社会心态量表测评中国大学生群体的效度和信度检验

目的:对社会心态量表(SMS)进行中文版修订,检验其在中国大学生群体中的效度和信度。方法:选取690名大学生初测,进行SMS条目分析、平行分析和探索性因子分析;正式调查抽取1179名大学生对SMS进行验证性因子分析与信度分析,受测者同时完成中国大五人格问卷简式版(CBF-PI-B)、一般归属感量表(GBS)检验效标关联效度。结果:探索性因子分析得到不安全感、亲社会性、竞争性、归属感、性倾向、游戏性6个因子,修订后49个条目SMS的累计方差贡献率为45.85%;验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好(χ²/df=4.10,CFI=0.95,TLI=0.93,GFI=0.95,AGFI=0.93,NFI=0.93,IFI=0.95,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.05),再次修订后48个条目SMS的累计方差贡献率为47.30%;中文修订版SMS各指标与效标得分的相关系数0.11～0.69(P<0.001); 6个分量表的Cronbach α系数0.65～0.89,分半信度0.64～0.90。结论:修订后的中文版SMS测量大学生的社会心态显示有良好的效度和信度。     

中文版青少年自我超越量表的效度和信度

目的:修订英文版青少年自我超越量表,并对量表效度和信度进行分析与评价。方法:选取高中生888例(男生552例,女生336例),随机分成两部分(样本1,样本2),样本1进行条目分析与探索性因子分析,样本2作验证性因子分析与效标关联效度分析。以幸福感指数量表,中学生希望特质量表为效标工具测量其效标关联效度。两周后选取某一班级41例学生重测。结果:量表条目水平内容效度指数I-CVI值为0.85～0.94,总条目的 CVI值为0.87;探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,方差累积贡献率为56.4%。验证性因子分析得出CMIN/DF=2.71,RMSEA=0.06,RMR=0.04,AGFI=0.91,GFI=0.94,CFI=0.91,模型适配尚可。青少年自我超越总分与幸福感总分及希望总分呈正相关(r=0.57、0.68,P0.01),提示具有较好的效标关联效度。量表Cronbachα为0.83,重测信度系数为0.81(P0.01)。结论:中文版青少年自我超越量表具有良好的效度和信度,可用于测量我国青少年自我超越水平。     

施瓦茨价值观问卷(PVQ-21)中文版在大学生中的修订

目的:对施瓦茨价值观问卷(PVQ-21)中文版在在校大学生和研究生中进行修订。方法:根据量表修订的方法,在某大学选取3351名在校大学生和研究生被试进行测试,分析中文版的信度和效度。结果:项目分析结果表明,PVQ-21各项目的项目鉴别力良好(r=0.753~0.907);内部一致性系数为0.337~0.742,分半信度为0.337~0.746,重测信度0.151~0.669;PVQ-21的最小空间分析结果基本符合理论模型;PVQ-21与心理一致感利兹堡简短版(SOC-L9)和Connor-Davidson韧性量表(CD-RISC)显著相关,效标关联效度理想。结论:施瓦茨价值观量表(PVQ-21)中文版在大学生中具有较高的信效度。     

平衡时间观量表中文版测评高校学生的效度和信度

目的:检验平衡时间观量表(BTPS)中文版在高校学生群体中的效度和信度。方法：在样本1(n=500)中应用中文版BTPS施测,进行条目分析和探索性因子分析;在样本2(n=722)中以津巴多时间观量表(ZTPI)、学习投入量表(UWE-S)、幸福感指数量表(IWB)为效标工具检验其效标效度,并进行验证性因子分析;选取样本3(n=102)进行间隔3周的重测。结果:BTPS中文版共27条目,包含过去、未来2个维度。两因子模型拟合良好(χ²/df=3.10,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.91,SRMR=0.05,RMSEA=0.05);效标检验显示,BTPS得分与ZTPI、UWE-S、IWB得分均正相关(ICC=0.59、0.70、0.68、0.51,均P<0.001)。总量表及过去、未来维度的Cronbach α系数分别为0.95、0.92、0.93;总量表及2个维度的重测信度(ICC)分别为0.85、0.80、0.84。结论:平衡时间观量表中文版测量高校学生时间观的效度和信度良好。     

希望源量表测评医务人员的效度和信度

目的:检验希望源量表(LOH)中文版在医务人员中的效度和信度。方法:选取医务人员315人,进行条目分析、效度分析和信度分析,用生活取向量表(LOT)、情绪调节量表(ERQ)、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)检验效标效度。结果:条目与总分相关均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。探索性因素分析显示,修订后21个条目LOH的累积方差解释率为66.50%。验证性因素分析显示,修订后LOH的3因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=3.30,CFI=0.91,TLI=0.90,RMSEA=0.09)。修订后LOH总分及各维度得分与LOT总分和ERQ认知重评维度得分呈正相关(r=0.34～0.60,均P<0.01),与HAD焦虑和抑郁维度得分呈负相关(r=-0.25～-0.47,均P<0.01)。总量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.95,分半信度为0.93,重测信度为0.60。结论:希望源量表中文版在医务人员群体中具有良好的效度和信度。     

损耗敏感性量表中文版的修订与信效度研究

目的:对损耗敏感性量表(DSS)中文版进行修订并检验其信效度。方法:选取北京市某高校499名研究生,随机分为两部分,一部分(n=249)用于条目分析与探索性因子分析,另一部分(n=250)用于验证性因子分析与信效度检验;以自我调节疲劳量表(SRF-S)、自我控制双系统量表(DMSCS)与青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)为效标检验效标效度;2周后随机选取其中280名研究生进行重测以检验重测信度。结果:量表中文版包含8个条目,分为认知与行为2个维度,共解释60.7%的方差变异;验证性因素分析显示,双因素模型具有良好的拟合(χ~2/df=4.18,RMSEA=0.09,NFI=0.95,NNFI=0.94,CFI=0.96,IFI=0.96,GFI=0.96,SRMR=0.05)。量表总分及2个维度得分与SRF-S的各分量表得分、DMSC-S冲动系统分量表得分、ASLEC的各分量表(除学习压力外)得分均呈正相关(r=0.13~0.55,均P0.001)。总量表的Cronbachα系数为0.80,2个维度的Cronbachα系数为0.79、0.73;总量表的重测信度为0.52,2个维度的重测信度为0.46、0.58。结论:损耗敏感性量表中文版具有良好的心理测量学指标,适宜在研究生群体中使用。     

HIV/AIDS压力量表中文版的信效度检验

目的:对HIV/AIDS压力量表(SS-HIV)进行初步修订并在HIV感染者/AIDS患者(PLWHA)中进行信效度检验,探讨其在中国文化背景下的适用性。方法:将在中南地区某市级疾病预防与控制中心接受治疗管理服务的PLWHA作为连续样本招募入组,共得到符合入组条件的研究样本376人,采用中文版HIV/AIDS压力量表(CSSHIV)、病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9),广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)等进行问卷调查。通过项目分析进行条目筛选,采用结构效度、效标效度、区分效度进行效度评价,采用分半信度、重测信度、Cronbachα系数进行信度评价。结果:1项目分析显示在原始量表的基础上剔除1个条目,保留22个条目;2探索性因子分析提示CSS-HIV共提取3个公共因子,累计方差贡献率为55.359%,验证性因子分析发现22条目的中文版量表模型拟合数据最优,各指标为χ2/df=3.066,CFI=0.892,GFI=0.866,NFI=0.849,IFI=0.893,RMSEA=0.074;有HIV相关症状的患者压力得分明显高于无症状者;CSS-HIV压力总分与抑郁得分、焦虑得分的相关系数分别为0.706、0.703。3量表分半信度为0.884,重测信度为0.845,内部一致性系数为0.932。结论:HIV/AIDS压力量表中文版具有良好的信效度,可以用于研究我国PLWHA人群的压力状况。     

职场焦虑量表中文版测评员工的效度和信度

目的:在中国员工群体中对职场焦虑量表(WAS)进行修订并检验其效度与信度。方法:选取1301名员工,其中589名员工(样本1)进行条目分析和探索性因子分析(EFA);712名员工(样本2)进行验证性因子分析(CFA)及效标关联效度检验,4周后从样本2选取169名员工进行重测;合并样本1与样本2形成总样本(n=1301)进行信度分析与跨性别测量等值性检验。采用工作不安全感量表(JIS)、工作家庭平衡量表(WFBS)中的工作侵扰家庭分量表检验WAS中文版的效标效度。结果:EFA显示WAS中文版为单因子结构,总方差贡献率为61.18%,各条目因子负荷在0.75～0.82之间;CFA显示模型拟合指数可接受(χ~2/df=5.74,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.94,RMSEA=0.08,SRMR=0.03);WAS得分与效标工具得分均呈正相关(r=0.37、0.28、0.24,均P<0.001)。WAS中文版的内部一致性信度、分半信度与间隔4周的重测信度(ICC)分别为0.89、0.84、0.85;量表在不同性别员工之间具有完全的测量等值性(ΔCFI≤0.01,ΔRMSEA≤0.01,B...     

认知灵活性问卷中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:分析认知灵活性问卷(CFI)中文版在大学生样本中的效度和信度。方法:选取广东、江西、湖北、浙江四省及北京市的大学生745人完成CFI中文版,并以认知灵活性量表(CFS)、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)及简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)为效标。对数据进行条目分析、验证性因子分析、效标关联效度分析和内部一致性信度及合成信度检验;3周后随机选取其中99名被试进行重测。结果:条目分析显示CFI中文版的20个条目具有良好的区分度;验证性因子分析表明,修订后的问卷结构与原版问卷一致,两因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=3.52,CFI=0.90,NNFI=0.89,SRMR=0.06,RMSEA=0.06);CFI得分与CES-D的抑郁情绪、躯体症状与活动迟滞、人际问题得分及SCSQ的消极应对得分呈负相关(r=-0.36、-0.33、-0.34、-0.26,均P0.001),与CFS得分及CES-D的积极情绪、SCSQ的积极应对得分呈正相关(r=0.72、0.44、0.48,均P0.001);总问卷及可选择性、可控性两个维度的Cronbachα系数与合成信度均在0.80以上,重测信度均在0.65以上。结论:认知灵活性问卷(CFI)中文版在大学生样本中具有良好的测量学性质,可以用于评估大学生的认知灵活性。     

产前依恋问卷中文版的效度和信度

目的:检验产前依恋问卷中文版(CPAI)的效度和信度。方法:选取孕晚期孕妇共560例。其中280例(样本1)用于条目分析与探索性因子分析,280例(样本2)用于验证性因子分析;选取261例,施测母胎依恋关系量表(MAAS)检验效标关联效度,使用Delphi法检验内容效度。总样本用于测量内在一致性和分半信度。根据自愿原则在4周后选取67例进行重测。结果:量表水平内容效度为0.98。探索性因子分析抽取3因子,累积方差贡献率为52.62%。验证性因子分析显示3因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=1.89,CFI=0.922,TLI=0.912,RMSEA=0.056,P<0.001,SRMR=0.047);CPAI与MAAS为中度相关(r=0.554,P<0.001)。总量表及三因子内在一致性信度在0.72～0.92之间,重测信度为0.98,分半信度为0.87。结论:产前依恋问卷中文版具有较好的效度和信度。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008