去骨瓣减压术后切口漏18例行腰大池持续引流治疗分析

目的探讨腰大池持续引流治疗去骨瓣减压术后头皮切口漏的临床应用价值。方法对18例去骨瓣减压术后头皮切口漏患者行腰大池持续引流。并行头皮漏口重新缝合。结果17例去骨瓣减压术后头皮切口漏患者头皮漏口均愈合,自动出院1例。结论腰大池持续引流能够促进去骨瓣减压术后头皮切口漏患者头皮漏口的愈合。     

创伤性硬膜下血肿去骨瓣减压术后大脑皮层血流灌注研究

目的：探讨创伤性硬脑膜下血肿开颅去骨瓣减压术后短期内大脑皮层的血流灌注特征。方法15例创伤性硬脑膜下血肿患者于去骨瓣减压术后1周行颅脑320排动态容积CT扫描,于水平位选择颅骨缺损直径最大层面图像划定感兴趣区,分别计算颅骨缺损区和对侧镜像区皮层脑血流量（CBF）、脑血容量（CBV）和平均通过时间（MTT）,采用配对 t 检验进行统计学分析比较。结果所有患者术后48 h内意识清醒,未遗留神经功能障碍,复查头颅CT血肿清除满意,无再次出血和颅内感染发生。颅骨缺损区皮层CBF和CBV的均值分别为91.12 ml？（100 g）-1？min-1和6.02 ml/100 g,明显高于对侧镜像区的均值69.22 ml？（100 g）-1？min-1和2.42 ml/100 g,差异有统计学意义。颅骨缺损区皮层的MTT与对侧比较差异无统计学意义。结论通过颅脑320排动态容积CT灌注扫描验证,创伤性硬脑膜下血肿开颅清除血肿去骨瓣减压术后患者的皮层脑组织血流灌注有增加的现象,为进一步病生理研究提供依据。     

颅骨修补的研究进展和现状

临床上各种原因所致的颅骨缺损十分常见,对颅骨缺损进行修补成形已成为神经外科医生的共识。各国的颅脑创伤救治指南一般推荐以去骨瓣减压术作为治疗恶性高颅压的二线方法中的首选手段,去骨瓣减压术能够有效降低颅内压,减少对脑干生命中枢的压迫。目前,重型颅脑损伤的手术指征渐趋规范,手术治疗仍以传统去骨瓣减压或标准大骨瓣减压为重要方法。     

去骨瓣减压同期行颅骨缺损整复术(附15例报告)

颅脑外伤手术在清除颅内血肿及破碎之无生机脑组织或同时作内减压后仍有严重颅内高压,脑组织向外膨出,硬膜或骨瓣复位困难时,为扩大容积降低颅内压,常需行去骨瓣减压,所致颅骨缺损需术后3～6月行二期修补。我院自2000年4月至2003年7月在15例颅脑外伤病员行去骨瓣减压时,用自体颅骨碎片行同期颅骨缺损整复,临床疗效满意,现报告如下。     

颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后骨窗并发症的护理

去骨瓣减压术是治疗重型颅脑损伤常用的手术方式。但术后患者常出现骨窗相关并发症。2000年1月~2003年1月,我们通过对30例颅脑损伤颞叶去骨瓣减压术后骨窗并发症的分析,采取针对性的分期护理,减少了并发症的发生,现报告如下。1临床资料本组30例,男18例,女12例。16~51岁,平均36.5岁。去骨瓣减压术后及修补前CT显示均为额颞叶8cm×8cm以上骨窗缺损,术后均采取相应的护理对策,预防骨窗并发症的发生。2护理2.1脑水肿期护理颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后,患者常因创伤严重、长时间昏迷、不能进食、体质弱、营养差,导致抵抗力低下;局部伤口由于手术后血…     

标准大骨瓣减压术与常规去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤效果对比分析

目的：比较标准大骨瓣减压术与常规去骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的132例重型颅脑损伤患者,分别经标准大骨瓣减压术和常规去骨瓣减压术治疗,监测术后患者颅内压的变化情况并比较术后6个月的恢复情况,应用SPSS17．0对数据进行统计分析。结果经标准大骨瓣减压术治疗的患者颅内压明显低于经常规去骨瓣减压术治疗的患者,并且6个月的回复良好率明显高于常规方法,差异均具有统计学意义。结论标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤降低颅内压的效果和术后恢复情况均明显优于常规去骨板减压术。     

聚乳酸脂膜对去骨瓣减压术后皮瓣粘连的预防效果观察

目的观察聚乳酸脂膜对去骨瓣减压术后皮瓣粘连的预防效果。方法选择100例具有去骨瓣减压术手术指针且后期需行颅骨修补术的患者随机分成治疗组和对照组各50例。两组都按常规行去骨瓣减压术,治疗组在术中放置合适大小的乳酸脂膜于缺损处的硬脑膜和头皮皮瓣之间。对比两组皮瓣粘连的发生率。结果治疗组粘连的总发生率为6%,对照组为22%;两组之间存在差异,P<0.05。结论聚乳酸脂膜可有效的预防去骨瓣减压术后粘连的发生。     

颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后骨窗并发症的护理

去骨瓣减压术是治疗重型颅脑损伤常用的手术方式.但术后患者常出现骨窗相关并发症.2000年1月～2003年1月,我们通过对30例颅脑损伤颞叶去骨瓣减压术后骨窗并发症的分析,采取针对性的分期护理,减少了并发症的发生,现报告如下.     

去骨瓣减压与还纳骨瓣在重型颅脑外伤手术中的应用比较

目的 探讨重型颅脑外伤手术中是否应该还纳骨瓣.方法 回顾性分析60例重型颅脑外伤患者的临床资料,所有患者术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分≥8分,单侧脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿,并进行单侧开颅手术.将术中还纳骨瓣的30例患者纳入骨瓣还纳组,将术中去骨瓣减压的30例患者纳入去骨瓣组,比较2组患者的预后和并发症发生情况.结果 受伤后6个月时,2组患者格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后,骨瓣还纳组术区脑缺血及水肿、癫痫的发生率均低于去骨瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 对于单侧脑挫伤、硬膜下血肿行单侧开颅手术的颅脑外伤患者,临床医生应根据患者术前GCS评分、有无脑疝、术前颅内压、术中具体情况决定去骨瓣减压或还纳骨瓣,避免盲目去骨瓣,以减少术后并发症的发生,提高患者的生存质量.     

颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压并发症的防治体会

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤后外减压术并发症的防治.方法:回顾分析31例需行颅骨修补术的颅脑损伤病人.结果:术中采取大骨瓣减压,减张缝合硬脑膜其并发症可降低.结论:去骨瓣减压术应严格掌握适应证,并减少医源性并发症.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.