慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的治疗

目的:探讨慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的治疗方法及疗效.方法:回顾分析21例慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的临床资料,对其进行总结.结果:7例保守治疗的病例中有5例复发,治愈率仅(28.6%,2/7),保守治疗效果不佳.14例手术患者总体疗效满意.10例行肠切除吻合术的患者,治愈率达(90.0%,9/10),可见手术治疗为慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的最佳方法.1例出现吻合口瘘的患者,再次手术证实为第1次手术切除肠管过少,残留病变肠管所致.结论:慢性放射性肠炎并发肠梗阻的最佳治疗方法为手术治疗,手术方式应尽量行肠切除一期吻合术,手术时应尽量切除全部病变肠管,避免出现吻合口瘘.同时肠造口术或旁路手术也是必要术式,应根据具体情况选择.     

清热燥湿健脾涩肠中药汤剂口服及灌肠治疗慢性放射性肠炎的临床研究

[目的]观察清热燥湿健脾涩肠中药汤剂口服及中药汤剂配合美洲大蠊研末灌肠对比黄连素片联合思密达口服配合注射用白眉蛇毒血凝酶灌肠治疗慢性放射性直肠炎的临床有效性和安全性。[方法]选取我科室中符合慢性放射性肠炎的患者42例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组各21例,实验组患者使用清热燥湿健脾涩肠中药汤剂口服及中药汤剂配合美洲大蠊研末灌肠治疗28d;对照组患者采用黄连素片联合思密达口服配合注射用白眉蛇毒血凝酶灌肠治疗28d。后分别观察2组在临床上的有效性、中医症状改善情况、生活质量KPS评分及临床使用安全性等的差异。[结果]2种治疗方法在治疗慢性放射性肠炎的临床疗效上有显著性差异,实验组治疗放射性肠炎有效率为90.48%,对照组有效率为71.43%,实验组在等临床症状缓解及生活质量KPS评分上明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义,2组在治疗中安全性上均未出现明显不良反应。[结论]实验组对于慢性放射性肠炎的治疗有较好的疗效和安全性,在临床疗效及改善患者生活质量、临床症状等方面明显优于对照组。     

复方黄藤合剂治疗放射性肠炎效果及对血清超氧化物歧化酶含量的影响

目的观察复方黄藤合剂对急性放射性肠炎的疗效及其机制。方法将70例急性放射性肠炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组33例给予左氧氟沙星注射液静滴、硫糖铝口服及胸腺蛋白口服液保留灌肠治疗,观察组34例在对照组治疗基础上,给予复方黄藤合剂口服及保留灌肠。观察两组患者总体疗效、有效率,治疗前后症状评分、KPS评分、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。结果观察组脱落1例,对照组脱落2例,总有效率治疗组(94.11%)明显高于对照组(69.70%,P<0.05);治疗后治疗组各症状评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗组血清SOD水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方黄藤合剂治疗急性放射性肠炎疗效确切,其作用机制可能与体内抗氧化防御系统有关。     

盆腔肿瘤放疗致放射性肠炎的临床观察

盆腔肿瘤尤其是宫颈癌和直肠癌在放疗过程中常伴有盆腔正常组织不同程度的损伤,其中最常发生的是不同程度的放射性肠炎,而慢性迟发性肠炎往往是增加死亡率的一个重要原因[1].本文对盆腔肿瘤患者放疗后放射性肠炎的发生情况及治疗效果进行临床观察与分析.     

补中益气汤加味治疗放射性肠炎的临床疗效分析

目的:探究补中益气汤加味治疗放射性肠炎的临床疗效.方法:以2019年1月-2020年12月100例放射性肠炎患者为此次研究对象,随机分组,对照组常规西药治疗干预,实验组补中益气汤加味治疗,对2组放射性肠炎患者治疗的结果进行分析.结果:实验组总有效率为96.00％,高于对照组总有效率84.00％,P<0.05;实验组治疗...     

重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子联合传统西药保留灌肠治疗放射性肠炎的临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)联合传统西药保留灌肠对放射性肠炎的治疗效果。[方法]将96例放射性肠炎患者按双盲法随机分成观察组(rhGM-CSF联合传统西药保留灌肠组)48例和对照组(传统西药保留灌肠组)48例。对照组给予地塞米松10mg、庆大霉素16万U、蒙脱石散3g、0.9%氯化钠溶液50ml保留灌肠治疗,2次/d,观察组在对照组基础上加rhGM-CSF150μg保留灌肠治疗,2次/d,2组均连续治疗2周;治疗结束后观察比较2组症状改善效果。[结果]观察组、对照组治疗前与治疗后放射性肠炎分级程度比较,均差异有统计学意义(P0.05);采用肠镜疗效评定,观察组临床有效率为95.8%,对照组为83.3%,2组比较疗效差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]采用rhGM-CSF联合传统西药保留灌肠治疗放射性肠炎,患者症状改善良好且无明显不良反应,值得临床推广。     

硫普罗宁联合糖皮质激素治疗放射性肠炎的临床观察

[目的]探讨硫普罗宁联合糖皮质激素治疗放射性肠炎的作用。[方法]选择接受盆腔精确放疗的64例患者,随机分为实验组与对照组,实验组33例,对照组31例。实验组使用糖皮质激素联合硫普罗宁、对照组单纯使用糖皮质激素控制急性放射性肠炎症状,记录所有患者放疗前后一般状况、体质量、血象等指标;并跟踪随访1年左右时间,对比2组慢性放射性肠炎发生情况。[结果]实验组急性放射性肠炎控制率为90.90%,高于对照组的78.26%,但2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);实验组食欲下降、乏力不适发生率及重度中性粒细胞减少率为24.24%及30.30%,对照组为54.84%及58.06%,2组比较均差异有统计学意义(χ~(2 )=5.07、P0.05及χ~(2 )=5.01,P0.05)。实验组、对照组慢性放射性肠炎发生率分别为3.03%、25.81%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(χ~(2 )=5.11,P0.05);放疗完成后,实验组、对照组KPS评分下降10分以上的发生率分别为15.15%、38.71%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(χ~(2 )=4.55,P0.05);实验组总体体质量均数下降(5.38±2.76)%,对照组下降(7.71±2.64)%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.45,P0.01)。[结论]硫普罗宁联合糖皮质激素治疗放射性肠炎,能有效控制腹痛、腹泻、便血等局部症状,缓解患者放疗过程中食欲下降、乏力全身不适,改善患者营养状况和机体功能状态,防治骨髓抑制及减少慢性放射性肠炎的发生,提高患者对放疗耐受性,有助于改善预后,为临床治疗放射性肠炎提供新思路。     

微创介入技术治疗放射性肠炎的疗效

目的观察微创介入技术治疗放射性肠炎的临床疗效及其安全性。方法选择该院2011年5月至2014年11月收治的60例老年重症放射性肠炎患者作为观察对象,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组30例,采用微创介入技术治疗;对照组30例,采用传统开腹手术治疗。观察两组患者手术时间、术中出血量和术后并发症发生情况,以及近期临床疗效。结果观察组:手术时间(130±22)min,术中出血量(79±25)ml,并发症发生率10.0%,总有效率100.0%;对照组:手术时间(178±23)min,术中出血量(330±60)ml,并发症发生率30.0%,总有效率100.0%。观察组手术时间、术中出血量和并发症发生率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与传统开腹手术比较,微创介入技术治疗老年重症放射性肠炎可取得等同的临床治疗效果;同时可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量和降低术后并发症发生率。     

心电图在慢性心力衰竭治疗效果及预后评估中的应用价值

目的 分析心电图在慢性心力衰竭治疗效果及预后评估中的应用价值.方法 选择我院70例慢性心力衰竭患者作为本次研究主体(就诊时间范围为2018年1月-2019年1月),入院后,采用单双号法对患者进行分组,单号为对照组,35例,采用常规治疗,双号为研究组,35例,在常规治疗的基础上增加心电图辅助治疗,对比两组治疗总有效率.结果 研究组治疗总有效率为97.14%,对照组治疗总有效率为74.29%,研究组更高,组间具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 在慢性心力衰竭患者治疗过程中应用心电图辅助调整用药剂量,不仅能提高患者治疗效果,且还能改善其预后.     

老年患者抗生素相关性肠炎的临床特点分析

目的分析老年患者抗生素相关性肠炎（AAC）临床特点,提高临床医生对AAC的认识,探讨老年患者抗生素相关性肠炎诊断和治疗的方法。方法对我院2008～2010年64例抗生素相关性肠炎老年患者从合并疾病、抗生素的使用种类及时间、肠炎的临床表现、肠镜下特点和治疗方法等方面进行回顾性总结及分析,并与同期住院应用抗生素但没有出现AAC老年患者作为对比。结果年老体弱、有慢性疾病、抗生素使用时间长及应用不规范的老年患者容易发生相关性抗生素肠炎,这些因素也是影响AAC发生、演变、预后的主要因素。用甲硝唑和万古霉素治疗该病,疗效肯定。结论合理应用抗生素是防治AAC的关键。早期诊断,正确治疗能使患者早日康复。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.