温针灸治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的 观察温针灸治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎的临床疗效,并探讨虚寒型膝骨关节炎的理想治疗方法和有效途径.方法 选取2010年6月-2012年6月来我科就诊的虚寒型膝骨关节炎患者130例,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组各65例.实验组给予温针灸方法治疗;对照组给予传统的针灸方法治疗.均治疗两个疗程,治疗期间密切观察临床效果,并及时做好记录.结果 实验组有效52例,无效13例;对照组有效39例,无效26例.两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗1个疗程后实验组康复12例,对照组为4例;治疗2个疗程后实验组康复29例,对照组为18例.两组康复率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用温针灸方法治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎的疗效明显高于传统的针灸方法,此外值得注意的是,温针灸法治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎能够显著提高患者的康复率.显然温针灸法与传统针灸相比能够更为有效治疗虚寒型膝骨关节炎,值得更进一步地探究和推广.     

温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法将100例膝骨关节炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用单纯针刺疗法,观察组采用温针灸疗法,观察比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组基本治愈16例,显效20例,有效12例,无效2例,有效率为96.0%;对照组基本治愈5例,显效15例,有效18例,无效12例,有效率为76.0%,两组疗效对比,观察组明显优于对照组,差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎明显缓解膝骨关节炎的疼痛,改善膝关节的功能障碍,是治疗膝骨关节炎的有效方法,具有临床推广价值。     

温针灸辅助治疗膝骨关节炎效果观察

目的 探讨温针灸辅助治疗膝骨关节炎的效果。方法 选取2019年3月至2021年3月该院收治的膝骨关节炎患者82例,随机分为观察组与对照组各41例。对照组给予玻璃酸钠腔内注射治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合温针灸治疗,两组均治疗5周。比较两组疗效及治疗前后VAS、Lysholm、膝关节西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数量表（WOMAC）评分变化。结果 观察组治疗总有效率（90.2%）高于对照组（68.3%）,治疗后的VAS、Lysholm、WOMAC评分优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.01）。结论 温针灸辅助治疗膝骨关节炎效果优于常规玻璃酸钠腔内注射,可有效减轻疼痛,改善膝关节功能。     

透刺温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的观察透刺温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 65例患者随机分为治疗组33例和对照组32例,对照组采用透刺法治疗,治疗组采用透刺温针灸治疗,观察2组临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为90.9%高于对照组的81.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论透刺温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎疗效显著,能有效地疏通膝关节经络,加强筋脉沟通,达到调和气血、濡养筋骨的目的 。     

温针灸配合玻璃酸钠关节腔注射治疗膝骨关节炎临床研究

目的探讨温针灸配合玻璃酸钠关节腔注射治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效。方法将2011年12月~2013年6月我院就诊的膝骨关节炎患者55例,随机分为观察组27例及对照组28例。观察两组的临床疗效、治疗前后关节功能评分及VAS和LKSS评分。结果观察组患者优良率为92.59%,对照组患者优良率为82.14%,两组优良率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者关节功能评分治疗前后比较,有统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后关节功能评分研究组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后VAS和LKSS评分比较,差异显著(P均0.05)。结论温针灸配合玻璃酸钠关节腔注射治疗膝骨关节炎疗效确切,值得在临床推广应用。     

推拿整复治疗膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的对比推拿整复手法与针刺治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法将60例符合膝骨关节炎诊断标准的患者,随机分为推拿整复治疗组(36例)和针刺治疗对照组(24例),经两个疗程治疗后,比较疗效结果。结果推拿整复治疗组总有效率91.6%,针刺治疗组总有效率87.5%。两组比较差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论推拿整复是治疗膝骨关节炎的有效疗法。     

合谷刺或齐刺、温针灸、电针治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效分析

目的分析合谷刺或齐刺、温针灸、电针治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取我院2016年8月至2018年6月收治的膝关节骨性关节炎患者共90例,分为对照组和观察组各45例,对照组施行单纯的针刺治疗,观察组施行合谷刺或齐刺、温针灸及电针治疗,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果治疗后,观察组关节重症疼痛量表(VAS)、膝骨关节炎严重性指数量表(ISOA)评分下降,显著低于对照组(P <0.05);对照组总有效率为80.0%,观察组总有效率为95.6%,两组对比存在显著性差异(P <0.05)。结论膝关节骨性关节炎患者施行合谷刺或齐刺、温针灸及电针治疗的效果确切可靠,值得推广和运用。     

针灸结合康复指导治疗膝骨关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨针灸结合康复疗法治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法按就诊顺序号将我院2013年1月至2014年1月收治的100例膝骨关节炎患者分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组仅给予针灸治疗,观察组采用针灸结合康复指导治疗,比较两组患者各项症状、体征评分和临床疗效。结果经治疗4周后,两组患者疼痛、压痛、肿胀和功能障碍等评分均明显低于治疗前,其中观察组疼痛、压痛和功能障碍评分明显低于对照组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组的治疗总有效率为80%,观察组的治疗总有效率为98%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用针灸结合康复疗法治疗膝骨关节炎可有效改善患者的症状和体征,疗效确切,具有临床应用价值。     

温针灸法治疗老年骨性膝关节炎的效果观察

目的分析温针灸治疗老年骨性膝关节炎的疗效分析。方法选择2016年2月至2017年1月在我院接受诊治的膝关节炎患者120例作为研究对象,将其按照随机数字法分为实验组与常规组。常规组采取单纯性的毫针刺法进行治疗,实验组患者采用温针灸进行治疗。对比两组患者的临床干预成效。结果通过不同的治疗之后,实验组患者的治疗总有效率(90.00%)显著高于常规组患者的治疗总有效率(73.33%),数据差异显著,具备统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论温针灸治疗老年骨性膝关节炎的效果显著,有效改善临床症状,提高生活质量,值得临床推广。     

温针灸治疗膝关节骨关节炎的近期临床效果分析与研究

目的:研究分析温针灸治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果。方法:选取我院治疗的膝关节骨关节炎患者90例,患者根据随机数据法进行分组,每组患者45例,对照组患者采用常规针灸治疗,观察组患者采用温针灸治疗,根据两组患者治疗后的临床效果进行疗效评价。结果:观察组总有效率为88.9%明显高于对照组总有效率77.8%,组间比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:应用温针灸治疗膝关节骨关节炎具有较好的祛风除湿效果,有效改善膝关节功能,可在临床中广泛推广。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.