二维斑点追踪显像评价急性肺栓塞患者室间隔心肌功能改变

目的 应用二维斑点追踪显像(2D-STI)评价急性肺栓塞(APE)患者室间隔心肌功能改变.方法 APE患者38例,正常对照组38例.获取心尖四腔观,记录常规二维超声测量值,2D-STI测量并比较两组室间隔收缩期峰值应变(S)、收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)、舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)、舒张早/晚期峰值应变率比值(SRe/SRa).结果 APE患者室间隔S、SRs、SRe、SRe/SRa均较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 APE患者室间隔心肌收缩及舒张功能均下降.APE患者右心室功能与室间隔密切相关.2D-STI是评价APE患者室间隔心肌功能改变的一种新方法.     

常规超声心动图与斑点追踪技术评价不同透析方式对左心室功能的影响

目的采用常规超声心动图与超声斑点追踪技术(STI)探讨常规血液透析(HD)、高通量血液透析(HFHD)改善尿毒症患者左心室收缩及舒张功能的异同。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年2月在济南军区总医院87例尿毒症患者资料,随机分为两组:常规血液透析组(HD组,50例),高通量血液透析组(HFHD组,37例)。分别于治疗前及治疗6个月后,应用常规超声检测两组患者的左心室射血分数(LVEF),二尖瓣E峰、A峰比值(E/A),STI检测左心室乳头肌水平各室壁收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)、舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)、舒张晚期峰值应变率(SRa)的平均值(m SRs、m SRe、m SRa)。统计学处理采用非配对t检验。结果治疗6个月后,CHD组LVEF、E/A、m SRs、m SRe、m SRa、m SRe/m SRa分别为9.6±0.71、13.5±2.04、14.1±3.25、22.5±5.67、1.2±0.22、18.8±2.03;HFHD组分别为13.4±3.20、18.5±3.39、19.1±4.92、32.8±7.34、1.3±0.35、25.6±5.70。两组间比较,LVEF、E/A、m SRs、m SRe变化率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组组内比较,LVEF与E/A、m SRs与m SRe/m SRa以及LVEF与m SRs、E/A与m SRe/m SRa的变化率差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血液透析对尿毒症患者左心室收缩功能改善程度低于舒张功能改善程度;HFHD较HD能更好的改善左心室收缩及舒张功能;STI是一种早期、敏感地评价尿毒症患者左心室功能变化的方法。     

通心络胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌和微血管的保护作用研究

目的探讨通心络胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心肌和微血管的保护作用。方法选取2013年6月—2015年3月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院成功行PCI术的急性心肌梗死患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组患者采用常规药物治疗,观察组患者在常规药物治疗基础上加用通心络胶囊。治疗12个月后比较两组患者心肌功能及微血管功能。结果观察组患者术后左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)高于对照组(P0.05);不同时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二者间存在交互作用,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者术后室壁节段运动评分指数(WMSI)低于对照组(P0.05);不同时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二者间存在交互作用,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。静息状态下两组患者血管内径和血流速度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);充血加压后观察组患者血管直径大于对照组(P0.05);含服硝酸甘油后观察组患者血管直径大于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者术后血清丙二醛(MOA)水平低于对照组,血清一氧化氮(NO)水平高于对照组(P0.05);不同时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),二者间存在交互作用,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通心络胶囊对急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心肌和微血管具有较好的保护作用,有利于促进患者术后恢复。     

重组人脑利钠肽对急性心肌梗死病人PCI术后心肌灌注的影响

目的探讨重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)对急性心肌梗死病人PCI术后心肌灌注的影响。方法选取2013年5月—2016年10月急性心肌梗死病人90例,根据随机法分为rhBNP组和对照组,所有病人行冠脉介入(PCI)术,rhBNP组术前给予静脉输注rhBNP,对照组术前给予硝酸甘油,比较两组病人临床疗效、心肌酶、心肌梗死溶栓血流分级(TIMI)分级和梗死面积。结果两组病人心肌酶峰值比较,rhBNP组术后3 d肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)峰值均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);rhBNP组病人心肌梗死面积显著小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 rhBNP能减少急性心肌梗死病人PCI术后心肌损伤,改善心肌灌注和减少心肌梗死面积。     

直接PCI联合参麦注射液对急性前壁心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠肽、醛固酮水平和左心室重构的影响

目的：探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗联合静脉应用参麦注射液对急性前壁心肌梗死患者血浆醛固酮（ALD）、B型脑钠肽（BNP）水平和左心室重构的影响。方法将38例ST段抬高急性前壁心肌梗死行直接PCI患者分为两组：实验组（n=19）和对照组（n=19）。实验组在基础药物治疗基础上,于直接PCI术后予以静脉滴注参麦注射液（50mg/d）;对照组单给予基础药物治疗。两组患者于PCI术前、治疗2周、24周后分别抽血检测血浆ALD和BNP,治疗2周、24周后分别行超声心动描记术检测左心室重量（LVM）和室壁运动指数（WMSI）。结果两组患者在治疗2周时实验组ALD、BNP低于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;治疗24周时实验组ALD、BNP、WMSI显著低于对照组（均P＜0.01）,LVEF显著高于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论急性前壁心肌梗直接PCI术后应用参麦注射液有利于改善左心室功能。     

实时三平面应变率成像评价高血压合并冠心病患者左心房功能的价值

目的探讨实时三平面应变率成像评价高血压合并冠心病患者左心房功能的价值。方法选择24例原发性高血压患者（A组）、22例原发性高血压合并冠心病患者（B组）、30例健康志愿者（C组）,采用多功能彩色多普勒超声诊断仪行实时三平面应变率成像,获得左心房前壁、侧壁、后壁、下壁的应变率曲线,测量收缩期峰值应变率（SRs）、舒张早期峰值应变率（SRe）和心房收缩期峰值应变率（SRa）。结果 A、B组的SRs、SRe均低于C组（P〈0.05或〈0.01）,而SRa高于C组（P均〈0.05）。A组的SRs、SRe低于B组（P〈0.01）,SRa高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论实时三平面应变率成像可反映左心房功能的变化,并能反映其受损程度。     

黄蛭口服液对急性心肌梗死病人经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌血流灌注及心功能的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前、术后使用黄蛭口服液治疗对心肌血流灌注及心功能的影响。方法选取2017年1月—2019年1月中山市中医院收治的行急诊PCI术的急性心肌梗死病人100例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组50例。所有病人在急诊PCI术前均口服肠溶阿司匹林300 mg、替格瑞洛180 mg及他汀类药物。治疗组在此基础上术前30 min以及术后加用黄蛭口服液,疗程为1个月。比较两组病人术前与术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级,TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)3级占比,术后ST段回落率(STR)≥50%占比,术前与术后1周室壁运动积分指数(WMSI)和左心室射血分数(LVEF),术中无复流现象(NRP)发生率以及术后30 d内主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果两组术前TIMI血流分级、TMPG 3级占比、WMSI及LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后TIMI血流分级、TMPG 3级占比及STR≥50%占比比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后WMSI、LVEF比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组PCI术后30 d MACE发生率分别为24.0%、38.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组术中NRP发生率分别为10.0%、16.0%,治疗组术中NRP发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PCI术前、术后使用黄蛭口服液治疗可改善急性心肌梗死病人TIMI血流分级及心功能,降低术后无复流现象发生率。     

探讨重组人脑利钠肽对行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的前壁心肌梗死患者左室功能的影响

目的探究分析重组人脑利钠肽(rh BNP)对行急诊冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的前壁心肌梗死患者左室功能的影响。方法选取2015年2月~2016年1月我院接受急诊PCI治疗前壁心肌梗死患者48例为研究对象,将其平均分为观察组与对照组,各24例。对照组术后用常规药物治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上静脉推注rh BNP用药,比较两组用药后对左室功能的影响以及不良反应情况。结果观察治疗前后的LVEF、LVEDD、LAD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组治疗前后LVEDD、LAD比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而对照组治疗前后LVEF对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);用药后观察组LVEF、LVEDD与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组住院期间MACE以及药物不良反应情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性前壁心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后用rh BNP可有效改善左室功能,疗效安全可靠,值得广泛应用。     

血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内替罗非班对STEMI患者PCI治疗后心功能及短期预后的影响

目的评价血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内替罗非班对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardialinfarction,STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后心功能及短期预后的影响。方法选取2014年6月至12月在赤峰市医院接受PCI治疗的STEMI患者108例,按随机数字表法随机分为血栓抽吸+冠状动脉内替罗非班组(试验组)和单纯血栓抽吸组(对照组),比较两组PCI治疗后心功能及临床预后。结果试验组PCI治疗后即时心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流3级灌注比例显著高于对照组(P0.05);无复流/慢血流(TIMI≤2级和0~1级)比例低于对照组(P0.05);TIMI心肌灌注(TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP)3级比例高于对照组(P0.05),而TMP 0~1级和2级比例则显著低于对照组(P0.05);校正的TIMI计帧数(corrected TIMI flame counts,CTFC)、手术总时间均低于对照组(P0.05);而术后2 h 50%ST段恢复比例高于对照组(P0.05),差异均有统计学意义;两组术中药物洗脱支架使用比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。住院期间试验组肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme MB,CK-MB)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,c Tn I)和高敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)峰值浓度均显著低于对照组,而且CK-MB、c Tn I、hs-CRP达峰时间小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。住院期间两组均无心肌内出血患者,再次心肌梗死发生率及病死率组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCI治疗后1周两组左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(left ventricularend-diastolic volume index,LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index,LVESVI)和室壁运动积分指数(wall motion score index,WMSI)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月试验组LVEF高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而WMSI低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);其他指标两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访1个月和6个月,试验组和对照组主要心血管事件(major adversecardiovascular event,MACE)发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cox回归分析结果表明,年龄、TIMI分级、TMP分级、CK-MB、hs-CRP、c Tn I、手术总时间及LVEF为MACE的危险因素(P0.05)。结论血栓抽吸联合替罗非班能降低急性心肌梗死患者PCI治疗过程中血栓负荷,提高血管再通率和心肌灌注,改善心功能。     

应变率成像评价扩张型心肌病左室局部心肌收缩和舒张功能

目的 应用应变率成像(SRI)技术评价扩张型心肌病(DCM)患者左心室局部心肌长轴方向收缩和舒张功能.方法 获取18例DCM患者和40例正常对照组心尖左室长轴、心尖两腔、心尖四腔的心肌应变率曲线,测量并比较两组各室壁各节段水平的收缩期、舒张早期、舒张晚期的峰值应变率(SRs、SRe、SRa).测量左室射血分数(LVEF)和二尖瓣口血流的E峰、A峰.结果 DCM组各节段水平的SRs、SRe、SRa明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 SRI技术能准确可靠地评价DCM患者左室局部心肌收缩和舒张功能.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.