数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析60例含钙化灶乳腺病变患者,均行数字钼靶X线摄影及乳腺DCE-MRI检查,并与术后病理结果对照,分别计算数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:本组中良性35例共40个病灶,恶性25例共28个病灶。数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度分别为71.43%、92.86%、96.43%,特异度分别为77.50%、92.50%、95.00%,准确度分别为75.00%、92.65%、95.59%。结论:数字钼靶X线摄影联合DCE-MRI对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

骨肿瘤的MR灌注和扩散加权成像研究

目的 对临床常见的骨肿瘤进行MR灌注成像(PWI)和扩散加权成像(DWI)研究,探讨其在骨肿瘤定性诊断中的价值.方法 收集恶性骨肿瘤18例,良性骨肿瘤21例,行MR PWI和MR DWI,应用Functool 2软件分析,于灌注像上得到病灶时间一信号曲线(TIC)、首过期(FP)信号递减幅度、TIC最大线性斜率、两次稳态信号差值;于DWI上获得病灶表观扩散系数(ADC)值;采用SPSS 13.0统计分析软件,将从良、恶性骨肿瘤两组样本中获得的各种参数用成组设计的两样本均数进行t检验,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线选择良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的阈值,计算MR PWI和MR DWI诊断恶性骨肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、和准确度.结果 MRP PWI显示,17/21的良性骨肿瘤TIC表现为Ⅰ型(平稳型)及Ⅱ型(缓降缓升型),恶性骨肿瘤TIC表现为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型(速降型);良、恶性骨肿瘤之间的FP信号递减幅度、TIC最大线性斜率及两次稳态信号差值在良、恶性骨肿瘤之间的差异均具有显著性统计学意义,其据此诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度分别为82.1%、79.5%和87.2%;有4例良性骨肿瘤可根据其MR-PWI作定性判断,结果误诊为恶性肿瘤.MR DWI显示:b=300 s/mm2时,良、恶性骨肿瘤的ADC值的差异具有统计学意义;若以ADCI.63x103mm3/s为恶性阈值,其诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度为79.5%.MR PWI和MR DWI诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度分别为89.7%和79.5%.结论 MR PWI比MR DWI更有助于鉴别良、恶性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变,但恶性骨肿瘤与富血供良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的灌注参数存在重叠,此时结合MR DWI可以提高诊断准确度.     

骨肿瘤的MR灌注和扩散加权成像研究

目的对临床常见的骨肿瘤进行MR灌注成像(PWI)和扩散加权成像(DWI)研究,探讨其在骨肿瘤定性诊断中的价值。方法收集恶性骨肿瘤18例,良性骨肿瘤21例,行MR PWI和MR DWI,应用Functool2软件分析,于灌注像上得到病灶时间-信号曲线(TIC)、首过期(FP)信号递减幅度、TIC最大线性斜率、两次稳态信号差值;于DWI上获得病灶表观扩散系数(ADC)值;采用SPSS13.0统计分析软件,将从良、恶性骨肿瘤两组样本中获得的各种参数用成组设计的两样本均数进行t检验,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线选择良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的阈值,计算MR PWI和MR DWI诊断恶性骨肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、和准确度。结果MR PWI显示,17/21的良性骨肿瘤TIC表现为I型(平稳型)及II型(缓降缓升型),恶性骨肿瘤TIC表现为III型和IV型(速降型);良、恶性骨肿瘤之间的FP信号递减幅度、TIC最大线性斜率及两次稳态信号差值在良、恶性骨肿瘤之间的差异均具有显著性统计学意义,其据此诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度分别为82.1%、79.5%和87.2%;有4例良性骨肿瘤可根据其MR-PWI作定性判断,结果误诊为恶性肿瘤。MR DWI显示:b=300s/mm2时,良、恶性骨肿瘤的ADC值的差异具有统计学意义;若以ADC1.63×10-3mm2/s为恶性阈值,其诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度为79.5%。MR PWI和MR DWI诊断恶性骨肿瘤的准确度分别为89.7%和79.5%。结论MR PWI比MR DWI更有助于鉴别良、恶性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变,但恶性骨肿瘤与富血供良性骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的灌注参数存在重叠,此时结合MR DWI可以提高诊断准确度。     

结合MRI和X线分类对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块的处理体会

目的:评价结合MRI和X线分类对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块的良恶性评估价值,探讨BI-RADS 4类肿块新的处理建议.方法:X线筛查为BI-RADS 4a类(105个)、4b类(42个)和4c类(19个)的151例共166个乳腺肿块,在活检前行MRI.动态增强结合扩散加权成像(DWI)进行MRI BI-RADS分类.结合X线与MRI分类提出新的良恶性评估法.统计X线与MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度及诊断符合率;绘制两者的ROC曲线,Z检验比较曲线下面积;统计结合MRI和X线的新的良恶性评估法发现乳腺癌的敏感性、诊断符合率和对良性病变检出率.结果:2名X线诊断医师和2名MRI诊断医师的BI-RADS分类的Kappa值分别为0.70和0.76,一致性较好.166个肿块,恶性41个,占24.7％.X线BI-RADS 4a类105个:恶性12个,MRI分类为4、5类12个;良性93个,MRI为2、3类81个.X线BI-RADS 4b类42个:恶性16个,MRI分类为4、5类15个;良性26个,MRI为2、3类16个.X线BI-RADS 4c类19个:恶性13个,MRI分类为4、5类12个;良性6个,MRI为3类2个.X线诊断敏感度、特异度为70.7％、74.4％,诊断符合率为73.5％.MRI诊断敏感度、特异性及诊断符合率为95.1％、79.2％和83.1％.X线及MRI诊断乳腺癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.749及0.927,两者差异有统计学意义(Z=2.282,P＜0.05).新的良恶性评估法发现乳腺癌的敏感度为100％,诊断符合率为77.7％,良性病变检出率为53.0％.结论:MRI对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块有较高的诊断价值.结合X线及MRI分类进行新的良恶性评估,能减少良性肿块不必要的活检.     

3.0T MRI成像技术与CR钼靶X线成像技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值对照

目的:探讨3.0 T MRI与CR钼靶X线对乳腺癌诊断的价值。方法:收集46例乳腺病变患者,术前均行MRI、CR钼靶检查,均经手术病理证实。结果:46例患者中(57个病灶),乳腺癌30例(34个病灶),乳腺良性病变16例(23个病灶)。钼靶诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为70.59%,82.61%,75.44%;MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为94.12%,78.26%,87.72%。结论:3.0 T MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、准确度均高于CR钼靶检查,而特异度低于钼靶。     

煊影煊流技术联合常规超声及CA125诊断卵巢肿瘤的价值

目的探讨煊影煊流技术(HDlive)联合常规超声检查(US)及CA125在鉴别卵巢肿瘤良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析65例经常规超声拟诊为卵巢肿瘤患者的图像资料,以病理结果为金标准,分析HDlive联合US及CA125对卵巢肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。结果 65例卵巢肿瘤中良性23例,恶性42例;US诊断恶性肿瘤表现多为实性或囊实性、乳头状突起数目≥4等,诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.5%、 56.5%、 78.4%、79.2%、76.5%;恶性卵巢肿瘤煊影表现:含实性成分、乳头形状不规则等,煊流构型主要为Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型等,联合US诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.6%、 69.6%、 87.7%、85.4%、94.11%;恶性肿瘤血清CA125水平明显高于良性肿瘤(P<0.05),诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为85.7%、 47.8%、 72.3%、75.0%、64.7%;三者联合诊断卵巢肿瘤的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为97.6%、 73.9%、 ...     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肌肉骨骼良恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在鉴别肌肉骨骼良恶性病变诊断中的应用价值。方法对65例肌骨系统病变患者(良性组23例,恶性组42例)行MRI常规T1加权成像、T2加权成像、抑脂T2加权成像及DWI检查,测量并分析两组病变间ADC值差异,采用接受者操作特征曲线判定良恶性鉴别诊断阈值,并计算ADC值对病变潜在恶性评估的敏感度、特异度、准确度。统计学分析均使用统计软件SPSS 19.0完成。结果165例患者中,良性病变组平均ADC值为(1.83±0.50)×10-3 mm2/s,恶性病变组平均ADC值为(1.04±0.36)×10-3 mm2/s,两组间有显著性统计学差异(P0.05);2以1.38×10-3 mm2/s为阈值,ADC值对肌骨病变潜在恶性评估的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为95.24%、95.65%、95.38%。结论 DWI可以较好地反映病变的弥散特征,ADC值作为量化指标对肌骨病变良恶性的鉴别诊断有一定的价值。     

ＣＴ灰度直方图对实性肺结节的鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨CT灰度直方图对实性肺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经组织病理学或临床随访证实的110例实性肺结节患者的CT图像,其中恶性55例,良性55例.选取肺结节最大CT平扫轴面图像勾画感兴趣区并采用Matlab软件生成灰度直方图.采用Mann-Whitney U检验比较良恶性结节灰度直方图参数的差异.建立ROC曲线并以组织病理学或临床随访结果为依据计算曲线下面积(AUC).使用最佳临界值评价灰度直方图诊断良恶性肺结节的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.结果:恶性结节的偏度(0.281±0.181)大于良性结节(-0.592±0.194),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);恶性结节的峰度(2.786±0.252)小于良性结节(3.553±0.331),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两者的ROC曲线下最大面积分别为0.894和0.996.使用最佳临界值标准,峰度和偏度鉴别诊断肺结节良恶性的敏感度分别为0.982、0.946,特异度分别为1.000、0.764,准确度分别为0.990、0.845,阳性预测值分别为1.000、0.797,阴性预测值分别为0.982、0.913.结论:CT灰度直方图可作为肺结节良恶性鉴别诊断的重要辅助手段.     

MR动态增强成像在诊断良恶性骨病中的应用价值

目的:探讨MR动态增强成像在诊断良恶性骨病中的应用价值。方法:36例骨病患者(良性14例,恶性22例)行DCE-MRI检查。于动态增强图像上测量信号增强幅度(SEE)、早期动态增强斜率值(Slope值)、向心性增强率(DER),判断TIC曲线类型,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线选择良恶性病变鉴别诊断的阈值,计算各参数对病变潜在恶性估计的敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果:①36例病例中,恶性病变组共22例,均为Ⅲ型(100%);良性病变组共14例,呈Ⅲ型者2例(14.29%),呈Ⅱ型者5例(35.71%),Ⅰ型者7例(50%)。若以Ⅲ型为恶性病变,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型均视为良性病变为诊断标准,则TIC类型对病变潜在恶性评估的准确度为94.3%;②良恶性两组间SEE、Slope值、DER分别为227.96±172.08、325.6±125.86(P0.05);(0.97±0.67)%/s、(2.53±0.91)%/s(P0.05);0.2043±0.0487、0.2267±0.0402(P0.05)。Slope值对病变潜在恶性估计的准确度为91.4%。结论:DCE-MRI可以反应病变组织的血管化与灌注,有助于鉴别骨骼系统病变的良恶性,且以TIC类型准确度最高,最有价值。     

探讨多体素氢质子磁共振波谱在良恶性肌骨病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨多体素氢质子MR波谱（^1H—MRS）在鉴别良恶性肌骨病变方面的应用价值。方法搜集经病理证实的骨与软组织良恶性病变患者47例，男28例，女19例。良性病变9例，恶性病变38例。所有病例在^1H—MRS检查前均行动态和延迟增强扫描。统计动态增强扫描中MR信号强度-时间（SI-T）曲线最大线性斜率（5．09）鉴别良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度和准确度。将^1HMRS谱线分为2型：Ⅰ型，谱线中3．2ppm（×10^-6）处有明显的胆碱（Cho）峰；Ⅱ型，谱线中3．2ppm处无明显的Cho峰。统计良恶性病变出现2种谱线的例数，并计算诊断良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果9例良性病变的SI-T曲线最大线性斜率范围为0．07～8．54，平均为3．48±2．30。38例恶性病变最大线性斜率范围为2．89～32．50，平均9．56±5．16，以5．09作为SI-T曲线最大斜率的良恶性病变界值时，诊断的敏感度为97．30％，特异度为80．00％，准确度为93．62％。47例中有42例多体素^1H-MRS效果满意，9例良性病变中出现Ⅰ型谱线2例，Ⅱ型谱线7例；33例恶性肿瘤中出现Ⅰ型谱线27例，Ⅱ型谱线6例，良恶性谱线类型例数比较，x^2=9．13，P＜0．01。Ⅰ型谱线诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度为93．10％，特异度为53．80％，准确度为80．95％；若不计钙化、骨化成分较多的6例，则敏感度为93．10％，特异度为100％，准确度为94．44％。结论^1H-MRS谱线的类型对评价肌骨病变的生物学活性价值较高，对钙化和骨化较少的病变良恶性的鉴别效果与MR动态增强扫描的效果相当。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）