河南食管癌高发区同卵双胞胎食管黏膜组织病理学研究

[目的]分析河南食管癌高发区同卵双胞胎食管黏膜活检组织病理结果,进一步阐述遗传和环境因素对食管癌发生发展的影响。[方法]对双胞胎进行问卷调查,血型检查,并对其中112对自愿接受内镜检查者进行食管黏膜活检和组织病理学检查。[结果]接受内镜检查的112对双胞胎中,共检出食管鳞癌8对,其中双胞胎两人均患癌有4对,一致率为50%。食管不典型增生10对,其中双胞胎两人均为不典型增生1对,一致率为10%。[结论]遗传和环境因素在食管癌发生发展中均起重要作用。     

家族史阳性和阴性食管癌患者癌组织中FHIT和BRCA2及MLH1的表达变化

目的:探讨FHIT、BRCA2及MLH1在河南食管癌高发区家族史阳、阴性食管癌患者癌组织中的表达变化,及其与食管癌遗传易感性之间的关系。方法:采用ABC法检测河南省食管癌高发区林州市74例食管癌患者(其中33例家族史阳性,41例家族史阴性)手术切除标本癌组织FHIT、BRCA2及MLH1蛋白表达情况。结果:FHIT[56%(18/33)]、BRCA2[67%(22/33)]和MLH1[73%(24/33)]在家族史阳性食管癌患者癌组织中阴性表达率,显著高于家族史阴性食管癌患者[27%(11/41)、37%(15/44)和27%(16/41)],P值均<0·05。结论:FHIT、BRCA2和MLH1蛋白可能是影响食管癌遗传易感性的重要分子事件之一。     

食管癌高/低发区食管癌、贲门癌及胃癌检出率比较

[目的]比较食管癌高/低发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌检出率,进一步了解遗传和环境因素对食管和贲门癌变的影响。[方法]选择食管癌高发区河北磁县及河南安阳市肿瘤医院就诊患者6864例,低发区河南濮阳市人民医院就诊患者6682例,所有患者均行电子胃镜检查,分析各疾病的检出情况。[结果]高发区食管癌、贲门癌和胃癌分别检出1294例、520例和43例,低发区分别检出482例、165例和146例。高/低发区男性食管癌检出率均高于女性。且高发区食管癌、贲门癌、胃癌的家族史阳性率均显著性高于低发区（P均〈0.05）。[结论]食管癌的发生是环境因素与遗传因素相互作用的结果,探讨高/低发区致癌因素的差异,可为食管及贲门病变的发病机制及预防提供依据。     

河南省食管癌高发区食管癌组织SCCA1蛋白的表达

目的 探讨河南食管癌高发区居民食管癌组织中SCCA1蛋白表达的变化特征及其意义.方法 采用常规组织病理学方法和免疫组织化学(ABC)法,检测河南食管癌高发区居民食管癌组织中SCCA1蛋白的表达状况.结果 在30例食管癌组织SCCA1蛋白表达阳性17例(17/30,57%);淋巴结转移阳性组SCCA1免疫组化阳性组(13/22,59%)高于阴性组(4/8,50%),但无相关性(P＞0.05);与细胞分化关系:高分化组SCCA1阳性表达(6/9,66%)高于中、低分化组(11/17,65%;0/4,0%),差异明显(P＜0.05);与TNM分期关系:SCCA1阳性表达与Ⅰ期(2/3,66%)、Ⅱa期(2/3,66%)、Ⅱb期(3/6,50%)、Ⅲ期(6/12,50%)、Ⅳ期(4/6,66%)均无相关性(P＞0.05).在30例癌旁配对正常组织中未发现SCCA1蛋白表达,与癌组织中SCCA1蛋白表达差异明显(P＜0.05).结论 SCCA1蛋白阳性表达与食管癌的细胞分化程度密切相关,SCCA1蛋白阳性表达可作为食管癌患者预后判断的标志之一.     

河南省1974～1999年居民食管癌流行趋势分析

目的 :研究河南人口常见恶性肿瘤食管癌流行特征。方法 :利用河南省 1974～ 1976年全人口死亡回顾调查资料和 1983～ 1999年 1/10人口 (15市县 )居民死亡登记报告资料以及林州肿瘤高发现场资料 ,按《居民病伤死因统计》的统计方法 ,分析食管癌发病率死亡率动态特征并对未来趋势进行预测。结果 :近 2 6年来 ,河南居民食管癌死亡率呈下降趋势 ,林州高发现场食管癌发病率和死亡率也在缓慢下降。结论 :河南居民食管癌死亡率以及林州高发现场的发病率和死亡率都呈下降趋势。建立以人群为基础的癌症登记报告系统 ,对于了解和掌握恶性肿瘤流行动态及进行肿瘤控制都是非常必要的。     

NQO1基因多态性与客家人群食管癌易感性关系的探讨

目的:通过对醌氧化还原酶（NQO1）基因多态性与客家人群食管癌遗传易感性关系的研究,探讨遗传因素在该人群食管癌发病中的作用。方法:采取病例-对照分子流行病的研究方法,选择经病理检查确诊后的梅州地区客家人群122例食管癌患者(食管癌组)和同时期123例正常对照人群（正常对照组）,对NQO1基因rs1800566、rs10517、rs1437135共3个位点进行基因型及等位基因检测,分析其在两组间的分布特征。结果:NQO1基因3个位点在梅州地区客家人群中均存在多态性的改变,但两组的基因型和等位基因分布频率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经性别、年龄分层分析结果显示也无显著性差异。同时对影响食管癌发生的多种因素研究显示,吸烟、饮酒、经常食用腌制食品、喜热烫饮食以及有消化道肿瘤家族史与食管癌发病呈正相关,其中,有消化道肿瘤家族史可能是该地区人群发生食管癌的最危险因素。结论:NQO1基因rs1800566、rs10517和rs1437135位点多态性可能与客家人群食管癌的易感性无关,而环境因素中饮酒、吸烟、常食腌制食品等可能是该地区食管癌发病的危险因素。     

河北省磁县食管癌贲门癌的遗传度及易感因素研究

目的:探讨磁县食管癌（含贲门癌）家庭聚集性及遗传因素在磁县食管癌病因中的作用,计算食管癌分离比及一级亲属遗传度。方法:采用病例-对照研究的方法,逐例入户调查了285 例食管癌的新发病例及1 415 例对照者的一级亲属食管癌患病及家族史等情况,比较其食管癌的患病率。用二项分布拟合优度χ2检验食管癌家庭聚集性;单病例法（Li-Mantel-Gart）计算分离比;Falconer 法计算遗传度。结果:食管癌先证者一级亲属发生率（12.80%）,高于对照者一级亲属发生率（7.52%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=44.34,P=0.000）。 食管癌在家族中分布不符合二项分布,呈现明显的家族聚集性（χ2=288.19,P<0.0001）。 食管癌遗传度为（29.67± 4.32）% ,分离比0.181（95% CI:0.157～0.205）,可认为属于多基因遗传病。结论:磁县食管癌是遗传因素和环境因素共同作用的结果,食管癌家族史增加食管癌发病风险。      

河南林州食管癌高发区反流性食管炎调查

目的 探讨河南食管癌高发区林州居民反流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis,RE)的流行特征,加深对食管癌变机理的了解.方法 采用统一RE问卷对河南省食管癌高发区508人进行逐一问卷调查.根据反流性食管炎的症状评分,≥12分为阳性诊断标准.结果 RE评分≥12分者28人(6%):女性RE检出率(4%,20/508)明显高于男性(2%,8/508)(P＜0.05).结论 女性RE发生率明显高于男性,与食管癌男性明显高于女性的性别分布相反,也明显低于西方国家RE发生率,提示可能RE与食管腺癌关系较与食管鳞癌关系密切.     

遗传因素在豫北地区食管癌中的作用分析

目的:分析比较豫北地区食管癌病人家族遗传方面的差异，探讨遗传因素在食管癌中的作用，为食管癌的预防和治疗提供依据。方法:分析2016年1月至2017年3月我院400例食管癌病例，比较豫北地区食管癌遗传度与全国其他高发区遗传度的差异，以及豫北地区有食管癌家族史的病人与无家族史的病人发病年龄、病理分期的差异。结果:有食管癌家族史的病人较无家族史病人普遍发病年龄偏早，恶性程度偏高，预后相对较差。结论:有食管癌家族史的人应列为高危人群，重点监测，定期检查，尽早采取干预措施，减少食管癌的发生。     

高发区食管贲门癌前病变患病与食管癌家族遗传分析

 目的　探讨食管贲门癌前病变与食管癌家族遗传的患病关系。方法　选择食管癌高发区 2 0 13例胃镜普查人群为分析资料 ,分别计算食管贲门癌前病变与食管癌家族遗传阳性人群和阴性人群的患病危险度 (RR1)和特异危险度 (AR1) ;以及食管贲门癌前病变与食管癌家族遗传 1级亲属和 2级亲属的RR2 和AR2 。结果　RR1=1.38,95 %CI (1.11～ 1.72 ) ,AR1=2 7.5 % ;RR2 =1.76 ,95 %CI (1.0 0～3.12 ) ,AR2 =4 3.2 %。结论　食管贲门癌家族遗传阳性人群 ,食管癌前病变患病危险度高 ,特别是遗传1级亲属。     

外泌体在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

外泌体是细胞经过"内吞-融合-外排"等一系列调控过程而形成的细胞外纳米级小囊泡。外泌体可以携带蛋白,运送RNA,在细胞间物质和信息转导中起重要作用。外泌体可能通过调控免疫功能,促进肿瘤血管新生和肿瘤转移,以及直接作用于肿瘤细胞等途径,影响肿瘤的进展。外泌体可应用于肿瘤的诊断。本文总结了近年来有关外泌体在肿瘤发展中作用的研究进展。     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean − 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 μg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 μg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35 ± 0.04 to 0.14 ± 0.02 mm²/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2 ± 1.8 mm² as compared with 41.8 ± 4.2 mm² in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7 ± 0.1 mm as compared with 1.5 ± 0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19 ± 0.02 in controls to 0.03 ± 0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31 ± 0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07 ± 0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29 ± 0.03 to 0.05 ± 0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 29 June 1998     

重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)是一种广谱的抗血管生成分子靶向药物,主要循证证据为联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC).近年来,重组人血管内皮抑制素用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤的研究逐渐增多,并取得了较好的疗效.此外,有关重组人血管内皮抑制素联合治疗手段、给药途径、给药方法的研究逐渐开展,有利于其合理应用.     

Effect of trauma of implantation of metastatic tumor in bone in mice

We studied the influence of surgical trauma to the iliac bone on the implantation of I. V. injected tumor cells, which formed tumor in the surgical wounds of 27/84 mice (32%). None of these mice or nonsurgical mice developed tumor in the opposite or uninjured pelvic bone (P < 0.0001). When different numbers (10⁵, 5 × 10⁵, and 10 × 10⁵) of TA3Ha cells were injected I. V. immediately after surgery, the frequency of tumor formation showed an increase (respectively, 32%, 63%, 71%). As the interval between induction of trauma and tumor cell injection was increased from 0 to 15 days, the frequency of tumor formation declined from 32% to 0%. These results suggest that the healing wound is a privileged site for experimental metastasis, particularly in the early stages. It is likely that the proteins in the blood clotting cascade are involved in local tumor implantation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

胶质瘤中微RNA研究进展

微RNA(microRNA,miR)可在转录后水平负调控靶基因表达,miR异常表达与肿瘤生成密切相关.对胶质瘤中多个miR异常表达及其机制的研究将对进一步探讨胶质瘤的分子病理及其诊治开拓新途径.     

Evaluation of the antitumoral effect of dihydrocucurbitacin-B in both in vitro and in vivo models

Aims  We evaluated both in vitro and in vivo antitumoral properties of an isolated compound from Wilbrandia ebracteata, dihydrocucurbitacin-B (DHCB), using B16F10 cells (murine melanoma). Materials and methods  We made use of MTT and ³H-Thymidine assays to investigate the cell viability and cell proliferation, flow cytometry analysis to monitor cell cycle and apoptosis, western blot analysis to evaluate the expression of cell cycle proteins, imunofluorescence analysis and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis. Results  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B significantly reduced cell proliferation without important effects on cells viability. DHCB lead cells to accumulate in G2/M phases accompanied by the appearance of polyploid cells, confirmed by fluorescence assays that demonstrated a remarkable alteration in the cell cytoskeleton and formation of binuclear cells. Annexin-V-FITC incorporation demonstrated that DHCB did not induce apoptosis. About 10 μg/mL DHCB was found to decrease cyclin-A, and especially in cyclin-B1. The in vivo experiments showed that DHCB treatment (once a day up to 12 days; p.o.) was able to reduce the tumor growth and lung metastasis up to 83.5 and 50.3%, respectively. Conclusions  Dihydrocucurbitacin-B reduces cell proliferation due to a decrease in the expression of cyclins, mainly cyclin-B1 and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, arresting B16F10 cells in G2/M phase. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that DHCB was effective against cancer, however, it remains to be proved if DHCB will be a good candidate for drug development.     

中国乳腺癌患者生活质量研究进展

生活质量（qualityoflife,QOL）又译作生命质量、生存质量,它是在世界卫生组织提倡的健康新概念“人们在躯体上、精神上及社会生活中处于一种完好的状态,而不仅仅是没有患病和衰弱”的基础上构建的,是医学模式由生物医学模式向生物一心理一社会医学模式转变的体现。西方发达国家已将此概念广泛应用于临床试验、卫生政策制定和卫生资源效益评价等众多领域。生存质量已作为评价肿瘤患者术后状况的首选指标。     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中DAPK表达的研究

[目的]探讨DAPK基因与新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系。[方法]选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测DAPK蛋白表达;为了进一步验证DAPK蛋白表达水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测正常或炎症的宫颈组织10例、CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ15例、宫颈鳞癌组织20例中mRNA的表达。[结果]DAPK的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为93.3%、83.3%、60.0%、33.3%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）;四组mRNA的表达率分别为90.0%、90.0%、46.7%、10.0%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）。宫颈组织中DAPK在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均和宫颈病变程度成负关（P〈0.05）。[结论]新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中DAPK蛋白和mRNA水平均随病变程度加深而减少;DAPK蛋白检测可能为宫颈癌的早期诊断提供依据。