麻醉呼吸回路结构对呼吸监测的影响

呼吸功能监测已为临床广泛采用,在麻醉管理、术后监护以及重症病人和呼吸衰竭的治疗过程中发挥积极作用,并成为不可缺少的监测手段.由于呼吸回路结构影响呼吸监测的正确性,其回路结构的细微差异可能引起概念上混淆,因此正确理解回路结构和监测之间的相互影响,是极其重要的.本文介绍了成人麻醉机环流系统的基本结构,分析了基本结构与呼吸监护之间的关系,并对气过压力(Pan)、呼吸气体浓度和潮气量(l/T)三项呼吸监护参数监测中的问题进行了探讨.     

基于PPG信号的呼吸监测系统的研制

呼吸在对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的监护、围术期的监测以及重症患者的监护等方面均有重要意义。该研究设计了一套基于光电容积脉搏波（PPG）的呼吸监测与验证系统,可同步采集人体的PPG信号。通过算法处理计算PPG信号的特征参数,通过PPG信号实时提取呼吸信号及呼吸率。为验证算法提取呼吸信号及呼吸率的准确性,系统加入了鼻气流呼吸信号采集模块,同步采集鼻气流呼吸信号作为标准信号来做对比验证,算法从脉搏波中提取的呼吸率与标准呼吸率的均方根误差仅为1.05次/分。     

呼吸力学参数监测系统的电路设计

设计出基于呼吸气道流量、压力检测的呼吸力学参数监测系统电路.设计突破了常规呼吸监测方法只能测量呼吸率等有限呼吸生理参数的局限,可以实现数十种呼吸参数的监测,为提高国产监护仪的性能提供技术支持.     

模拟呼吸性细支气管微速气流采集粉尘

模拟呼吸性细支气管微速气流采集粉尘张克维谷峰生产性粉尘监测是衡量粉尘对人体影响的必要手段。我国一直应用较高速的气流动力捕集粉尘。我们模拟呼吸性细支气管微速气流，对能到达呼吸性细支气管及肺泡部的粉尘进行采样研究，结果报告如下。一、方法１．采样仪器设计：...     

基于Android智能手机的血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率监测系统设计

该文设计了一种通过MSP430单片机采集血氧饱和度、呼吸信号,通过蓝牙芯片发送信号到Android智能手机,实现了基于Android智能手机的血氧饱和度、心率、呼吸频率监测系统.     

一种非接触式皮损患者睡眠呼吸暂停监测技术研究

目的:研究一种非接触式呼吸暂停监测技术,以解决大面积皮肤损伤和皮肤过敏症患者无法使用常规方法监测呼吸信号的难题.方法:非接触式呼吸暂停监测方法是通过采用微型生物雷达传感器采集患者的胸壁微动信号,对信号调理后进行特征提取和分析,实现其呼吸信号的非接触监测和正常呼吸、阻塞性呼吸及呼吸暂停的呼吸状态自动识别,通过病床呼叫系统...     

用于智能睡眠监测设备的心率与呼吸频率模拟装置

目的 针对采用高精度压力传感器技术的智能睡眠监测设备,提出一种心率与呼吸频率模拟装置。方法该装置由控制部分和模拟硅胶人偶组成。模拟硅胶人偶内部含有心跳模拟器和呼吸模拟气囊,可产生设定频率的心跳和呼吸组合压力信号。将模拟装置产生的压力信号的频率与已知准确性的智能睡眠监测设备的监测值进行对比,验证该装置产生的压力信号的频率准确性。采用秒表验证模拟装置的重复性和稳定性。结果 与已知准确性的智能睡眠监测设备的监测值相比,该装置产生的心率误差为±2次/分,呼吸频率误差为±2次/分。采用秒表验证可知,装置的稳定性和重复性优于±5%。结论 对于采用高精度压力传感器的智能睡眠监测设备,采用心率与呼吸频率模拟装置用于准确性测试切实可行。     

一种非接触呼吸暂停检测技术的研究

为了实现在低生理和心理负荷条件下睡眠呼吸暂停的非接触检测,本文首先利用生物雷达实现了对人体呼吸信号的非接触采集,然后通过函数模拟构造伴有呼吸暂停的呼吸仿真信号,提出基于时域的能量谱法和基于小波域的小波信息熵谱法,最后根据两种算法的准确率提出综合判断方法,最终实现了对睡眠呼吸暂停的非接触检测。实验结果表明,利用能量法与小波信息熵法按权重综合判断睡眠暂停,能够较准确地判断阻塞性睡眠的呼吸暂停次数,为非接触睡眠呼吸暂停辅助诊断奠定技术基础。     

基于主成分分析的不受睡眠姿势影响的呼吸容积动态监测方法

目的探究基于主成分分析(PCA)的不受睡眠姿势影响的呼吸容积动态监测方法。方法利用2014年6月采集到的10名健康男性大学生平静呼吸时在仰卧、左侧卧和右侧卧位下的呼吸流速(PNT)信号及胸腔阻抗(IPTH)、左肺阻抗(IPL)和右肺阻抗(IPR)信号,通过对PNT信号进行积分运算得到呼吸容积(VPNT)信号作为金标准,使用基于PCA的数据融合算法从左肺和右肺的呼吸信号中获取融合的容积信号(VIPLR)。结果VIPLR与VPNT的相关系数(r)高达0.9501,且与经典的胸腔阻抗容积(VIPTH)比较,容积平均绝对误差(MAE)下降了25%。结论基于PCA的睡眠呼吸容积评估方法是一种可信度较高的睡眠呼吸容积动态监测新方法,能够最大限度地克服睡眠姿势变换对监测结果的影响。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合症通过3G网络远程监测的研究

利用3G网络设计一种无线监测系统,可以在医院远程监控患者睡眠呼吸暂停综合症的发生过程。该系统实现了呼吸信号的无线传输与监测,使患者可以在家接受实时监测,不影响患者的睡眠质量。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.