显微手术切除后瘤腔植入缓释5-氟尿嘧啶化疗联合125I增敏放疗治疗恶性脑胶质瘤

 目的　探讨外科显微手术切除后瘤床内植入5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）多聚缓释体局部化疗联合125I粒子局部增敏放疗治疗恶性脑胶质瘤的临床疗效。方法　对65例脑胶质瘤患者行开颅显微手术切除,术中于瘤床周围植入5-Fu多聚缓释体和125I粒子,术后（3个月～1年）立体定向引导下再次植入1～2次。随访6～36个月,观察疗效、瘤周水肿情况和患者不良反应。并与同时期经随访的40例接受显微镜下全切后常规放化疗的脑胶质瘤患者相比较。结果　术后1周内患者头痛明显,脑脊液WBC不同程度升高,瘤周水肿较单纯手术明显,经治疗所有患者都顺利出院。44例患者获完全随访,生存期明显延长,半年内复发4例（9.1 %）,无死亡;1年内复发14例（31.8 %）,无死亡;2年内复发20例（45.5 %）,死亡12例（27.6 %）;3年内复发29例（65.9 %）,死亡20例（45.5 %）。未发现明显的不良反应,患者生存质量得到明显改善。结论　显微镜下手术全切肿瘤是治疗的关键,术后于瘤床内植入5-Fu多聚缓释体局部化疗联合125I局部增敏放疗,是一种可供选择的治疗人类脑恶性胶质瘤的安全有效方法。     

姑息手术^125I粒子植入联合热疗及化疗治疗晚期肺癌

目的评价姑息性手术125I粒子植入联合热疗及化疗综合治疗晚期肺癌的方法和疗效.方法 28例肺癌中原发性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)15例(ⅢA期9例,ⅢB期6例),NSCLC手术后局部复发6例,转移性肺癌7例(其中结肠癌肺转移3例,乳癌肺转移4例).采用开胸姑息切除 125I粒子植入 体外高频透热治疗(HFDT) 化疗17例,胸腔镜附加小切口行局部肿块(楔形)切除 125I粒子植入 HFDT 化疗6例,肿瘤内射频消融(RFA) 125I粒子植入 化疗5例.结果全组随访12～32个月(平均16.9个月).CR 21例,PR 6例,NR 1例.1年后局部复发4例,2例经再次植入125I又得到控制.5例患者死亡,1例因局部复发,4例因远处转移.所有患者植入125I粒子后无白细胞、血小板降低,无肝肾功能损害,均能较好耐受同时化疗.结论本治疗方法安全可行,有较高的肿瘤局部控制率,患者生活质量高,生存期延长.     

手术联合^125I粒子及缓释化疗粒子靶向治疗胶质瘤的临床研究

目的探讨术中应用^125I粒子及化疗粒子联合植入法治疗胶质瘤的可行性和疗效。方法南阳医专附院自2003年12月至2007年12月,应用术中放、化疗粒子联合植入法治疗胶质瘤41例。治疗中交替植入卡莫司汀（BCNU）缓释化疗粒子和放射性^125I粒子。放射性粒子的肿瘤匹配周边剂量（MPD）为90～100Gy。结果41例患者均顺利完成治疗,术后3—6个月CT复查肿瘤变化,显示瘤体不同程度缩小,其中6例完全缓解,24例部分缓解,8例稳定,局部控制率为73％。随访6—28个月,最长1例随访时间为术后4年,现仍存活。1例术后6个月死于胶质瘤复发。结论手术联合放射性^125I粒子和BCNU缓释化疗粒子联合应用局部植入技术安全、副作用小、费用低及并发症发生率低,是综合治疗胶质瘤的有效手段之一。     

29例乳腺癌组织间放射治疗的疗效观察

目的观察125Ⅰ放射性粒子永久性组织间植入在防治乳腺癌术后局部复发以及用于局部复发结节治疗的疗效.方法将125Ⅰ放射性粒子于乳腺癌手术中、手术后植入到局部靶组织,以及乳腺癌术后局部复发结节和乳腺癌术后转移淋巴结中,3年中共应用29例(双侧1例),125Ⅰ放射性粒子全组共行31次植入术,共植入125Ⅰ放射性粒子868粒,平均每例每次植入28粒.结果全部病例随访,最长4年,最短1年,本组应用于预防局部复发的25例病例中,无1例局部复发,本组应用于局部复发结节治疗的3例中,2例局部复发结节植入后消失,1例局部复发结节无变化.应用于乳腺癌术后对侧腋下淋巴结转移治疗的1例,转移肿大淋巴结缩小1/3.125Ⅰ粒子永久性植入治疗乳腺癌局部控制有效率为96.77%.结论125Ⅰ放射性粒子用于乳腺癌术后预防局部复发,以及局部复发结节的治疗有一定的疗效,并发症少,有一定的应用前景.     

放射性粒子与人工关节复合假体应用于肢体恶性肿瘤的临床观察

目的探讨放射性粒子125I与人工假体复合体治疗肢体恶性骨肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 15例肢体恶性骨肿瘤患者,手术中直视下将放射性粒子125I与人工假体复合,置换瘤段截除后的骨缺损。结果 15例患者术后肢体功能均恢复良好,平均随访37个月,13例无局部复发,未见放射粒子脱落游走,未见到血管、神经的放射性损伤,切口皮肤愈合良好。结论本方法安全、操作简便,未见到放射性粒子植入后相关副作用,对一些肢体骨恶性肿瘤,特别是预计有高危局部复发可能性的患者,不失为一种好的治疗方法。     

鼻咽癌肺转移瘤~(125)I放射性粒子植入疗效分析

目的评价CT引导下125I放射性粒子植入治疗鼻咽癌肺转移瘤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2003年5月-2004年7月对19例鼻咽癌肺转移瘤患者行125I放射性粒子植入治疗的的临床疗效。粒子植入之前采用TPS模拟布源或遵循Halarism的125I经验公式求出术中所需125 I粒子的总活度及算出治疗粒子的数量。在螺旋CT引导下将125I放射性粒子植入肺转移瘤内。结果 19例患者的42个病灶在植入后2个月行CT复查评价疗效,完全缓解23个,部分缓解9个, 稳定5个,进展5个,有效率达到76．2％,有5例至今仍生存,最长者存活超过1年半,1年生存率 57．9%。全部病例术后均无严重并发症发生。结论 125I放射性粒子植入治疗鼻咽癌肺转移瘤疗效高、创伤小、并发症少。     

125I放射性粒子植入联合化疗治疗复发鼻咽癌的临床观察

[目的]观察125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗治疗复发鼻咽癌的临床疗效.[方法]对60例患者分别行125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗和单纯化疗,观察其治疗前后复发病灶和EB病毒抗体滴度、血沉(ESR)、不良反应变化情况.[结果]125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗后的复发病灶CR 15例,PR 12例,SD 3例;对照组复发病灶CR 3例,PR 9例,SD 15例,PD 3例.125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗组EB病毒抗体滴度下降27例,稳定3例;对照组下降12例,稳定15例,上升3例.125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗组治疗前后ESR比较有显著性差异(P=0.029).两组患者治疗前后不良反应无显著性差异.[结论]125Ⅰ粒子植入联合化疗对复发鼻咽癌的局部控制率高,不良反应小,值得临床进一步推广.     

^125I粒子植入在宫颈癌复发转移治疗中的应用

目的探讨^125I粒子植入技术治疗宫颈癌综合治疗后盆腔未控或复发患者的可行性。方法回顾性分析2004年4月～10月应用^125I粒子植入技术治疗宫颈癌综合治疗后盆腔未控或复发患者9例。结果全部患者术后恢复良好。术后3个月肿块完全缓解（CR）1例，部分缓解（PR）5例，进展（PD）3例。结论^125I放射性粒子植入术治疗局部复发转移宫颈癌具有安全有效、创伤小、并发症少、近期疗效显著的优点。     

显微手术切除联合瘤腔植入缓释氟尿嘧啶和^125I治疗胶质瘤的临床观察

目的：探讨外科显微手术切除联合瘤床内植入5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）多聚缓释体局部化疗和125I局部放疗治疗胶质瘤的疗效。方法：65例胶质瘤行开颅显微手术切除,术中瘤床周围植入5-FU多聚缓释体和125I粒子,术后每3个月立体定向引导再次植入1～2次。观察疗效和瘤周水肿情况及不良反应。结果：术后1周内头痛明显,脑脊液白细胞不同程度的升高,瘤周水肿较单纯手术明显,经治疗所有患者都顺利出院。随访6个月～5年,39例患者获完全随访;患者生存36例。结论：手术切除肿瘤联合瘤床内植入缓释5-FU多聚缓释体局部化疗和125I局部放疗,是治疗胶质瘤的一种有效地方法。     

放射性粒子~（125）I植入治疗12例早期肾癌的临床观察

目的：评价CT引导下瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗早期肾癌的可行性、安全性及其疗效。方法：对12例肾癌患者的15个病灶在CT引导下行瘤体内125I粒子植入治疗,植入术后立即CT扫描观察粒子在瘤体内的分布,术后随访观察有无并发症发生。结果：12例患者均顺利完成手术,平均时间43（30～50）min。单个瘤体内植入125I粒子数为1～19粒（平均8粒）。术后6个月CT扫描显示粒子分布满意,15个病灶中4个消失,7个明显缩小,3个病灶稳定,1个进展。1例孤立肾患者术后3个月发现肉眼血尿,经保守治疗后消失。12例患者未见治疗相关的放射损伤。平均随访36（6～52）个月,1例术后13个月死于心肌梗死,2例术后18和22个月死于多发肺转移。余9例正常生存。结论：CT导引下125I粒子植入治疗对早期肾癌是一种可供选择的安全、有效治疗方法。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.