改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂手术效果的评价与分析

目的:通过对2007年6月～2009年6月就诊于解放军第537医院口腔科的40例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为临床工作术式选择提供依据。方法:对40例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后语音恢复情况进行评估分析,并行频谱分析,测出前3个共振峰F1、F2、F3的数据,与40例正常儿童对照。结果:在40例行语音清晰度检查的患者中,有82.5%手术后的患儿达到70分以上;在行频谱分析检查中,F1值两组患儿无统计学差异,F2、F3两组间有显著性差异。结论:改良兰氏法能在一定程度上改善患者语音功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂手术效果的评价与分析

目的:通过对2007年6月～2009年6月就诊于解放军第537医院口腔科的40例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为临床工作术式选择提供依据。方法:对40例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后语音恢复情况进行评估分析,并行频谱分析,测出前3个共振峰F1、F2、F3的数据,与40例正常儿童对照。结果:在40例行语音清晰度检查的患者中,有82.5%手术后的患儿达到70分以上;在行频谱分析检查中,F1值两组患儿无统计学差异,F2、F3两组间有显著性差异。结论:改良兰氏法能在一定程度上改善患者语音功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

兰氏法修复60例不完全性腭裂效果的回顾性分析

目的：通过对2006年3月～2008年3月就诊于第四军医大学口腔医学院60例行改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者进行回访,评估该法临床治疗效果,为临床工作提供参考。方法：对60例改良兰氏法修复不完全性腭裂患者术后语音恢复情况进行评估分析,并做鼻咽内窥镜检查,统计腭咽闭合完全（Velopharyngeal competence,VPC）和腭咽闭合不全（Velopharyngeal incompetence,VPI）分别所占的比率。结果：在60例行语音清晰度检查的患者中,有78.3%手术后的患儿达到70分以上;在行鼻咽镜检查的46例患儿中,84.8%的术后患儿恢复了腭咽闭合功能。结论：改良兰氏法能有效改善患者腭咽闭合（Velopharyngeal,VP）功能,是一种较好的不完全性腭裂患者的修复术式。     

改良兰氏+反向双Z法腭裂手术对患儿发音影响的临床研究

目的:探讨改良兰氏+反向双Z法腭裂手术对患儿发音的影响。方法:选取2013年2月-2016年1月行改良兰氏法+软腭双层"Z"形三角瓣修复法的30例腭裂患儿为观察组,选取既往予以兰氏两瓣法进行治疗的30例腭裂患儿为对照组。比较两组患儿手术前后腭咽闭合不全率、元音[i]的第二共振峰(F2)、第三共振峰(F3)、F1振幅能量值(A1)、辅音样本冲直条、擦音乱纹出现率以及语音清晰度。结果:两组患儿术后腭咽闭合不全率均低于术前(P0.05);观察组患儿术后腭咽闭合不全率低于对照组(P0.05)。与手术前相比,两组患儿术后F2、F3高于术前,A1低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患儿术后F2、F3高于对照组,A1低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿术后辅音样本冲直条、擦音乱纹出现率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患儿术后语音清晰度均高于手术前(P0.05);观察组患儿术后语音清晰度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腭裂手术软腭延长能有效改善腭裂患儿腭咽闭合功能,改善发音。     

兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿语音清晰度对比

目的比较兰氏和双反Z法腭裂修复术后患儿的语音清晰度,寻找重建腭咽闭合的最佳手术方法。方法选取2009年至2013年在我院口腔颌面外科就诊的先天性软腭裂患儿69例,其中行双反Z法腭裂修复术35例(双反Z法组),行兰氏法腭裂修复术34例(兰氏法组)。患儿3.5岁后随访,由3名语音师进行单盲性审听,比较两组患儿术后语音清晰度。结果语音测评结果显示,双反Z法组患儿术后患者语音清晰度平均达到88.72%±6.05%,明显高于兰氏法组的71.31%±3.46%,语音改善明显。结论双反Z法能够充分缩小咽腔、延长软腭,重建软腭肌肉结构,更有利于恢复良好的腭咽闭合功能。     

大龄腭裂患者两种手术模式的临床评估

目的 探讨不同年龄腭裂患者的手术治疗模式,以提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.方法 2010年5月至2012年4月,52例大龄腭裂患者按年龄不同分为A组(8～16岁,n=18)和B组(16岁以上,n=34),A组进行改良兰氏法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,B组进行改良兰氏法同期咽后壁瓣咽成形术.所有患者术后随访10～18个月,观察创口愈合情况、语音清晰度、高低鼻音、鼻漏气及鼻咽纤维内镜检查情况.结果 语音评估显示,A组和B组患者高鼻音和鼻漏气程度均显著下降,语音清晰度提高;32例患者术后腭咽闭合完全,余20例患者术后虽仍有腭咽闭合不全,但在鼻咽纤维镜下腭咽闭合率达80％以上.结论 针对不同年龄的腭裂患者制定个体化手术方式,可显著提高腭裂患者术后腭咽闭合率和语音清晰度.     

CSL评估腭帆提肌重建术修复大龄腭裂患者的语音效果

目的:探讨腭帆提肌重建术式对大龄单侧完全型腭裂患者术后语音效果的影响。方法:选择42例大龄单侧完全型腭裂患者,随机分成A组(腭帆提肌重建组)、B组(兰氏法组),再设定C组(正常对照组)。按分组分别采用腭帆提肌重建术、兰氏法修复腭裂。应用计算机语音工作站(computer speech lab,CSL),对A、B组手术前后及C组的语音情况进行检测、评估。结果:所有患者均达到临床Ⅰ期愈合,A组术后语音清晰者的比例为73.7%,B组为40.0%,C组为93.3%;各组间[a]、[e]、[i]、[o]、[u]F1的平均值无显著差异(P0.05);A、B组术后单元音[e]、[i]、[o]、[u]F2、F3的平均值均显著升高,且A组明显高于B组,有显著差异(P0.05),元音[a]差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腭帆提肌重建术修复大龄单侧完全型腭裂能显著改善患者的语音,优于兰氏法。通过CSL对语音频谱的分析,能正确评估腭裂患者手术效果。     

重建腭咽部肌肉对腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合状况的影响

目的 通过两组不同腭裂修复术后患者的X线造影比较观察，了解腭咽部肌肉重建对腭咽闭合状况的影响。方法 将62例腭裂及腭咽闭合不全患者分为腭咽部肌肉重建腭裂修复组(重建组)和改良兰氏腭裂修复术(非重建组)，并采用鼻咽部钡造影X线侧位片检查摄取静止和发Ⅲ音时的侧位片，对鼻咽腔面积、可移动鼻咽腔距离及腭咽闭合方式进行观察和测量，所得数据进行统计学处理。结果 重建组在腭咽闭合功能、鼻咽腔面积缩小率、静态可移动鼻咽腔中份腭咽距离和静、动态可移动鼻咽腔下份腭咽距离等方面优于非重建组，并可形成多种形式的咽后隆突-软腭闭合方式；非重建组腭咽闭合完全良好的患者在鼻咽腔面积缩小率方面要优于腭咽闭合不良的患者。结论 腭裂修复术后腭咽闭合的主要功能区在可移动鼻咽腔中份。腭裂修复术时重建腭咽肌肉有助于缩小鼻咽腔面积和提供协调的腭咽闭合活动。     

单侧单瓣法与两瓣法在腭裂手术治疗中的对比研究

目的：通过比较单侧单瓣法与两瓣法两种术式,分析总结何种术式更适用于腭裂的治疗。方法：50例腭裂患者25例采用单侧单瓣法（单侧完全性15例,不完全性10例）,25例采用两瓣法（单侧完全性16例,不完全性9例）施行手术,多方面分析比较。结果：单侧单瓣法在术中平均失血量,手术平均操作时间,术后3日内平均体温,术后平均用药天数等方面较两瓣法有显著性差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。腭咽闭合功能改善情况使用吹水泡试验和现代汉语语音清晰度字表测定两种方法进行评价,统计学分析均无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：单侧单瓣法是一种值得在临床上开展的具有可行性的腭裂手术治疗术式。     

改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣转移修复大龄腭裂患者的临床研究

目的:探讨改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术治疗大龄腭裂患者的临床效果,为改善和提高大龄腭裂患者术后的腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度提供更多的临床参考。方法:对33例非综合征大龄腭裂患者行改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术,术后6～12个月进行随访,对其腭咽闭合率及语音清晰度进行评估。结果:所有患者均达到临床I期愈合,其中14例达到腭咽闭合完全(velopharynegeal competence,VPC),4例达到边缘性腭咽闭合,15例腭咽闭合不全率(rate of velopharyngeal incompetence,RVPI)明显改善,术后语音清晰度均有提高。结论:改良兰式法同期腭咽肌瓣咽成形术具有创伤小、时间短、并发症较少、术后效果稳定可靠,可作为大龄腭裂患者的一种常规术式选择。     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.