NT-pro BNP水平对慢性心力衰竭患者远期心脏事件的预测价值研究

目的观察慢性心力衰竭患者的N-端脑利钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平与远期心脏事件的关系,探讨NT-pro BNP水平对慢性心力衰竭患者长期预后的预测价值。方法对122例慢性心力衰竭患者检测血NT-pro BNP,随访两年内的心脏事件(心血管病死亡,心力衰竭失代偿再住院)。结果心脏事件组NT-pro BNP水平明显高于非心脏事件组(P<0.05);NT-pro BNP>2 917ng/L组心脏事件发生率高于≤2 917ng/L组(P<0.05)。结论检测血浆NT-pro BNP水平对慢性心力衰竭患者远期心脏事件预测有一定价值。     

可溶性ST2在射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者中的表达及其预后价值

目的:比较射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFPEF)患者和射血分数下降的心力衰竭(HFREF)患者治疗过程中血浆可溶性ST2(sST2)及氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的水平和早期变化,并探讨其对心血管事件的预测价值。方法:将61例急性失代偿性心衰患者按照左室射血分数(LVEF)分为HFPEF组(35例)及HFREF组(26例)。比较两组入院时、入院第7天sST2及NT-proBNP的水平,随访并记录患者入院后6个月心血管事件(全因死亡、心衰再住院)的发生情况。结果:HFREF组患者入院时、入院第7天sST2、NT-proBNP水平高于HFPEF组(均P0.05)。两组入院第7天NT-proBNP水平较入院时明显下降,而sST2在治疗过程中变化不明显。经Logsitic回归分析发现(纳入因素包括NT-proBNP),入院时sST2水平是上述两种心衰患者发生心血管事件的独立危险因素(HFPEF组:OR:1.411,95%CI:1.038~1.918,P0.05;HFREF组:OR:1.033,95%CI:1.009~1.058,P0.001)。通过ROC曲线发现,只有NT-proBNP的变化值具有预测心血管事件的价值(ROC曲线下面积为0.753,界值为2 852pg/ml,灵敏度92.3%,特异度56.2%,P=0.005)。而治疗过程中sST2水平的短期变化值无预测心血管事件的价值。结论:HFPEF患者血浆sST2水平显著低于HFREF患者。入院时sST2水平是急性心衰患者发生心血管事件的独立危险因素,与LVEF无关。NT-proBNP水平的短期变化具有预测心血管事件的价值。     

B型钠尿肽对急性心肌梗死早期介入治疗预后的预测价值

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者早期血运重建后,B型钠尿肽(BNP)水平的变化及其对患者2年内心血管不良事件的预测价值。方法入选首次ST段抬高AMI住院患者114例,测定入选时,入院后第1、7天的血浆BNP水平,根据发病6 h内梗死相关血管(IRA)开通情况分为:开通组69例和未开通组45例,入院后7 d内行超声心动图检查,出院后随访2年,记录其临床事件。结果开通组与未开通组血浆BNP水平在入院时差异无统计学意义,未开通组血浆BNP水平在第1、7天较开通组明显升高(P0.01)。多元COX回归分析显示,Killip分级、入院第1天BNP经自然对数转换后的数值及发病6 h内IRA状态是AMI后2年内心血管不良事件的危险因素(P0.05,P0.01)。ROC曲线显示,第1天的血浆BNP能够预测AMI后2年内的心血管不良事件,其分界值332 ng/L时的敏感性为76.9%,特异性为73.3%。结论血浆BNP水平是AMI不良预后的独立危险因素,BNP的动态变化支持早期开通IRA在改善近、远期预后方面的重要性。     

血浆脑钠素在非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征中的变化及其意义

目的探讨血浆脑钠素(BNP)在非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者中的变化,并分析其判断预后及指导治疗的价值。方法在2004年6月至2005年5月间连续入院的非ST段抬高的ACS患者共65例,入院时检测血浆BNP水平。并随机分为保守治疗组和有创干预组,随访6个月复合心血管事件发生,评价BNP在判断预后中的价值。结果非ST段抬高ACS患者及健康对照组的血浆BNP水平分别是(139.6±112.7)pg/ml、(20.1±9.1)pg/ml,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,BNP是患者复合心血管事件危险性的独立预测因子(OR=2.96,95%CI:2.62～11.32,P<0.01)。有创干预可以降低BNP水平减少6个月复合心血管事件发生率。结论非ST段抬高ACS患者血浆BNP水平在早期即明显升高,是患者复合心血管事件危险性的独立预测因子,有创干预能明显减少非ST段抬高ACS患者的复合心血管事件。     

急性中毒性心肌损害患者血浆N-末端B型利钠肽原水平观察

目的:观察急性中毒性心肌损害患者血浆N-末端B型利钠肽原(NT-pro BNP)的变化,探讨其临床意义。方法:选取我科住院的急性中毒患者107例,其中合并心肌损害者57例(A组),非心肌损害者50例(B组),另设健康对照者20例(C组)。测定中毒后24 h内血浆NT-pro BNP及肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)水平,比较3组之间血浆NT-pro BNP水平,并将血浆NT-pro BNP水平与c Tn I进行相关性分析。结果:A、B、C组血浆NT-pro BNP水平分别为(3167.64±1120.41)pg/m L、(176.62±45.43)pg/m L、(60.19±42.17)pg/m L,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),血浆NT-pro BNP水平在心肌损害组与非心肌损害组间存在差异,且在急性中毒患者血清中水平升高。血浆NT-pro BNP水平与c Tn I成正相关(r=0.963,P0.05)。logistic回归分析显示血浆NT-pro BNP是心脏事件发生的独立危险因素,其相对危险度的估计值为11.6(P=0.001)。结论:急性中毒可引起血浆NT-pro BNP水平增高,NT-pro BNP可作为判断中毒时心肌是否受损的指标,是预测急性中毒患者心脏事件的独立危险因素。     

重组人脑利钠肽治疗对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者再发主要心血管事件的影响

目的:探讨重组人脑利钠肽(rh BNP)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者再发主要心血管事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将100例STEMI患者按照住院顺序分为对照组和治疗组,每组50例,入院即刻检测血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)。治疗组静脉滴注rh BNP,1.5μg/kg,治疗3 d,对照组静脉滴注硝酸甘油10~100μg/min,3 d。规范随访1年,观察终点为MACE。结果:与对照组比较,治疗组ST段回落率、TIMI3级所占比例、Gensini评分、左心室射血分数(LVEF)均明显增高,左室舒张末期内径(LVED)明显降低(均P0.01)。治疗组患者PCI术后院内与院外随访的MACE发生率明显低于对照组(P0.01)。治疗前,2组血浆BNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后1、6、12个月,治疗组患者血浆BNP水平明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:静脉注射rh BNP可降低STEMI患者再发MACE的风险,改善患者的各项指标,降低患者的发生并发症的机率,但会在一定程度上增加患者的血浆重组人脑利钠肽(NT-pro BNP)水平。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者甲状腺激素、氨基末端脑钠肽前体变化及其对预后的评估价值

目的分析老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者甲状腺激素、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)变化及其对预后的评估价值。方法选取2012年5月—2015年2月在襄阳市中心医院心内科住院的老年CHF患者120例作为CHF组,其中心功能Ⅱ级42例,心功能Ⅲ级47例,心功能Ⅳ级31例。另选取同期在本院体检健康的老年人120例作为对照组。比较两组受试者及不同心功能分级CHF患者血浆甲状腺激素〔三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)〕、NT-pro BNP水平及左心室射血分数(LVEF),并分析CHF患者血浆NT-pro BNP水平及LVEF与血浆甲状腺激素水平的相关性。根据CHF患者住院期间心血管事件发生情况分为心血管事件组42例和非心血管事件组78例,比较心血管事件组与非心血管事件组患者血浆甲状腺激素、NT-pro BNP水平及LVEF。结果 CHF组与对照组受试者血浆T4、FT4、TSH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CHF组患者血浆T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于对照组,血浆NT-pro BNP水平高于对照组(P0.05)。不同心功能分级CHF患者血浆T4、FT4、TSH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);心功能Ⅲ级患者血浆FT3水平低于心功能Ⅱ级患者,血浆NT-pro BNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ级患者(P0.05);心功能Ⅳ级患者血浆T3、FT3水平及LVEF低于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级患者,血浆NT-pro BNP水平高于心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ级患者(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血浆NT-pro BNP水平与血浆T3、FT3水平呈负相关(r值分别为-0.335、-0.221,P0.05),与血浆T4、FT4、TSH水平无直线相关性(r值分别为0.047、0.027、0.015,P0.05)。LVEF与血浆T3、FT3水平呈正相关(r值分别为0.410、0.229,P0.05),与血浆T4、FT4、TSH水平无直线相关性(r值分别为0.085、0.087、0.004,P0.05)。心血管事件组与非心血管事件组患者血浆T4、FT4、TSH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);心血管事件组患者血浆T3、FT3水平低于非心血管事件组,血浆NT-pro BNP水平高于非心血管事件组(P0.05)。结论老年CHF患者血浆T3、FT3水平较低,血浆NT-pro BNP水平较高,T3、FT3、NT-pro BNP可作为评估CHF患者病情严重程度及预后的指标。     

可溶性ST_2与N-末端脑钠肽前体在慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者中的变化

目的观察慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血清可溶性ST_2(s ST_2)、血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平变化的临床意义。方法 ELISA法检测慢性肺源性心脏病急性加重期代偿期患者(A组)和失代偿期患者(B组)治疗前及治疗后15天,以及健康人(C组)的血清ST_2、血浆NT-pro BNP水平。结果 A组和B组患者治疗前的血清s ST_2和血浆NT-pro BNP水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),B组患者治疗前的血清s ST_2和血浆NT-pro BNP水平均明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);A组和B组患者治疗后的血清s ST_2和血浆NT-pro BNP水平变化均明显低于治疗前,B组治疗后的血清s ST_2和血浆NT-pro BNP水平均明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);相关性分析提示性肺源性心脏病急性加重期患者血清s ST_2与血浆NT-pro BNP呈正相关(r=0.57,P<0.05)。结论血清ST_2和血浆NT-pro BNP水平可作为评价慢性肺心病急性加重患者心肌损伤、心力衰竭的一项重要指标。     

高敏C反应蛋白和氨基末端脑钠肽前体预测老年急性冠脉综合征患者心血管事件的价值

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和氨基末端B型利钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)对老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者心血管事件的预测价值。方法选择200例老年ACS患者,测定血清hs-CRP和NT-pro BNP水平,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线结果,以hs-CRP=10 mg/L为截断值,将ACS患者分为高hs-CRP组和低hs-CRP组;以NT-pro BNP=610 ng/L为截断值,将ACS患者分为高NT-pro BNP组和低NT-pro BNP组。分析hs-CRP和NT-pro BNP对ACS患者心血管事件的预测价值。结果 ACS患者血清hs-CRP、NT-pro BNP水平分别为(26.43±16.75)mg/L、(1 642.23±214.32)ng/ml。hs-CRP和NT-pro BNP预测ACS患者复合终点事件的ROC下面积分别为0.721和0.705。高hs-CRP组和低hs-CRP组患者年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、高胆固醇血症、左室射血分数比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。高NT-pro BNP组左室射血分数明显低于低NT-pro BNP组(P<0.05),高NTpro BNP组糖尿病史比例明显高于低NT-pro BNP组(P<0.05),两组年龄、性别、吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇血症比较没有显著差异(P>0.05)。高hs-CRP组随访3、6、12个月心肌梗死(MI)和冠心病(CHD)死亡的发生率均明显高于低hs-CRP组(均P<0.05)。高NTpro BNP组随访3、6、12个月MI、心力衰竭(HF)和死亡的发生率均明显高于低NT-pro BNP组(均P<0.05)。结论血清hs-CRP和NT-pro BNP对老年ACS患者不良心血管事件具有预测价值。     

快速测定脑利钠肽预测充血性心力衰竭患者预后的价值

目的　探讨快速测定脑利钠肽预测充血性心力衰竭近期预后的价值。方法　 70例充血性心力衰竭住院患者 ,NYHA心功能Ⅲ级 3 7例、Ⅳ级 3 3例。入院时、出院前或临终前 2 4小时内分别测定血浆BNP ,分析住院治疗前后BNP水平变化与心源性死亡、3 0天内再住院事件的关系。结果　 2 3例患者出现终点事件 (因心功能恶化死亡 6例、再住院 17例 ) ,其入院时BNP水平 ( 15 16pg/ml± 872pg/ml)高于未发生临床终点者 ( 10 3 7pg/ml± 65 4pg/ml) ,P <0 .0 1;发生临床终点者住院期间BNP升高 3 18pg/ml ,而未发生终点事件的患者 ,住院期间BNP平均降低 3 5 9pg/ml ,P <0 .0 1;BNP升高组患者发生临床终点 68.2 % ,BNP降低组患者发生临床终点 16.7% ,P <0 .0 0 5。结论　BNP水平可预测失代偿充血性心力衰竭患者的近期预后     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.