨酸酶(TYR)的调控效果和降解时间的影响,寻找适合于临床应用的高效转染、低降解率的载体和应用方法.方法应用DNA合成仪合成针对TYR的反义脱氧寡核苷酸,32P标记、脂质体包埋,加入黑色素细胞培养体系进行点杂交,行黑素含量、酪氨酸酶mRNA表达量检测以及降解时间的同位素液闪检测.结果经脂质体包埋的反义脱氧寡核苷酸使细胞黑素含量由(64±2.3)pg/cell 下降至(23±1.5)pg/cell,并可使基因表达水平由160%降低至82%;同位素液闪显示经脂质体包埋的反义脱氧寡核苷酸能使其半衰期由8 h延长至12 h.结论脂质体可以明显增强反义核酸的调控效果,并可延长其作用半衰期.     

脂质体介导的99mTc标记c-myc mRNA反义寡核苷酸的反义作用效果的研究

目的探讨脂质体介导的99mTc标记癌基因c-myc mRNA的反义寡核苷酸能否抑制癌细胞的生长和癌蛋白的表达.方法合成15 bp的癌基因c-myc mRNA的反义、正义及无义寡核苷酸,用99mTc标记后(简称99mTc-DNA),一部分用脂质体包裹,以不同放射性强度的99mTc-DNA及脂质体包裹的99mTc-DNA转染细胞,于转染后不同时间测定细胞摄取率,在转染后18 h测定细胞返流比率,用四唑盐比色实验检测反义抑制细胞的生长状况,用流式细胞术测定癌蛋白的表达.结果在1～5 h内,细胞的摄取率随时间的延长而增加,脂质体包裹的99mTc-DNA的细胞摄取率明显高于未用脂质体包裹的99mTc-DNA.四唑盐比色实验,随着脂质体介导的99mTc-反义DNA剂量的增加,细胞数量逐渐减少,而正义、无义寡聚核苷酸组,细胞数量则没有减少的趋势.细胞的返流比率,反义、正义、无义寡核苷酸分别为39.51%、44.12%、63.92%.测定癌蛋白的荧光强度,反义寡核苷酸组2.9860±0.3733、正义寡核苷酸组4.2600±0.2218、无义寡核苷酸组5.2620±0.8562,反义寡聚核苷酸组的荧光强度明显低于正义和无义寡聚核苷酸组.结论脂质体介导的99mTc标记的反义寡核苷酸能抑制癌细胞的生长和癌蛋白的表达.     

脂质体介导Bcl-2反义脱氧寡核苷酸对人卵巢癌细胞作用的研究

目的 探讨bcl-2反义脱氧寡核苷酸体外转染卵巢癌细胞后,对癌细胞bcl-2基因表达调控作用、诱导其凋亡的作用以及对顺铂敏感性的影响.方法 体外培养顺铂耐药的人卵巢上皮性癌细胞系CAOV3,以阳离子脂质体为载体,将bcl-2反义脱氧寡核苷酸片断作用于CAOV3细胞.应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(BT-PCR)技术检测bcl-2基因的表达;流式细胞仪(FACS)检测转染后CAOV3细胞调亡的变化;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色试验检测转染后CAOV3细胞对顺铂敏感性的影响.结果 脂质体介导的bcl-2反义脱氧寡核苷酸作用于CAOV3细胞后,bcl-2基因mRNA 表达水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01),并可诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡,增强卵巢癌细胞对顺铂的敏感性.结论 脂质体介导的bcl-2反义脱氧寡核苷酸作用于CAOV3细胞,可下调bcl-2基因的表达,诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡,并增强CAOV3细胞对顺铂的敏感性.     

Survivin反义寡核苷酸对肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖的影响

目的:应用反义寡核苷酸技术研究凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin反义寡核苷酸对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响。方法:根据Survivin序列合成其反义寡核苷酸序列(Survivin-ASODN)。培养肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,用荧光素标记的Survivin-ASODN转染,并设立空白对照、空脂质体对照及正义寡核苷酸(SODN)对照组;用PCR方法检测Survivin基因表达水平;通过MTT方法分析Survivin-ASODN转染对肝癌细胞增殖的影响。结果:荧光素标记的Survivin-ASODN在SMMC-7721细胞中的转染率达到60%以上。SMMC-7721细胞分别用100、200、300、400和600nmol·L1ASODN转染后,Survivin基因表达水平下降,细胞增殖抑制率24h时分别为(3.87±1.67)%、(9.21±2.21)%、(15.21±3.18)%、(21.32±3.43)%和(32.62±3.74)%,而300nmol·L1ASODN组48h时细胞生长抑制率为(29.21±4.12)%,72h时抑制率为(44.21±3.32)%;ASODN转染组细胞增殖抑制率与空白对照组、空脂质体组及SODN组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Survivin-ASODN对细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈现剂量依赖性;并且随着作用时间的延长,其抑制效果增强。     

Survivin反义核酸协同紫杉醇的体外及大鼠体内抗肿瘤作用

目的研究转染生存蛋白survivin反义寡核苷酸的抗肿瘤作用,对大鼠胃癌模型形成的干预作用、机制及是否与紫杉醇间有协同作用。方法在脂质体介导下进行survivin反义寡核苷酸的体外转染,以WesternBlot检测survivin蛋白表达,以MTT法检测转染survivin反义寡核苷酸及联合紫杉醇对胃癌BGC823细胞生长增殖的影响;以高盐饲料和甲基硝基二硝基胍(MNNG)诱导大鼠发生胃癌,造模中期分别腹腔注射脂质体包裹的survivin反义寡核苷酸、紫杉醇或两者联用,检测造模结束时各组大鼠胃癌的发生率、肿瘤组织中Brdu标记率及凋亡指数。结果Survivin反义寡核苷酸能明显抑制survivin蛋白表达,并抑制BGC823细胞的生长,其IC50约350nmol/L;survivin反义寡核苷酸与紫杉醇联合能显著降低其IC50值,起到协同抗肿瘤作用。造模结束时对照组(C)、紫杉醇组(T)、反义寡核苷酸组(A)、反义寡核苷酸联合紫杉醇组(AT)胃腺癌发生率分别为90%、78.6%、73.3%和50%,AT组的胃癌发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),两个单独治疗组胃癌发生率均低于对照组,但无统计学差异(P>0.05);AT组胃癌的BrdU标记率(10.2±4.7)显著低于对照组(18.7±5.5,P<0.05)及T、A两个单独治疗组(分别为16.0±5.8和15.4±5.2,P<0.05);AT组胃癌的凋亡率(1.71±0.41)显著高于对照组(0.91±0.14,P<0.01)及T、A单独治疗组(1.19±0.42、1.29±0.43,P<0.05)。结论Survivin反义寡核苷酸能抑制BGC823细胞生长,与紫杉醇有协同抗肿瘤作用;腹腔注射survivin反义寡核苷酸与紫杉醇能协同抑制胃癌形成,与促进凋亡和抑制细胞增殖有关。Survivin是抗肿瘤基因治疗的良好靶点。     

舒马曲坦诱发大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖作用及机制

目的:研究舒马曲坦诱发大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的作用及其细胞内信号转导通路机制。方法:应用细胞培养、基因转染等方法,通过MTT及流式细胞仪等检测舒马曲坦及ERK1/2的反义寡核苷酸对肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖及细胞周期的影响。结果:舒马曲坦明显促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖。脂质体成功介导了寡核苷酸在肺动脉平滑肌细胞的转染。反义寡核苷酸明显抑制舒马曲坦诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖,增殖率由(164.67±6.67)%降至(76.67±10.17)%,SPF指数由(11.67±0.33)%降至(3.33±0.33)%,增殖指数由(27.33±0.33)%降至(22.00±0.58)%(P均<0.01),正义和随机寡核苷酸对舒马曲坦诱导的肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖则无抑制作用。结论:舒马曲坦通过5-HT1B受体促进大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的有丝分裂,其细胞内信号转导途径为ERK1/2 MAPK通路。     

正常人黑素细胞MITF对酪氨酸酶相关蛋白的转录调控研究

目的 研究正常人黑素细胞小眼畸形相关转录因子(MITF)对与黑素生成密切相关的酪氨酸酶相关蛋白(TRPs)家族的转录调控.方法 应用小RNA干扰技术(慢病毒感染),对培养的原代正常人黑素细胞进行MITF基因沉默,然后应用实时定量PCR和免疫印迹方法,分别检测MITF基因沉默前后,MITF、酪氨酸酶(TYR)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TYRP1)和酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(TYRP2)的基因与蛋白表达水平.结果 正常人黑素细胞具有显著表达的MITF、TYR、TYRP1和TYRP2; MITF基因沉默后,MITF、TYR和TYRP1的基因表达水平分别下降2倍(P =0.001)、1.5倍(P=0.05)和5倍(P =0.005),TYRP2的表达水平上调3倍(P =0.004);而MITF基因沉默后的MITF、TYR、TYRP1的蛋白表达也显著下降,TYRP2蛋白显著升高.结论 黑素细胞TRPs家族与MITF转录调控密切相关,TYRP2可能存在不依赖于MITF的转录调控.     

Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡的促进作用

目的通过体外试验,研究Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡的促进作用。方法NCI-H446肺癌细胞株分5组,分别为空白对照、单纯照射组、脂质体加照射组、无义序列加照射组、反义寡核苷酸加照射组。培养至6h、12h、24h、48h和72h,分别收集各组细胞,瑞吉染色做细胞形态学分析,应用RT-PCR半定量测定p53、Bcl-2和PTEN基因的mRNA表达,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞DNA倍体,分析细胞凋亡指数。结果Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸联合照射后p53和PTEN表达明显增加,Bcl-2mRNA表达则明显降低。流式细胞仪检测照射后72h空白对照组、照射组、脂质体加照射组、无义序列加照射组、反义寡核苷酸加照射组凋亡率分别为0.14±0.09,13.17±2.47,11.84±1.76,13.72±1.4,21.26±2.97,反义寡核苷酸加照射组与其余4组比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论Bcl-2反义寡核苷酸对放射治疗诱导肺癌细胞凋亡有促进作用;细胞凋亡受p53和Bcl-2基因调控,p53基因的表达促进了细胞的凋亡,而Bcl-2基因的高表达抑制细胞的凋亡,PETN的表达与凋亡也有相关性。     

反义寡聚核苷酸治疗支气管哮喘的实验研究

目的探讨反义寡聚核苷酸治疗支气管哮喘的可能性及效果。方法根据小鼠IL-5cDNA序列设计合成反义寡聚核苷酸片段,用T4噬菌体多核苷酸激酶标记反义寡聚核苷酸的5′端,观察硬脂胺(SA)脂质体对反义寡聚核苷酸的转染效率的影响。用卵蛋白和氢氧化铝复制哮喘模型。用聚酰纤维分离小鼠脾T淋巴细胞进行体外培养并导入由阳离子脂质体携带的不同浓度的反义寡聚核苷酸,观察其对T淋巴细胞合成IL-5的影响。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定细胞培养上清液中IL-5浓度。结果SA脂质体能显著提高反义寡聚核苷酸的转染效率,1∶15m/m(反义寡聚核苷酸和SA脂质体质量比)时转染效率最佳,提高反义寡聚核苷酸转染效率12倍。未经卵蛋白刺激的正常鼠和哮喘鼠T淋巴细胞培养上清液中未测到IL-5,经卵蛋白刺激后,T淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-5含量明显增高。导入不同浓度的反义寡聚核苷酸(10、20及30μmol/L)后,脾T淋巴细胞合成IL-5明显降低,细胞培养上清液中IL-5含量由(44.60±6.23)pg/ml分别降低到(30.70±7.362)、(17.20±6.181)和(8.16±2.34)pg/ml,抑制IL-5合成百分率分别为31.17%、61.43%和81.7%。结论反义寡聚核苷酸可明显抑制IL-5的合成,且呈明显的量效关系。支持其通过抑制致敏小鼠T淋巴细胞IL-5的转录而抑制其合成,为反义基因治疗哮喘提供了依据     

125I偶联反义寡核苷酸抑制人肾癌细胞系生长及Ki-67基因表达

目的　探讨Ki- 6 7基因翻译起始区反义寡核苷酸偶联12 5I对人肾癌细胞Ki- 6 7基因表达和细胞生长的影响。方法　人工合成反义寡核苷酸 ,氯胺 -T法偶联12 5I,脂质体包装后转染肾癌 786 - 0系细胞 ,采用免疫组化法、MTT法和原位末端标记法 (TUNEL)研究肾癌细胞Ki- 6 7抗原的表达、细胞增殖抑制和凋亡情况。结果　经免疫组化检测发现Ki- 6 7抗原表达下降至 ( 19.3± 1.0 ) % ,MTT法表明细胞抑制率达 ( 33.3± 3.5 ) % ,TUNEL法显示细胞凋亡达 ( 2 9.1± 0 .6 ) %。结论　12 5I偶联反义寡核苷酸能阻止人肾癌Ki- 6 7基因的表达 ,抑制细胞生长 ,并诱导细胞凋亡     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.