Impact of oral beta-blocker therapy on mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for Killip class 1 myocardial infarction

The use of beta-blockers therapy has been recommended to reduce mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which has become the mainstay of treatment for AMI, is associated with a lower mortality than fibrinolysis. The benefits of beta-blockers after primary PCI in AMI patients without pump failure are unclear. We hypothesized that oral beta-blocker therapy after primary PCI might reduce the mortality in AMI patients without pump failure. The assessment of lipophilic vs. hydrophilic statin therapy in acute myocardial infarction (ALPS-AMI) study was a multi-center study that enrolled 508 AMI patients to compare the efficacy of hydrophilic and lipophilic statins in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction. We prospectively tracked cardiovascular events for 3 years in 444 ALPS-AMI patients (median age 66 years; 18.2 % women) who had Killip class 1 on admission and were discharged alive. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The 3-year follow-up was completed in 413 patients (93.0 %). During this follow-up, 21 patients (4.7 %) died. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients on beta-blockers had a significantly lower incidence of all-cause mortality (2.7 vs. 7.3 %, log-rank p = 0.025). After adjusting for the calculated propensity score for using beta-blockers, their use remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.309; 95 % confidence interval 0.116–0.824; p = 0.019). In the statin era, the use of beta-blocker therapy after primary PCI is associated with lower mortality in AMI patients with Killip class 1 on admission.     

Does beta-blocker therapy improve clinical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction after successful primary angioplasty?

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine if beta-blocker therapy improves clinical outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: We have shown that pre-treatment with beta-blockers has a beneficial effect on short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI. It is unknown if beta-blocker therapy after successful primary PCI improves prognosis of AMI. METHODS: We analyzed clinical, angiographic, and outcomes data in 2442 patients who underwent successful primary PCI in the Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction-2 (PAMI-2), PAMI No Surgery-on-Site (PAMI noSOS), Stent PAMI, and Air PAMI trials. We classified patients into beta group (those who received beta-blockers after successful PCI, n = 1661) and no-beta group (n = 781). We compared death and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (death, reinfarction, and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization) at six months between groups receiving and not receiving beta-blockers. RESULTS: At six months, beta patients were less likely to die (2.2% vs. 6.6%, p < 0.0001) or experience MACE (14 vs. 17%, p = 0.036). In multivariate analysis, beta-blockers were independently associated with lower six-month mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26 to 0.73, p = 0.0016). Beta-blocker therapy was an independent predictor of lower six-month events in high-risk subgroups: ejection fraction 相似文献   

Impact of intravenous beta-blockade before primary angioplasty on survival in patients undergoing mechanical reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the effect of intravenous beta-blockers administered before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on survival and myocardial recovery after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND: Studies of primary PCI but not thrombolysis have suggested that beta-blocker administration before reperfusion may enhance survival. Whether oral beta-blocker use before admission modulates this effect is unknown. METHODS: The Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications (CADILLAC) trial randomized 2082 AMI patients to either stenting or balloon angioplasty, each +/- abciximab. In accordance with the protocol, intravenous beta-blockers were administered before PCI in the absence of contraindications. RESULTS: A total of 1136 patients (54.5%, BB+ group) received beta-blockers before PCI, whereas 946 (45.5%, BB- group) did not. The 30-day mortality was significantly lower in the BB+ group than in the BB- group (1.5% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.03), an effect entirely limited to patients who had not been receiving beta-blockers before admission (1.2% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.007). In contrast, no survival benefit with pre-procedural beta-blockers was observed in patients receiving beta-blockers at home (3.3% vs. 1.9%, respectively, p = 0.47). By multivariate analysis, pre-procedural beta-blocker use was an independent predictor of lower 30-day mortality among patients without previous beta-blocker therapy (relative risk = 0.38 [95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.87], p = 0.02). The improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to seven months was also greater after intravenous beta-blockers (3.8% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.01), an effect limited to patients not receiving oral beta-blockers before admission. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI, myocardial recovery is enhanced and 30-day mortality is reduced with pre-procedural intravenous beta-blockade, effects confined to patients untreated with oral beta-blocker medication before admission.     

Influence of left ventricular systolic function on the long-term benefit of beta-blockers after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

IntroductionBeta-blockers are recommended after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but their benefit in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is unclear.MethodsConsecutive patients discharged in sinus rhythm after STEMI between January 2010 and April 2015 were followed until December 2017. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 969 (99.7%, including 112 with rescue PCI) and three (0.3%) received only thrombolytic therapy without rescue PCI.ResultsOf these 972 patients, mean age 62.6±13.5 years, 212 (21.8%) were women and 835 (85.9%) were prescribed beta-blockers at discharge. Patients who did not receive beta-blockers had more comorbidities than those who did, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.6% vs. 4.2%), anemia (8.0% vs. 3.7%), and cancer (7.3% vs. 2.8%), and more frequently had inferior STEMI (75.9% vs. 56.0%) and high-grade atrioventricular block (13.1% vs. 5.3%) (all p<0.01). After a mean follow-up of 49.6±24.9 months, beta-blocker treatment at discharge was independently associated with lower mortality (HR 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38-0.96, p=0.03). This effect was present in 192 patients with LVEF ≤40% (HR 0.57, 95% 95% CI 0.34-0.97, p=0.04) but was not clear in 643 patients with LVEF >40% (HR 0.67, 95% 95% CI 0.25-1.76, p=0.42).ConclusionIn the LVEF >40% group, the results raise reasonable doubts about the real benefit of systematic use of beta-blockers as treatment for these patients. These findings reinforce the need for large randomized clinical trials within this group of patients.     

Communitywide trends in the use and outcomes associated with beta-blockers in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the Worcester Heart Attack Study

BACKGROUND: Despite the benefits associated with beta-blocker therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), limited recent data are available describing the extent of use of this therapy and the associated hospital and long-term outcomes, particularly from the perspective of a population-based study. Data are also limited about the characteristics of patients with AMI who do not receive beta-blockers. This study examines more than 2 decades of trends in the use of beta-blockers in hospitalized patients with AMI. METHODS: Communitywide study of 10,374 patients hospitalized with confirmed AMI in all metropolitan Worcester hospitals during 12 annual periods between 1975 and 1999. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in the use of beta-blockers in hospitalized patients between 1975 (11%) and 1999 (82%). Older patients, women, and patients with comorbidities were significantly less likely to be treated with beta-blockers. After controlling for other prognostic factors, patients treated with beta-blockers were less likely to develop heart failure (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.63), cardiogenic shock (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39-0.54), and primary ventricular fibrillation (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65-1.08) and were less likely to die (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.22-0.29) during hospitalization than were patients who did not receive this therapy. Patients who used beta-blockers during hospitalization had significantly lower death rates after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this observational study demonstrate encouraging trends in the use of beta-blockers in hospitalized patients with AMI and document the benefits to be gained from this treatment.     

In-hospital outcome of primary PCI for patients with acute myocardial infarction and prior coronary artery bypass grafting

BackgroundThis study aims to analyze the in-hospital outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsThis was a retrospective study. From January 2011 to December 2018, the data of 78 consecutive patients (study group) with prior CABG, who received primary coronary angiography in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), were screened. The study group was compared with another well-matched 78 patients without a history of CABG (control group). The information of the coronary angiograms and clinical data of both groups were analyzed. Multivariate conditional logistic regression models were constructed to test the association between PCI success rate and the prior CABG at age ≥65 and <65 years, respectively.ResultsThe results revealed that the primary PCI success rate in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (67.9% vs. 92.3%, P<0.001) and in-hospital mortality was significantly higher than in control group (11.5% vs. 2.5%, P=0.03). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the primary PCI success rate was significantly associated with the history of prior CABG both in young patients [age <65 years; odds ratio (OR) =5.26, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.69–16.47] and elderly (age ≥65 years; OR =13.76, 95% CI: 2.72–69.75).ConclusionsThe patients who receive primary PCI with AMI and prior CABG have poor in-hospital outcomes, with low PCI success rates and high mortality.     

Assessment of right ventricular function after successful revascularization for acute anterior myocardial infarction without right ventricular infarction by echocardiography

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) involvement in acute left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction (MI) is frequently underestimated in the clinical setting owing to the diagnostic limitations of the electrocardiogram and echocardiography.ObjectiveTo assess RV function in patients presented with first acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and factors affecting it.MethodsForty consecutive patients with anterior STEMI who underwent successful primary PCI were enrolled in the study. Presence of a coexisting clinical condition that might affect RV function, patients with RV infarction or those having significant stenosis (>50%) affecting RV branch or right coronary artery proximal to RV branch were excluded. Echocardiography was performed during the hospital stay to assess the LV and RV systolic and diastolic function with special focus on tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV end-diastolic dimension, right atrial area, RV fractional area change, and tissue Doppler-derived myocardial performance index.Results and ConclusionRV dysfunction according to our definition in the first anterior MI occurred in (55%) of the study population. Independent predictors for abnormal RV function were left circumflex artery mid or proximal affection, eventful procedure, occurrence of no reflow, glucose level, LV end-systolic dimension, LV end-diastolic dimension, and LV ejection fraction.     

Comparison between type-2 and type-1 myocardial infarction: clinical features, treatment strategies and outcomes

Objective To assess the differences in incidence, clinical features, current treatment strategies and outcome in patients with type-2 vs. type-1 acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods We included 824 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of type-1 or type-2 AMI. During index hospitalization, clinical features and treatment strategies were collected in detail. At 1-year follow-up, mortality, stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction and major bleeding were recorded. Results Type-1 AMI was present in 707 (86%) of the cases while 117 (14%) were classified as type-2. Patients with type-2 AMI were more frequently female and had higher co-morbidities such as diabetes, previous non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, impaired renal function, anaemia, atrial fibrillation and malignancy. However, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and normal coronary arteries were more frequently seen, an invasive treatment was less common, and anti-platelet medications, statins and beta-blockers were less prescribed in patients with type-2 AMI. At 1-year follow-up, type-2 AMI was associated with a higher crude mortality risk (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14?2.68; P = 0.001), but this association did not remain significant after multivariable adjustment (P = 0.785). Furthermore, we did not find type-2 AMI to be associated with other clinical outcomes. Conclusions In this real-life population, compared with type-1, type-2 AMI were predominantly women and had more co-morbidities. Invasive treatment strategies and cardioprotective medications were less used in type-2, while the 1-year clinical outcomes were similar.     

Infarct Size as Predictor of Systolic Functional Recovery after Myocardial Infarction

Background

The effects of modern therapy on functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are unknown.

Objectives

To evaluate the predictors of systolic functional recovery after anterior wall AMI in patients undergoing modern therapy (reperfusion, aggressive platelet antiaggregant therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers).

Methods

A total of 94 consecutive patients with AMI with ST-segment elevation were enrolled. Echocardiograms were performed during the in-hospital phase and after 6 months. Systolic dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction value < 50%.

Results

In the initial echocardiogram, 64% of patients had systolic dysfunction. Patients with ventricular dysfunction had greater infarct size, assessed by the measurement of total and isoenzyme MB creatine kinase enzymes, than patients without dysfunction. Additionally, 24.5% of patients that initially had systolic dysfunction showed recovery within 6 months after AMI. Patients who recovered ventricular function had smaller infarct sizes, but larger values of ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time than patients without recovery. At the multivariate analysis, it can be observed that infarct size was the only independent predictor of functional recovery after 6 months of AMI when adjusted for age, gender, ejection fraction and E-wave deceleration time.

Conclusion

In spite of aggressive treatment, systolic ventricular dysfunction remains a frequent event after the anterior wall myocardial infarction. Additionally, 25% of patients show functional recovery. Finally, infarct size was the only significant predictor of functional recovery after six months of acute myocardial infarction.     

The potential impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on ventricular septal rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that the risk of acquired ventricular septal defect (VSD), a complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), could be reduced using thrombolytic therapy. There are, however, still no available data regarding the potential impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on AMI-related VSD in a clinical setting. The purposes of this study were to delineate the incidence and the potential risk factors of AMI-related VSD in the Chinese population, and to determine whether primary PCI could reduce such risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: From May 1993 through March 2003, a total of 1,321 patients with AMI (for < 12 h) underwent primary PCI in our hospital. Of these 1,321 patients, 3 patients (0.23%) developed VSD after undergoing a primary PCI, with a mean (+/- SD) time of occurrence of 25.3 +/- 12.2 h. During the same period, a total of 616 consecutive, unselected patients with early AMI [ie, > 12 h and < or = 7 days] or recent myocardial infarction (MI) [ie, > or = 8 days and < 30 days] who had not received thrombolytic therapy underwent elective PCI. Of these 616 patients, 18 (2.9%) had VSD either on presentation or during hospitalization, with a mean time of occurrence of 71.1 +/- 64.2 h. Clinical variables were utilized to statistically analyze the potential risk factors. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the enrollment variables strongly related to this complication were advanced age, hypertension, nonsmokers, anterior infarction, female gender, and lower body mass index (BMI) [all p < 0.005]. Using multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis, the only variables independently related to VSD were advanced age, female gender, anterior infarction, and low BMI (all p < 0.05). The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with this complication than in patients without this complication (47.6% vs 8.0%; p < 0.0001). The incidence of this complication was significantly lower in patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI than in those with early or recent MI who underwent elective PCI (3.0% vs 0.23%, respectively; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Primary PCI had a striking impact on reducing the incidence of VSD after AMI compared to elective PCI in patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Advanced age, female gender, anterior infarction, and low BMI had potentially increased the risk of this catastrophic complication after AMI in this Chinese population.     

The expression of myeloperoxidase in thrombi is associated with reduced heme oxygenase‐1 induction and worse left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction

BackgroundMyeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by neutrophils is the enzyme that kills bacteria and other pathogens. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is usually caused by thrombosis in response to vulnerable plaque rupture. Circulating MPO was found to be associated with increased mortality in AMI patients. However, the relationship between MPO in thrombi and the prognosis of AMI patients remains unknown.HypothesisMPO expression in thrombi is associated with the prognosis of patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after AMI.MethodsThis study included 41 consecutive patients with acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, who successfully underwent primary PCI, during which we collected thrombi remaining in the culprit artery using aspiration catheters. These thrombus samples were fixed, and immunohistochemical staining against MPO and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was conducted. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups based on the induction of thrombotic MPO, which was quantified using Image J software.MethodsWe observed that increased MPO was associated with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and worse LV remodeling in AMI patients. Instead, patients with decreased thrombotic MPO induction had a considerable improvement in LVEF 1 month after discharge (54.4 ± 2.0% vs. 61.1 ± 2.3%, p < 0.01). In the MPO group, a reduction in the thrombotic HO‐1 level contributed to the development of adverse LV remodeling. Logistic regression showed that MPO was a considerable risk factor for adverse LV remodeling (adjusted OR 3.70, p < 0.05).ConclusionMPO expression in thrombi is associated with reduced LVEF and deteriorated LV remodeling in AMI patients, which may be due to HO‐1 suppression in thrombi.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiogenic shock complicating acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction-a single centre experience

BackgroundMortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) approaches 70 – 80%, regardless of the type of pharmacological treatment. Early revascularisation improves survival in AMI with CS. Our aim is to assess the predictors of mid-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and CS.MethodsForty-one patients who underwent primary or rescue PCI for CS were analysed comparing their baseline, angiographic, PCI data, 30-day and 1-year survival.ResultsThere were no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors in baseline characters, except for more number of transfer admissions (P= 0.0005), and cardiopulmonary resuscitations (P= 0.015) in the later group. The mean time between myocardial infarction (MI) onset to shock and MI onset to revascularisation were 12.8 ± 12.9 hours and 17.0 ± 16.8 hours, respectively. Patients with better pre-procedure thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) had better survival (P= 0.0005). Successful PCI was achieved in 48.8% of patients. The 30-day mortality was 56.1% and all were prior to hospital discharge. Patients with successful PCI had better short-term survival in comparison with patients with failed PCI (80% vs 9.6%). Eighteen patients who survived at 30 days were followed up for 12–72 months (mean 28.5 ± 5.4 months). Fifteen patients survived at 1 year after PCI and all were in good functional status.ConclusionMortality remains high even with PCI. Achieving IRA patency with TIMI 3 flow is the main determinant of survival. Survival and functional status are good in patients who are discharged from hospital.     

急诊PCI对急性心肌梗死合并新发右束支传导阻滞患者左室重构的影响

目的探讨急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对急性心肌梗死合并新发右束支传导阻滞患者左室重构的影响。方法86例新发右束支传导阻滞的AMI患者随机分为急诊PCI治疗组（45例，观察组）及静脉溶栓治疗组（41例，对照组），分别于人院后24h、I周、1个月及3月行超声心动图检查，测量左心室舒张末期容积指数、左心室收缩末期容积指数和左心室射血分数。结果急诊PCI组与静脉溶栓治疗组于术后1个月及3个月左心室容积均减小，左心室射血分数升高；术后3个月两组左心室舒张期末容积指数[（63．4±5．8）ml／m^2比（67．3±6．4）ml／m^2]、左心室收缩期末容积指数[（30．5±3．4）ml/m^2比（34．6±4．0）ml／m^2]和左心室射血分数[（0．53±0．04）％比（0．50±0．02）％]，差异有统计学意义。结论急诊PCI治疗可明显抑制新发右束支传导阻滞的急性心肌梗死患者左室重构，改善左心室功能。     

Impacto del uso de ultrasonido intravascular en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y alto riesgo isquémico

Introduction and objectivesEvidence for the role of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients at high ischemic risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the long-term clinical impact of IVUS-guided PCI in patients at high ischemic risk of AMI.MethodsAmong 13 104 patients with AMI enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health, we selected 8890 patients who underwent successful PCI with second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation and classified them into 2 groups based on whether or not they were at high ischemic risk or not, defined as any of the following: number of stents implanted ≥ 3, 3 vessels treated, ≥ 3 lesions treated, total stent length > 60 mm, left main PCI, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. The primary outcome was target lesion failure including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization at 3 years.ResultsIn 4070 AMI patients at high ischemic risk, IVUS-guided PCI (21.6%) was associated with a significantly lower risk of target lesion failure at 3 years (6.7% vs 12.0%; HR, 0.54; 95%CI, 0.41-0.72; P < .001) than angiography-guided PCI. The results were consistent after confounder adjustment, inversed probability weighting, and propensity score matching.ConclusionsIn patients at high ischemic risk of AMI who underwent PCI with second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation, use of IVUS guidance was associated with a significant reduction in 3-year target lesion failure.iCreaT study No. C110016.     

急性心肌梗死后延迟冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效

目的评价急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)后进行延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(delayed percutaneous coronary intervention,dPCI)对心肌梗死患者的治疗效果。方法dPCI组选择ST段抬高的AMI56例,各例于发病后7～14d实施dPCI,对照组为同期入院而未进行PCI治疗的ST段抬高的AMI47例。两组均常规应用药物治疗。观察住院期间和随访6个月时的主要心血管事件和超声心动图的变化。结果6个月时dPCI组左心室舒张末容积指数(left ventricular end-diastolic volumeindex,LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index,LVESVI)及左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左心室室壁节段运动评分指数(left ventricular wall motion score index,WMSI)及异常室壁节段恢复率优于对照组,dPCI组总临床事件发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论dPCI可有效抑制左心室重构和改善左心室功能,可能有利于减少远期心力衰竭的发生。     

左旋卡尼汀对急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的心肌保护作用

目的在急性心肌梗死(AMI)接受直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的患者中,评价国产左旋卡尼汀(L-carnitine,L-CN)对缺血-再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用。方法连续入选发病12h内ST段抬高AMI接受PCI的患者42例,随机分L-CN治疗组22例和对照组20例。观察肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心肌TMP分级、术中再灌注心律失常、低血压、心电图ST段回落>50%、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和射血分数(LVEF)的改变。结果与对照组比较,L-CN治疗组CK-MB峰值明显减低,达峰时间提前;术中出现再灌注心律失常、低血压的比例明显减少;术后1h ST段回落>50%的患者比例明显增多;术后3个月时LVEDD仅轻度增大,LVEF显著升高。结论左旋卡尼汀对AMI直接PCI治疗患者的心肌具有抑制再灌注损伤、缩小梗死面积、改善心室重构等多重保护作用。     

Diver C.E.抽吸导管对急性心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗中应用Diver C.E.血栓抽吸导管对改善心肌组织灌注及临床预后的作用。方法 72例急性心肌梗死患者按电脑随机数字法分为Diver C.E.+PCI组(36例)和传统PCI治疗组(36例),对两组之间的冠状动脉造影结果[心肌梗死溶栓试验(thrombolysis in myocardial infarction,TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注(TIMI myocardial perfusion,TMP)血流]、心电图ST段回落百分比(sumSTR)和临床结果(肌酸激酶和肌酸激酶同工酶峰值、术后1周左心室射血分数、12个月主要心血管事件)进行分析比较。结果 Diver C.E.+PCI组与单纯PCI组比较,TIMI分级及TMP分级均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);肌酸激酶[(1486.6±73.7)U/L vs.(1835.9±84.5)U/L,P0.01]和肌酸激酶同工酶[(129.6±26.5)U/L vs.(246.8±29.3)U/L,P0.01]峰值明显降低;ST段回落幅度大(66.6%±29.3%vs.41.8%±33.6%,P0.01);近期左心室射血分数增高(57.9%±4.8%vs.52.3%±4.7%,P0.01);左心室舒张末期内径减少[(48.6±5.8)mm vs.(56.6±5.3)mm,P0.01];两组住院期间均无主要心血管事件发生。结论在急性心肌梗死急诊PCI治疗中应用Diver C.E.血栓抽吸导管安全可行,有效的清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注及术后心脏功能,并且不增加主要心血管事件的发生率。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗对心功能的影响

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）后行急诊经皮冠状动脉成形术（PCI）和行择期PCI治疗的近期疗效和安全性。方法：248例AMI患者被分为两组,急诊PCI组19例,择期PCI组229例。对两组患者住院期间用药情况及PCI后心功能进行分析。结果：两组患者术后心功能各项指标均明显改善,与择期PCI组相比,急诊PCI组左室射血分数明显提高[（52.7±6.3）%比（54.1±2.7）%],左室舒张末内径明显减小[（48.8±1.7）mm比（47.8±2.4）mm],P均〈0.05。结论：急性心肌梗死后行急诊经皮冠状动脉成形术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗手段,可以防止再梗死和心肌缺血,进一步改善心功能。     

Predictors and long-term prognosis of left ventricular aneurysm in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the contemporary era

BackgroundPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the standard reperfusion strategy for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the contemporary era. Meanwhile, the incidence and prognosis of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) in AMI patients remain ambiguous. The aim of the current study is to identify the predictor and long-term prognosis of LVA in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 942 consecutive patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction who were treated by primary PCI. The baseline characteristics, procedural features, and one-year clinical outcomes were compared between the patients with and without LVA. The primary endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel revascularization, and ischemic stroke. Multiple logistic regression was applied to predict LVA formation and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the accuracy of the multivariate analysis model.ResultsThe general incidence of LVA was 15.92%. At one-year clinical follow-up, patients in the LVA group had significantly higher incidence of MACCEs (15.33% vs. 6.44%, P<0.01), mainly driven by an increased incidence of cardiac death (8.00% vs. 2.78%, P<0.01), target vessel revascularization (5.33% vs. 2.27%, P=0.03), and ischemic stroke (4.00% vs. 1.39%, P=0.03). Multivariate analysis found that longer symptom-to-balloon time (S2B) [odds ratio (OR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.21, P<0.01], higher initial and residual SYNTAX score (iSS, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.14–1.24, P<0.01; rSS, OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.22–1.45, P<0.01), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11–1.18, P<0.01), and persistent ST segment elevation (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06–3.38, P=0.03) were independent predictors of LVA formation.ConclusionsLVA is still common in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction in the contemporary PCI era, and the prognosis of these patients was significantly worse during the one-year clinical follow-up. Strategies of prompt reperfusion and complete revascularization may be helpful in preventing LVA formation and improving clinical outcomes.