术后即刻FFR对PCI患者预后的预测价值

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后即刻心肌血流储备分数(FFR)对患者预后的预测价值。方法 纳入2014年3月—2017年12月在本院行PCI治疗的支架置入患者(200例)。术后进行1年随访(电话和门诊复查),根据随访期间有无发生主要心血管不良事件(MACE)将患者分为MACE组和非MACE组。进行单因素和多元Logistic回归分析PCI术后MACE影响因素,建立受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析FFR的预测价值并绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线验证,分析术后FFR的影响因素。结果 经过1年随访,MACE组31例,非MACE组169例。MACE组患者术后FFR显著低于非MACE组(t＝6.316,P＝0.000),MACE组糖尿病、高血压与高血脂患者的占比明显高于非MACE组(P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、术后FFR为MACE的影响因素。ROC曲线显示术后FFR对MACE有较好预测价值(P＝0.000),其中术后FFR＝0.868为最佳临界值。生存分析显示术后FFR≥0.868组患者MACE发生迟于术后FFR＜0.868组(Log-rank P＝0.008)；多因素分析显示术后FFR影响因素有右侧冠状动脉靶血管累及、术前FFR值和支架直径(P＝0.2,0.4,0.038,均＜0.05)。结论 术后FFR对PCI预后有较好预测价值,术后FFR≥0.868组患者MACE发生时间迟于术后FFR＜0.868组。右侧冠状动脉靶血管累及、术前FFR值与支架直径是术后FFR的影响因素。     

血流储备分数指导下功能性血运重建对STEMI多支血管病变患者预后的影响

目的观察血流储备分数(FFR)指导下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)功能性血运重建对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)多支血管病变患者短期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析陕西省第四人民医院心血管内科2016年1月～2017年1月住院治疗STEMI多支血管病变患者的病历资料,根据干预非梗死相关血管(Non-IRA)时是否行FFR检查将患者分为:FFR组68例(FFR指导下功能性血运重建组)和CAG组92例(冠状动脉造影指导下血运重建组)。比较两组支架置入数量、平均支架总长度和围手术期主要并发症,患者术后随访12个月,比较两组术后1个月和术后12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果 FFR组支架置入数量[(1.5±1.0)枚vs.(2.6±0.5)枚,P=0.02]和平均支架总长度[(51.4±30.0)mm vs.(67.2±20.5)mm,P=0.03]显著低于CAG组(P0.05);术后1个月两组MACE发生率(1.5%vs. 3.3%,P=0.64)无统计学差异(P0.05),继续随访至术后12个月,FFR组MACE发生率(5.9%vs. 16.3%,P=0.04)较CAG组显著降低。结论 STEMI多支血管病变患者,FFR指导下分期PCI功能性血运重建减少支架置入数量和患者术后12个月发生MACE的风险。     

PCIS患者术后即刻心肌血流储备分数(FFR)与脑钠尿肽(BNP)水平对于患者预后的影响

【】目的 探讨冠状动脉介入(PCI)S患者术后即刻心肌血流储备分数(FFR)与脑钠尿肽(BNP)水平对于患者预后的影响。方法 临床纳入入院后6h行PCI术的急性心肌梗死患者63例,患者均顺利完成PCI术。在支架植入后即刻进行FFR检测,并在术后24h内进行BNP水平检测。术后,对患者进行为期12个月的临床随访,观察患者主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的发生情况,并分析MACE发生与术后即刻FFR以及BNP之间的联系。结果 随访期间,共有3例患者发生死亡,共有38例患者发生MACE。BNP水平与MACE发生率存在正相关(rs=0.783,P＜0.05)；术后即刻FFR与MACE发生率存在负相关(rs=-0.875,P＜0.05)；FFR的ROC曲线下面积为0.807(P＜0.05),面积的95%CI为0.769~0.950；BNP的ROC曲线下面积为0.856(P＜0.05),面积的95%CI为0.731~0.911。FFR与BNP拐点分别为0.91、286.75ng/L；多元Logistic回归分析显示,即刻FFR与BNP水平为PCI术后1年MACE发生的独立预测因子(P＜0.05)。结论 对于接受PCI术的急性性心肌梗死患者进行术后即刻FFR及BNP水平检测,能够有效预测患者术后1年内MACE的发生情况,值得推广。     

冠状动脉造影联合血流储备分数在2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨冠状动脉造影(CAG)联合血流储备分数(FFR)在2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年1月至2015年7月在航天中心医院接受CAG检查、证实至少有1处冠状动脉狭窄70%、拟置入支架治疗的女性患者60例,均确诊为2型糖尿病,随机分为观察组28例和对照组32例。观察组共42处病变均应用压力导丝行心肌FFR测定,仅在FFR≤0.80的病变中置入药物洗脱支架(DES);对照组共51处病变常规置入DES。比较两组患者冠心病危险因素情况、置入支架数,手术后12个月主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再次血运重建及因心脏原因再入院)发生率及心绞痛再发率。结果观察组28例患者,FFR≤0.80的有12例患者18处病变共置入DES 19枚;对照组32例患者51处病变共置入DES48枚。观察组平均住院费用[(2.43±1.02)万元比(5.54±2.11)万元,P=0.005]、平均置入支架数[(0.68±0.64)枚比(1.49±0.88),P=0.032]、平均手术时间[(58.4±18.1)min比(68.4±21.2)min,P=0.041]及平均对比剂用量[(148.8±32.0)ml比(197.9±45.4)ml,P=0.028]均少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。随访12个月,观察组再发心绞痛4例(14.3%),MACE事件2例(7.1%);对照组再发心绞痛4例(12.5%),MACE事件3例(9.3%),两组再发心绞痛和MACE的发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 2型糖尿病女性冠心病患者介入治疗中联合应用CAG和FFR监测,可减少术中支架置入数量及对比剂用量,且并不增加近期不良心血管事件的发生率。     

血流储备分数指导下分期PCI干预非梗死相关动脉对STEMI患者短期预后的影响

目的:探讨血流储备分数(FFR)指导下分期行经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入术(PCI)干预非梗死相关动脉(non-IRA)对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者预后的影响。方法:将100例拟分期PCI干预non-IRA的STEMI患者随机分为FFR指导下功能性血运重建组(FFR组)和单纯冠脉造影指导下血运重建组(CAG组),各50例。FFR组对狭窄70%～90%的non-IRA行FFR检查,FFR≤0.80为PCI干预的指证;CAG组对狭窄≥70%的non-IRA仅冠脉造影指导下行PCI。比较2组PCI资料和住院期间主要并发症,均术后随访12个月,比较2组术后1个月和12个月时主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率。结果:FFR组和CAG组比较,人均支架植入量[(1.5±0.5)枚∶(2.6±1.0)枚,P≤0.01]和支架植入率[84.2%∶100%,P=0.003]显著降低;2组的PCI时间、造影剂剂量、住院时间、住院费用和住院期间主要并发症均无统计学差异;术后1个月FFR组未增加MACE事件发生率[1例(2%)∶3例(6%),P=0.617];术后12个月FFR组MACE事件[2例(4.08%)∶8例(16.70%),P=0.042]显著降低。结论:对STEMI多支血管病变患者在FFR指导下non-IRA分期功能性血运重建可减少不必要的PCI干预,降低术后12个月的MACE事件发生率。     

血流储备分数在左冠状动脉主干分叉病变中的应用

目的:分析左冠状动脉(冠脉)主干分叉病变处主支置入支架后分支血管(回旋支)口部受累后血流储备分数(FFR)指导介入治疗的安全合理性。方法:连续选择35例左主干分叉病变的患者,给予LM-LAD跨越式支架置入术(Cross-over),经定量冠脉造影(QCA)测量术后LCX口部狭窄程度,狭窄≥75%给予FFR测量,FFR0.8给予支架干预,并随访主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果:术后FFR0.8组的LCX口部最小管腔直径最小,狭窄75%组最大[(0.2±0.6)mm∶(0.6±0.4)mm∶(1.5±0.2)mm,P0.001];FFR0.8组的LCX口部狭窄最重,狭窄75%组最轻[(94.2±2.5)%∶(81.6±4.7)%∶(53.8±13.1)%,P0.001];FFR0.8组的FFR值比FFR≥0.8组显著减小[(0.71±0.11)∶(0.85±0.12),P0.001],两组QCA数值与FFR数值显著相关(r=-0.94,P0.001)。3组MACE比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论:FFR可显著减少左主干分叉病变Cross-over支架术后受累LCX口部的介入治疗,且安全合理。     

FFR联合CAG对冠心病患者PCI术后主要不良心脏事件发生的评估

目的评估冠状动脉造影(CAG)联合血流储备分数(FFR)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后12个月主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生。方法收集2014年4月~2015年3月于泰州第二人民医院收治的冠心病并接受PCI患者127例,根据术后12个月是否发生MACE分为两组,即MACE组和非MACE组,记录两组的临床资料,如性别、年龄、吸烟史、并发症(高血压病、糖尿病、高脂血症)、出院用药情况、CAG评价的冠状动脉病变相关参数(病变部位、病变血管支数、血管狭窄程度)和FFR值,并进行Logistic回归分析评估发生MACE的危险因素。结果纳入冠心病并接受PCI术的患者127例,男性80例(63.0%),女性47例(37.0%);年龄为64.8±9.5岁;体质指数23.0±2.4 km/m2;NYHA心功能分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ111例(87.4%),Ⅳ16例(12.6%);合并糖尿病史65例(51.2%)、高血压史71例(55.9%)和高血脂史89例(70.1%);有吸烟者74例(58.3%);CAG评价的血管狭窄度为(96.1±4.0)%;FFR为0.97±0.06。单因素分析显示,MACE组与非MACE组性别、年龄、体质指数、NYHA心功能分级、病变部位、病变血管支数、吸烟史和出院用药情况组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示PCI术后12个月发生MACE的危险因素有FFR、高血脂史和糖尿病史(P0.05)。结论影响PCI术后12个月发生MACE的因素有低水平的FFR、高血脂史和糖尿病史,单纯通过CAG评价冠状动脉狭窄程度并不能预测MACE发生,可增加FFR检测。     

冠脉造影联合 FFR 监测在高龄冠心病患者PCI 治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)造影联合心肌血流储备分数(FFR)监测在高龄冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗中的应用价值。方法冠脉造影证实冠脉狭窄超过70%的高龄(年龄≥80岁)老年冠心病患者40例,随机分为观察组18例(39处病变)和对照组22例(43处病变)。对照组行冠脉造影,常规行PCI,置入药物涂层支架;观察组在冠脉造影基础上行FFR测定,对FFR≤0.75的病变行PCI治疗并置入药物涂层支架。比较两组置入支架数量、手术时间、造影剂剂量;随访12个月,记录心绞痛发作情况及主要心脏不良事件的发生率。结果观察组每例置入支架(0.9±0.5)个,手术时间为(64.4±16.2)min,造影剂使用剂量为(152.8±31.0)m L;对照组分别为(1.8±0.8)个、(67.7±21.9)min和(198.6±56.3)m L,观察组置入支架数量及造影剂使用剂量少于对照组(P均<0.05)。随访12个月,两组心绞痛及主要心血管不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义。结论高龄老年冠心病患者PCI治疗中联合应用冠脉造影和FFR监测,可减少术中支架置入数量及造影剂使用剂量,且并不增加近期心血管不良事件的发生。     

冠状动脉长病变患者置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架和紫杉醇洗脱支架2年临床观察

目的 评价冠状动脉长病变患者成功置入Firebird雷帕霉素洗脱支架和Taxus紫杉醇洗脱支架2年后的有效性和安全性.方法 本研究入选了2004年4月至2006年10月期间,在阜外心血管病医院行择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠状动脉长病变患者826例.入选患者分为Firebird 组(666例)和Taxus组(160例).随访资料包括术后30天、1年和2年的死亡、心肌梗死、血栓、靶病变血运重建和靶血管血运重建.本研究比较了两组间各种临床事件的累积发生率差异.同时通过倾向性评分调整后的Cox比例风险模型比较两组间的2年临床随访结果.结果 两组病变长度[(45.62±15.25) mm比(44.09±13.67)mm]及置入支架长度[(51.22±16.64) mm比(49.63±15.86)mm]相似(P＞0.05).术后2年,Firebird组靶病变血运重建率(3.46％比10.00％,P=0.0005)、靶血管血运重建率(5.42％比11.25％,P=0.008)及MACE发生率(10.99％比20.00％,P=0.002)方面显著低于Taxus组.两组患者术后2年支架肯定或可能血栓形成的发生率差异均无统计学意义.经倾向性评分调整后,与Taxus组相比,应用Firebird支架治疗的患者在术后2年时MACE风险降低(危险比0.622,95％ CI:0.401 ～0.965,P=0.034),而其他临床事件的风险比差异无统计学意义.结论 对于冠状动脉长病变患者而言,使用Firebird雷帕霉素洗脱支架MACE发生率较低,而靶病变血运重建率和靶血管血运重建率方面不劣于Taxus紫杉醇洗脱支架,且风险有下降趋势.     

尿酸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入治疗患者远期预后的影响

目的探讨尿酸对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行PCI患者远期预后的影响。方法选择行冠状动脉造影和PCI术的STEMI患者150例,根据PCI术后是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)分为非MACE组100例和MACE组50例。比较2组一般临床资料、生化指标及冠状动脉病变情况,用ROC曲线预测PCI术后MACE发生风险。结果 MACE组Gensini积分及血清尿酸水平明显高于非MACE组[(68.13±18.20)分vs (49.20±15.43)分,(389.48±88.81)μmol/L vs (320.00±61.00)μmol/L,P=0.000]。血清尿酸和Gensini积分ROC曲线下面积分别为0.785(95%CI:0.694～0.877)和0.789(95%CI:0.703～0.876)。当血清尿酸为378.5μmol/L时,敏感性为66.7%,特异性为82.7%。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清尿酸水平与Gensini积分呈正相关(r=0.840,P0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,血清尿酸、Gensini积分是PCI术后MACE的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论根据患者血清尿酸和Gensini积分水平可评估冠状动脉病变程度和PCI术后预后情况。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.