不同取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者的疗效观察

目的:观察不同取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者的临床效果。方法:选取2014年2月～2018年3月我院收治的肾盂单发结石患者103例为研究对象,按治疗术式不同,分为后腹腔镜组52例和经皮肾镜组51例。后腹腔镜组予后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术,经皮肾镜组予经皮肾镜碎石取石术。比较两组手术情况、结石清除情况及并发症发生情况。结果:后腹腔镜组住院时间明显短于经皮肾镜组,术中出血量、术后输血率、术后血红蛋白降低值均明显低于经皮肾镜组,P0.05;后腹腔镜组手术时间、结石清除率与经皮肾镜组比较,无显著性差异(P0.05);后腹腔镜组并发症发生率明显低于经皮肾镜组,P0.05。结论:应用后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者不仅疗效肯定,且具有创伤轻、并发症少、出血少等优势,效果优于经皮肾镜碎石取石术。     

后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂结石的临床体会

目的 探讨后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂结石的临床体会.方法 回顾性分析后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术60例.结果 59例取石成功,1例术中改开放手术;手术时间60～160 min,平均(88±12)min,术中出血量80～200 mL,平均(108±25)mL,术后无漏尿发生,术后复查B超提示肾盂结石已清除.结论 后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术效果确切,损伤小,出血少,结石清除极高,患者术后恢复快,适合肾外形肾盂、肾积水不明显、既往无腹腔镜手术史及结石大的肾盂结石,可部分取代经皮肾镜取石术及传统的开放性肾盂切开取石术.     

后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者的临床疗效

目的分析后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术(RLIP)治疗肾盂单发结石患者的临床疗效,分析对术后结石清除率及生活质量(SF-36评分)的影响。方法选取2017年5月～2018年12月我院收治的肾盂单发结石患者72例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各36例。对照组实施经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL),观察组实施RLIP术。对比两组围术期基本情况、术后结石清除率及手术前后SF-36评分。结果观察组术中出血量少于对照组,住院天数短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后28d,观察组结石清除率为94.44%,高于对照组的66.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后28d,观察组SF-36评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PLIP术应用于肾盂单发结石患者,能显著减少术中出血量,缩短术后康复进程,提高术后结石清除率,提升生活质量。     

后腹腔镜与开放性肾盂输尿管切开取石术疗效比较

目的 比较后腹腔镜与开放性肾盂输尿管切开取石术的疗效并探讨后腹腔镜肾盂输尿管切开取石术的技术要点.方法 回顾性分析102例后腹腔镜肾盂输尿管切开取石术和120例开放性肾盂输尿管切开取石术患者的临床资料.比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症等指标.结果 后腹腔镜组手术成功率96％,开放手术手术成功率100％.后腹腔镜组、开放手术组术中出血量分别为(20.28±12.36)mL、(40.55±16.45)mL;术后下床时间分别为(1.65±0.85)d、(3.15±1.26)d;术后住院时间分别为(6.20±1.25)d、(9.35±2.38)d,后腹腔镜组显著少于开放手术组(P＜0.05)；手术时间两组分别为(80.35±28.68)min、(72.46±25.35)min,两组比较差异无显著性.后腹腔镜组有3例尿漏,7～11d后自行愈合,开放手术组无尿漏并发症,但有5例伤口感染,26例术后有不同程度的伤口区疼痛或麻木.结论 后腹腔镜肾盂输尿管切开取石与开放手术相比具有微创、出血少、术后恢复快等优点,可作为开放手术的替代方法.     

后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术对肾盂单发结石的疗效及安全性分析*

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术(RLP)在治疗肾盂单发结石患者中的疗效及安全性。方法选择2015年7月-2017年7月在该院接受治疗的肾盂单发结石患者88例,按照不同的治疗方式分为RLP组46例和经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)组42例,比较两组手术相关指标、临床疗效、肾功能指标以及术后并发症情况。结果两组手术时间、术后镇痛时间和结石清除率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。RLP组术中出血量、术后住院时间和术后血红蛋白降低值均明显低于PCNL组(P 0.05)。RLP组总有效率为86.96%,PCNL组总有效率为69.05%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。RLP组术后内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、血尿素氮(BUN)和24 h尿蛋白定量水平较术前无明显变化(P0.05),PCNL组术后Ccr水平较术前明显降低(P 0.05),且PCNL组Ccr水平明显低于RLP组(P 0.05);PCNL组术后BUN和24h尿蛋白定量水平较术前明显升高(P 0.05),且PCNL组BUN水平明显高于RLP组(P 0.05)。两组术后24 h尿蛋白定量比较无显著差异(P0.05),两组术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 RLP应用于肾盂单发结石患者中,具有疗效好、创伤小、对肾功能损伤小和并发症少的优点,可作为治疗肾盂单发结石的有效方法。     

后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术与经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗肾盂结石的效果比较

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾盂切开取石术(RLP)和经皮肾镜碎石取石术(PCNL)治疗肾盂结石的临床疗效。方法选取漯河市郾城区人民医院2015年4月至2019年5月收治的120例肾盂结石患者,根据随机数字表法将其分为A组和B组,每组60例,A组患者行RLP手术,B组患者行PCNL手术,观察比较两组临床疗效、临床指标(住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量)以及并发症发生情况。结果 A组临床治疗总有效率高于B组(P 0. 05);两组手术时间比较差异未见统计学意义(P0. 05); A组术中出血量和住院时间均少于B组(P 0. 05); A组发生并发症6例(10. 0%),B组发生并发症16例(26. 7%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论治疗肾盂结石采用RLP手术临床效果好,术中出血少、住院时间短,可有效减少术后并发症,促进患者恢复。     

后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石分析

目的：探究后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者的效果。方法：回顾性收集2017年1月~2020年3月收治的肾盂单发结石患者,按手术方案不同分为PCNL组和RLIP组,各59例。PCNL组接受经皮肾镜碎石取石术治疗,RLIP组接受后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗。对比两组围术期指标,术前、术后12 h肾功能指标（中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白、胱抑素）水平,术后并发症发生情况。结果：RLIP组手术时间较PCNL组长,术后1周、4周结石清除率较PCNL组高（P＜0.05）;术后12 h RLIP组胱抑素、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白水平同术前对比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,PCNL组较术前升高,RLIP组较PCNL组低（P＜0.05）;术后RLIP组并发症总发生率为3.39%（2/59）,低于PCNL组的16.95%（10/59）（P＜0.05）。结论：后腹腔镜肾窦内肾盂切开取石术治疗肾盂单发结石患者可有效清除结石,对肾功能影响较小,安全性高。     

腹腔镜肾盂切开联合肾镜取石术治疗肾多发性结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜肾盂切开联合肾镜取石术治疗肾多发性结石的技术要点和初步经验.方法 选取我院2008年1月至2009年12月腹腔镜肾盂切开合并肾镜取石术治疗肾多发性结石患者8例.全部经腹膜后途径入路.结石最大3.3 cm×2.3 cm,最小0.5 cm×0.5 cm.均为肾盂铸型结石合并肾盏多发小结石.先用腹腔镜取出肾盂结石.若是铸型结石取出较难,则通过肾盂切开处放入肾镜,弹道碎石器击碎结石后再取出.然后肾镜继续探查各肾盏,并取出结石.结果 8例肾多发结石患者结石全部取尽,手术效果满意.手术时间平均90 min.均未出现出血、尿漏、输尿管狭窄等严重并发症.术后平均住院时间5 d.结论 腹腔镜肾盂切开联合肾镜取石术取两种手术的优点,减少并发症的发生,可获得最大的疗效.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术与微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的比较

目的对比后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(LUL)与微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL)治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的临床疗效。方法将76例复杂性输尿管上段结石患者按手术治疗方法分为LUL治疗组38例,MPCNL治疗组38例,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及一期结石清除率、术后并发症发生率。结果 2组手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LUL治疗组一期结石清除率、术后并发症发生率分别为94.7%(36/38)、7.9%(3/38),MPCNL治疗组分别为100.0%(38/38)、10.5%(4/38),2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术与微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石临床疗效无显著差异,手术操作者需掌握手术适应证,根据患者实际情况,选择合理手术方式。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石

总结笔者所在医院使用微创经皮肾镜取石术、斜仰卧位联合截石位的联合体位及钬激光治疗上尿路结石的经验,评价其临床疗效及安全性。对2015年5~10月接受微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗的56例上尿路结石患者进行回顾性分析,均采用联合体位,B超定位经皮肾建立F16通道,钬激光碎石;其中肾盂、肾盏单发结石13例,输尿管上段结石9例,肾铸型结石22例,手术残留结石5例,双肾结石7例。所有患者均行一期穿刺取石术,其中单通道45侧肾,二通道11侧肾,结石平均大小2.2cm,术中出血量115.38±18.39ml,手术时间120.81±29.76min,结石清除率89.76%,造瘘管留置时间3~10(6.29±0.85)d,住院时间13.82±2.68d,输血3例,2例术后3d大出血,行高选择性肾动脉栓塞止血治疗。微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石是安全、可行、有效的,并通过对微创经皮肾穿刺取石术的不断改进与创新,结合联合体位及钬激光,能缩短手术时间,减少术中出血,提高结石清除率高及降低术后并发症。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.