Preparation,characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of chitosan hydrogels containing silver nanoparticles

Hydrogels, chitosan as well as silver nanoparticles become in recent years materials characterized by a great interest. In present paper hydrogel based on chitosan and containing mentioned type of nano-sized particles have been synthesized by means of photopolymerization. Sorption capacity in selected liquids as well as behavior in simulated body fluid (such as Ringer’s liquid) have been determined. Particularly attention was paid to the studies on toxicity of the hydrogels in relation to the epidermal cells as well as on their impact on growth of selected strain of bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, impact of introduction of nanosilver into hydrogel matrix on its properties has also been defined. Surface morphology of attained hydrogels by means of SEM analysis and chemical structure using spectroscopy have been checked. The most interesting conclusion is the fact that proposed chitosan based hydrogels modified with nanosilver do not affect negatively on epidermal cells. However, they inhibit a growth of E. coli. These two observations make them very interesting from the medical point of view.     

Synthesis,characterization, and biological activity of cross-linked chitosan biguanidine loaded with silver nanoparticles

Chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride (ChG) and glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan biguanidine (CChG) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analyses (TGA and DTA). The results showed that ChG and CChG had a more amorphous structure than that of chitosan, and their thermal stability were slightly lower than that of chitosan. Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using borohydride reduction method and then investigated as fillers in partially cross-linked chitosan biguanidine. The obtained nanoparticles were uniform and spherical with average size of 9.6 ± 0.5 nm. The prepared CChG/AgNPs composites were characterized for their morphology, thermal properties, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. The SEM images showed that the AgNPs are well imbedded in the CChG matrix. The thermal stability of CChG was improved with incorporation of AgNPs. The CChG and CChG/AgNPs showed less cytotoxicity to breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Compared with chitosan and CChG, the ChG and CChG/AgNPs showed better antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli as Gram-negative bacteria and Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotricum candidum and Syncephalastrum recemosum as fungi.     

Nitric oxide-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides as antibacterial agents

Secondary amine-functionalized chitosan oligosaccharides of different molecular weights (i.e., ∼2500, 5000, 10,000) were synthesized by grafting 2-methyl aziridine from the primary amines on chitosan oligosaccharides, followed by reaction with nitric oxide (NO) gas under basic conditions to yield N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors. The total NO storage, maximum NO flux, and half-life of the resulting NO-releasing chitosan oligosaccharides were controlled by the molar ratio of 2-methyl aziridine to primary amines (e.g., 1:1, 2:1) and the functional group surrounding the N-diazeniumdiolates (e.g., polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains), respectively. The secondary amine-modified chitosan oligosaccharides greatly increased the NO payload over existing biodegradable macromolecular NO donors. In addition, the water-solubility of the chitosan oligosaccharides enabled their penetration across the extracellular polysaccharides matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and association with embedded bacteria. The effectiveness of these chitosan oligosaccharides at biofilm eradication was shown to depend on both the molecular weight and ionic characteristics. Low molecular weight and cationic chitosan oligosaccharides exhibited rapid association with bacteria throughout the entire biofilm, leading to enhanced biofilm killing. At concentrations resulting in 5-log killing of bacteria in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilms, the NO-releasing and control chitosan oligosaccharides elicited no significant cytotoxicity to mouse fibroblast L929 cells in vitro.     

壳聚糖纳米粒子基因载体的研究现状

背景：壳聚糖纳米粒子因其独有特性作为基因载体的研究日益增多。 目的：综述了壳聚糖纳米粒子作为基因载体的研究进展,进一步促进基因治疗的效果。 方法：应用计算机检索web of science数据库和中国学术期刊数据库中2000-01/2011-04关于壳聚糖及其衍生物作为基因载体研究的文章,在标题和摘要中以“chitosan,gene”或 “壳聚糖;基因”为检索词进行检索。选择内容与基因载体和壳聚糖相关的文章,初检得到120篇文献,根据纳入标准选择31篇文章进行综述。 结果与结论：壳聚糖基因纳米粒子作为非病毒基因述文章的数量、主要结载体将在基因治疗领域中发挥举足轻重的作用,今后壳聚糖转基因体系的研究将更为深入。如何标记、可视跟踪壳聚糖DNA复合物进入不同细胞的过程,明确其基因转染机制,进一步提高基因转染效率,使其尽快进入基因治疗临床应用是今后研究的主要方向。     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇（PEG）化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性。方法采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒（报告基因）;对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用。结果喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26％,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63．4％。结论对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用。     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒的制备及其转染的研究

目的:制备壳聚糖纳米粒并构建聚乙二醇(PEG)化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒,研究其对大鼠主动脉内皮细胞的转染能力及细胞毒性.方法:采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒,应用喷金扫描电子显微镜检测壳聚糖纳米粒粒径的分布与形态;通过静电吸附作用连接上pGenesil-1质粒(报告基岗);对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行PEG化的修饰;应用PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法测定壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞的毒性作用.结果:喷金扫描电镜检测显示壳聚糖纳米粒呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,平均直径为5 nm;PEG化壳聚糖质粒纳米粒能转染大鼠主动脉内皮细胞;MTT结果显示壳聚糖纳米粒对细胞无毒性作用;壳聚糖质粒纳米粒对内皮细胞的转染效率为26%,PEG修饰壳聚糖质粒纳米粒转染细胞,转染率为63.4%.结论:对壳聚糖质粒纳米粒进行化学修饰不仅能提高其转染效率,且对细胞无毒性作用.     

Galactosylated chitosan/DNA nanoparticles prepared using water-soluble chitosan as a gene carrier

Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) was used to increase the stability of chitosan in water and decrease the cytotoxicity induced by acetic acid. Lactobionic acid (LA) bearing galactose group was coupled with WSC for hepatocytes specificity. The composition of galactose in galactosylated chitosan (GC) was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The GC was complexed with plasmid DNA in various GC/DNA (N/P) charge ratios and the resulting complex was characterized by dynamic light scattering, gel retardation, and turbidity to determine the particle sizes, complex formation, and complex stability, respectively. Cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency of GC were also studied in cultured HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cell line and HeLa human cervix epithelial carcinoma cells. The complete GC/DNA complex was formed at the charge ratio of 5 and the GC/DNA complex to DNase I resistance was obtained. Particle sizes decreased with increasing charge ratio of GC to DNA and had a minimum value around 120 nm at the charge ratio of 5. And no significant difference in particle sizes from the charge ratio of 5-20 was found. The suspension of GC/DNA complexes exhibited no significant change in turbidity at the charge ratios of 10, indicating the complete shielding of DNA charge. Cytotoxicity study showed that GC prepared by the water-soluble chitosan had no cytotoxic effects on cells. And transfection efficiency into HepG2, which has asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP-R), was higher than that into HeLa without ASGP-R.     

壳聚糖及其纳米粒子在组织工程中的应用

壳聚糖由于其生物学特性而受到广泛关注,纳米材料在生物医学领域中表现出良好的应用前景。对壳聚糖纳米粒子的制备方法和壳聚糖及其纳米粒子在组织工程中的应用进行了综述。     

RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子的体外实验研究

目的 将Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)肽偶联到壳聚糖(cH)材料表面,并制备成包载质粒DNA的纳米粒子,以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载质粒DNA作为对照,进行体外内皮细胞转染,观察其是否能提高对内皮细胞的转染效率.方法 以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)为偶联剂,通过酰胺键将RGD肽偶联到壳聚糖表面,对其进行表征,并以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖作为对照,制备载pEGFP-C1质粒DNA纳米粒子,比较2者对Hy926细胞的转染效率.结果 壳聚糖-RGD(CH-RGD)载基因纳米粒子转染Hy926细胞的效率明显高于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子(35.7%vs 14.3%,P<0.001).结论 RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子可用于体外细胞转染,其对细胞的转染效率明显优于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖.     

RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子的体外实验研究

目的将Arg—Gly—Asp（RGD）肽偶联到壳聚糖（CH）材料表面,并制备成包载质粒DNA的纳米粒子,以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载质粒DNA作为对照,进行体外内皮细胞转染,观察其是否能提高对内皮细胞的转染效率。方法以1-乙基-3-（3-二甲基氨基丙基）碳化二亚胺盐酸盐（EDC）和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺（NHS）为偶联剂,通过酰胺键将RGD肽偶联到壳聚糖表面,对其进行表征,并以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖作为对照,制备载pEGFP-C1质粒DNA纳米粒子,比较2者对Hy926细胞的转染效率。结果壳聚糖-RGD（CH-RGD）载基因纳米粒子转染Hy926细胞的效率明显高于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子（35．7％VS14．3％．P〈0．001）。结论RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子可用于体外细胞转染,其对细胞的转染效率明显优于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖。     

RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子的体外实验研究

目的 将Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)肽偶联到壳聚糖(cH)材料表面,并制备成包载质粒DNA的纳米粒子,以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载质粒DNA作为对照,进行体外内皮细胞转染,观察其是否能提高对内皮细胞的转染效率.方法 以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)为偶联剂,通过酰胺键将RGD肽偶联到壳聚糖表面,对其进行表征,并以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖作为对照,制备载pEGFP-C1质粒DNA纳米粒子,比较2者对Hy926细胞的转染效率.结果 壳聚糖-RGD(CH-RGD)载基因纳米粒子转染Hy926细胞的效率明显高于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子(35.7%vs 14.3%,P<0.001).结论 RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子可用于体外细胞转染,其对细胞的转染效率明显优于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖.     

RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子的体外实验研究

目的 将Arg-Gly-Asp(RGD)肽偶联到壳聚糖(cH)材料表面,并制备成包载质粒DNA的纳米粒子,以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载质粒DNA作为对照,进行体外内皮细胞转染,观察其是否能提高对内皮细胞的转染效率.方法 以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)为偶联剂,通过酰胺键将RGD肽偶联到壳聚糖表面,对其进行表征,并以未偶连RGD的壳聚糖作为对照,制备载pEGFP-C1质粒DNA纳米粒子,比较2者对Hy926细胞的转染效率.结果 壳聚糖-RGD(CH-RGD)载基因纳米粒子转染Hy926细胞的效率明显高于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子(35.7%vs 14.3%,P<0.001).结论 RGD肽表面修饰壳聚糖载基因纳米粒子可用于体外细胞转染,其对细胞的转染效率明显优于未偶连RGD的壳聚糖.