房室结双径路合并房室旁路的折返性心动过速及射频消融治疗

目的本研究旨在探讨房室结双径路（ＤＡＶＮＰ）合并房室旁路（ＡＰ）的电生理特征和射频消融要求。方法对２１８例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）进行电生理检查，观察ＰＳＶＴ的前传和逆传途径，然后对ＡＰ或房室结慢径（ＳＰ）进行消融治疗。结果２１８例ＰＳＶＴ中检出ＤＡＶＮＰ＋ＡＰ１０例，检出率为４．６％。其中ＳＰ前传、ＡＰ逆传（ＳＰ－ＡＰ折返）４例，快径（ＦＰ）前传、ＡＰ逆传（ＦＰ－ＡＰ折返）１例，ＳＰ－ＡＰ折返并ＦＰ－ＡＰ折返或ＳＰ／ＦＰ交替前传折返４例，ＳＰ前传、ＦＰ逆传（ＡＰ旁观）１例。１０例患者均作ＡＰ消融，诱发房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）的３例加作ＳＰ消融，术后随访均无复发。结论ＤＡＶＮＰ合并ＡＰ者ＡＰ均作为逆传途径，阻断ＡＰ是消融关键；ＡＰ旁观者也应作ＡＰ消融；仅有ＡＨ跳跃延长者不必接受房室结改良；ＡＰ消融者应作ＤＡＶＮＰ电生理检查。     

显性预激综合征与房室折返性心动过速100例分析

分析１００例显性预激综合征食管心房调搏的资料，结果表明：①诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）４９例，左侧旁道（ＡＰ）较右侧ＡＰ发生率高；逆向型房室折返性心动过速（Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ）３例，均见于右侧ＡＰ。前向与逆向的单次折返１３例。房室折返性心律失常总计６５例，占６５％。②Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成应具备旁道前传的有效不应期（ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ）＞房室结有效不应期（ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ）＞左房有效不应期（ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ）。Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成，应具备ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ＞ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ＞ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ。③房室折返性心动过速的诱发以Ｓ_１Ｓ_２及分级递增法为最佳。     

窄QRS波群心动过速ST—T改变的临床意义

为了解窄ＯＲＳ波群心动过速ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义,观察６０例窄ＱＲＳ波群室上性心动过速发作时心电图Ｒ－Ｒ间期、ＳＴ－Ｔ改变和心腔内心电图房间传导时间、逆向心房激动顺序。结果显示：房室折返性心动过速的ＳＴ段压低〉２ｍｍ和／或Ｔ波倒置（％）、ＳＴ波压低幅度、房间传导时间均非常显著大于房室结折返性心动过速（Ｐ均〈０．０１）;发作时ＳＴ－Ｔ改变左侧旁道多见于Ｖ１～Ｖ６导联、右侧旁道多见于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联     

阵发性室上性心动过速时ST－T改变的临床意义

回顾性分析经射频消融治疗的４１８例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）发作时的体表１２导联心电图，以了解ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义。结果表明３０５例房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）中，ＳＴ段下移≥２ｍｍ且持续≥８０ｍｓ和（或）Ｔ波倒置者有１８１例（５９．３４％），明显高于房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者（２８／１１３，２４．７８％）Ｐ＜０．００５。并且此差异不能被心率所矫正。此外左游离壁旁道患者ＳＴ段压低多分布在Ｖ３～Ｖ６导联，而右后和左后隔旁道患者倒置的Ｔ波和（或）ＳＴ段压低多发生于Ｉ、ＩＩ、ａＶＦ导联。提示ＰＳＶＴ时心电图上ＳＴ－Ｔ改变可作为区分ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的一个有用指标，并且可能还有粗略的旁道定位价值     

阵发性室上性心动过速时ST－T改变的临床意义

回顾性分析经射频消融治疗的４１８例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）发作时的体表１２导联心电图，以了解ＳＴ－Ｔ改变的临床意义。结果表明３０５例房室折返性心动过速（ＡＶＲＴ）中，ＳＴ段下移≥２ｍｍ且持续≥８０ｍｓ和（或）Ｔ波倒置者有１８１例（５９．３４％），明显高于房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者（２８／１１３，２４．７８％）Ｐ＜０．００５。并且此差异不能被心率所矫正。此外左游离壁旁道患者ＳＴ段压低多分布在Ｖ３～Ｖ６导联，而右后和左后隔旁道患者倒置的Ｔ波和（或）ＳＴ段压低多发生于Ｉ、ＩＩ、ａＶＦ导联。提示ＰＳＶＴ时心电图上ＳＴ－Ｔ改变可作为区分ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的一个有用指标，并且可能还有粗略的旁道定位价值     

射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的临床疗效评价

采用射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）５１９例，总成功率为９５．０％（４９３／５１９）。其中旁道参与的ＳＶＴ３７９例（共３８４条旁道），离断３７５条，成功率（９７．７％）；房室结折返性心动过速１３４例，阻断慢径成功率９４．７％（１２６／１３３）；房性心动过速６例，成功４例，成功率６６．７％。８例患者出现并发症。随访１～５２月，２４例ＳＶＴ复发（４．６％），再次接受ＲＦＣＡ后均获成功。     

射频消融的临床应用

对２１例阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）患者施行导管射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ），其中１０例为预激综合征并房折返性心动过速（ＷＰＷ并ＡＶＲＴ），１０例为房室结双径路并房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＤＰ并ＡＶＮＲＴ），１例为房内折返性心动过速（ＩＡＲＴ）。经ＲＦＣＡ预激旁路和房室结改良有１８例获得成功，成功率８５．７％。无并发症，随访１～６个月未见复发者。     

射频消融治疗室上性心动过速的临床疗效评价

采用射频电流导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）治疗室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）５１９例，总成功率为９５．０％（４９３／５１９）。其中旁道参与的ＳＶＴ３７９例（共３８４条旁道），离断３７５条，成功率（９７．７％）；房室结折返性心动过速１３４例，阻断慢径成功率９４．７％（１２６／１３３）；房性心动过速６例，成功４例，成功率６６．７％。８例患者出现并发症。随访１￣５２月，２４例ＳＶＴ复发（４．６％），再次接受ＲＦＣＡ后均     

40例快－慢型房室结折返性室上速的心电图分析

４０例快－慢型房室结折返性室上速的心电图分析王晓梅，薛成相（解放军第三医院心内科心功室宝鸡７２１００４）房室结双径路（ＤＮＮＶＰ）引起的房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＴＲ）约占室上速（ＡＶＴ）的６０％～７０％，其中快－慢型（Ｆ－Ｓ型）ＡＶＮＴＲ占９０％...     

食管心房调搏指标诊断室上性心动过速价值的评定

以射频消融结果为依据，评定Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增值和ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距对４８例慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ）和１４１例顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）患者的诊断及鉴别诊断价值，并讨论两类心动过速食管调搏的定量判别标准。结果表明：（１）Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增以≥６０ｍｓ诊断ＡＶＮＲＴ为宜，但有一定局限性，其敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９１．６％、８５．８％、７２．８％。（２）ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距≤７０ｍｓ和＞７０ｍｓ分别对Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ、Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的诊断及鉴别诊断价值较高。敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９３．８％、１００％、１００％与１００％、９３．８％、９７．９％．（３）少数（１７％）右侧壁旁道逆传性心动过速ＲＰ＿Ｅ／Ｐ＿ＥＲ可＞１．０。（４）Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ与Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的定量判别Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增、ＲＰ＿Ｅ标准宜分别取≥６０ｍｓ、≤７０ｍｓ与＜６０ｍｓ、＞７０ｍｓ。     

食管电生理诊断室上性心动过速及其分型的意义

目的探讨食管电生理对室上性心动过速(SVT)诊断及分型的准确性。方法收集近两年经射频消融治疗的SVT病例,选择其中食管电生理和心内电生理资料完整的41例,将两种电生理检查对SVT诊断及分型比较,进行χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果两种电生理检查诊断房室结双径路(DAVNP)、慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)、常见的顺向型房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)差异无统计学意义;食管电生理对房室旁路(AP)的粗略定位准确性较高,但对快慢型AVNRT、慢AP参于的AVRT与房性心动过速不易辨别。结论食管电生理虽不易辨别少见型SVT,但诊断常见型SVT及分型准确性方面与心内电生理有相似的价值,且具有无创、简便、费用低等优点。     

房室旁道和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速初次发病年龄和因素分析

探讨房室旁道 (简称房道 )和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速的初次发病年龄。 15 5例旁道和房室结双径引起的折返性心动过速中 ,房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 10 6例、房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 4 9例。根据年龄和心动过速病程推算初次发病年龄 ,然后比较AVRT和AVNRT、左和右侧旁道并AVRT、显性和隐匿性旁道并AVRT、男性和女性心动过速患者的初发年龄。结果 :AVRT和AVNRT的初发年龄分别为 2 9.9± 12 .85岁和 32 .33±11.84岁 ,组间比较无显著性差异。左、右侧旁道并AVRT、显性和隐匿性AP并AVRT、男性和女性心动过速患者初发年龄比较差异均无显著性 ,均是 30岁左右。结论 :30岁左右是AVRT和AVNRT初次发病的高发年龄段 ,其他年龄段呈散在发病     

食管电生理诊断阵发性室上性心动过速

目的探讨食管电生理诊断阵发性室上性心动过速(paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,PSVT)及分型的准确性。方法收集经食管电生理和心内电生理检查并行射频消融治疗的PSVT42例,将两种电生理对PSVT的诊断及分型进行比较,用X2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果两种电生理检查诊断房室结双径路、慢快型房室结折返性心动过速、常见的顺向型房室折返性心动过速差异无显著性,食管电生理对房室旁路的粗略定位准确性较高,但对快慢型房室结折返性心动过速、慢房室旁路参予的房室折返性心动过速与房性心动过速不易辨别。结论食管电生理诊断常见类型的PSVT与心内电生理有相似的价值,且具有无创、简便、费用低等优点;但对不常见或复杂的PSVT不易辨别。     

动态心电图对伴长不应期快径的房室结双径路的诊断价值

目的：明确24h动态心电图对伴长不应期快径的房室结双径路（DAVNP）的诊断价值。方法：对84例DAVNP合并房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的患者进行24h动态心电图（DCG）监测。结果：3例患者在DCG示间歇性PR间期延长．伴心悸等不适。食管电生理显示快径有效不应期（ERP）延长，大于500ms。结论：DAVNP患者有时快径呈间歇性延长，DCG有助于其确定。     

Usefulness of the delta HA interval to accurately distinguish atrioventricular nodal reentry from orthodromic septal bypass tract tachycardias

Surface electrocardiographic criteria may be inadequate to distinguish some cases of atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from those with orthodromic SVT incorporating a posterior septal bypass tract (orthodromic SVT) because of similarities in P-wave morphology and timing during SVT. Invasive electrophysiologic studies may occasionally leave uncertainty in the correct diagnosis, using currently accepted criteria. A new criterion for distinguishing these 2 forms of SVT was therefore devised and tested based on differences in the sequence of activation of the His bundle and atrium during SVT and ventricular pacing. Eighty-four patients underwent invasive electrophysiologic studies (60 with proved AV nodal SVT, 24 with proved orthodromic SVT), during which His to atrial (HA) intervals were measured during SVT as well as ventricular pacing at the same rate. The newly devised criterion, the delta HA interval (HApace-HAsvt) was found to accurately distinguish AV nodal SVT (delta HA greater than 0 ms) from orthodromic SVT (delta HA less than -27 ms). An intermediate value of delta HA = -10 ms was chosen which had a 100% sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy in differentiating the 2 forms of SVT. A clear retrograde His potential during ventricular pacing, which is essential for application of this criterion, was present in 78 of 84 (93%) cases. In summary, patients with delta HA intervals greater than -10 ms separate AV nodal reentry from orthodromic SVT incorporating a septal bypass tract, and no overlap exists between the 2 groups. This criterion may be useful in differentiating the mechanism of SVT in cases in which distinction is not possible by other methods.     

三磷酸腺苷诊断房室结双径路的价值

目的评价三磷酸腺苷(ATP)试验诊断房室结双径路的价值.方法对经心内电生理研究证实的慢快型房室结折返性心动过速21例(研究组)和同期无房室结双径路征象、且不能诱发房室结折返性心动过速的14例(对照组),在心房起搏下给予递增的ATP剂量.结果研究组中17例具有房室结双径路电生理征象(包括1例心内电生理研究时无房室结双径路征象),其中1例诱发房室结回波,3例诱发房室结折返性心动过速;对照组则均不显示房室结双径路征象、房室结回波或房室结折返性心动过速.ATP试验诊断房室结双径路的敏感性为80%,特异性为93%.结论三磷酸腺苷试验诊断房室结双径路有较高的价值.     

Transvenous cryothermal catheter ablation of re-entry circuit located near the atrioventricular junction in pediatric patients: efficacy, safety, and midterm follow-up

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of cryoablation in the treatment of pediatric patients with accessory pathways (APs) located near the atrioventricular junction and with atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). BACKGROUND: Few studies concern cryoablation in a significant number of pediatric patients involving treatment for supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) with the reentry circuit located near the atrioventricular junction. METHODS: Twenty-six pediatric patients (age range: 5 to 20 years) were treated; 14 had AVNRT, 10 had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and 2 had re-entrant SVT due to a concealed AP. Electrophysiologic study was performed with diagnostic catheters, and cryoablations were performed with a 7-F 4-mm-tip catheter (Freezor, CryoCath Technologies Inc., Kirkland, Canada). Cryomapping, used to identify the tissue site for safe arrhythmia ablation, was performed at -30 degrees C for a maximum of 60 s. Cryoablations were from 4 to 8 min long at -75 degrees C. Acute end points were noninducibility of AVNRT by programmed atrial stimulation at baseline or during isoproterenol performed 30 min after procedure, as well as noninducibility and conduction block over the AP. The chronic end point was arrhythmia recurrence after intervention. RESULTS: No permanent cryo-related complications or adverse outcomes were reported. Twenty-four (92%) patients were acutely successful. During follow-up (range: 1 to 22 months), seven (29%) acutely successful pediatric patients experienced arrhythmia recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Acute results demonstrate cryoablation of SVTs with the reentry circuit located near the atrioventricular junction to be safe and efficacious in pediatric patients. However, the etiology of recurrences reported after intervention need further investigation.     

High-frequency analysis of the surface electrocardiograms of patients with supraventricular tachycardia: accurate identification of atrial activation and determination of the mechanism of tachycardia

Signal processing of the electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in 24 patients in an attempt to locate the P wave and to characterize its morphology in three orthogonal planes. In patients with atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, a discrete atrial signal could be identified within the ST segment and/or T wave with inferior-to-superior orientation. Atrial activation was identified in patients with primary atrial tachycardia as long as there was a constant relationship between each QRS complex and the preceding atrial signal. Patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia were deduced to have simultaneous atrial and ventricular activation when no atrial signal could be seen elsewhere in the cycle. Mean maximum P wave amplitude was 25.4 +/- 6.3 microV during SVT, with a mean noise level below 1.0 microV. Signal processing of the ECG during SVT enhances the detection of the P wave and the appreciation of P wave morphology, both of which are important factors in the noninvasive determination of the electrophysiologic mechanisms of SVT.     

射频消融治疗儿童室上性心动过速的应用体会

目的　旨在探讨射频消融(RFCA)在治疗儿童室上性心动过速(SVT)中的应用价值。方法　我院自1998年8月～1999年12月用RFCA治疗小儿SVT共9例,其中男7例,女2例。年龄8～14岁。经检查无器质性心脏病。在骶管或局部麻醉下,经皮穿刺右颈内静脉、股静脉、股动脉插入四极电极导管,先行心内电生理检查明确心律失常电生理机制,后以大头导管精确定位标测,最后从小电能开始RF放电直至有效消融成功。结果　心内电生理检查结果示显性预激综合征6例(3例右侧,3例左侧),右侧隐匿性预激综合征1例,房室结双径路1例,持续性房室交界区反复性心动过速(PJRT)1例。RFCA治疗9例SVT,8例根治,1例复发,无严重并发症发生。结论　RFCA治疗儿童SVT疗效确切,创伤小,可重复应用。对顽固性SVT病儿,需终身服抗心律失常药物及影响儿童学习者通过RFCA可得到根治。然RFCA对幼小婴儿心肌的长远影响尚待积累更多的资料。