The Polyus-2D magnetotherapeutic device (home doctor)

VNIIMP-VITA Joint-Stock Company, Moscow. ÉMA Plant Joint-Stock Company, Ekaterinburg. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 45–46, January–February, 1995.     

The use of an MEG device as 3D digitizer and motion monitoring system

An algorithm is described that localizes a set of simultaneously activated coils using MEG detectors. These coil positions are used for continuous or intermittent head position registration during long MEG sessions, to coregistrate MR and MEG data and to localize EEG electrodes attached to the scalp, when EEG and MEG are recorded simultaneously. The algorithm is based on a mathematical model in which the coils are described as stationary magnetic dipoles with known source time functions. This knowledge makes it possible to detect and remove bad channels automatically. It is also assumed that the source time functions are orthogonal. Therefore, the localization problem splits into independent localization problems. for each coil. The method is validated in a phantom experiment, where the relative coil positions were known. From this experiment it is found that the average error is 0.25 cm. An error of 0.23 cm was found in an experiment where 64 electrode positions were measured four times independently. Examples of the applications of the method are presented. Our method eliminates the use of an external 3D digitizer and maps the MEG directly onto other modalities. This is not only a practical advantage, but it also reduces the gross registration error. Furthermore, head motions can be monitored and MEG data can be corrected for these motions.     

A novel modular device for 3-D bone cell culture and non-destructive cell analysis

Synthetic materials have emerged as bone substitutes for filling bone defects of critical sizes. Because bone healing requires a mechanically resistant matrix (scaffold) attractive to osteogenic cells and must allow revascularization for nutrient and oxygen supply, scaffold-based strategies focus on the further development of chemical and physical qualities of the material. Cellular ingrowth towards the scaffold center is critical; therefore selective information from inner regions, in particular from the central part, is essential.In this paper we introduce a novel modular in vitro system for three-dimensional (3-D) in vitro bone cell cultures. This 3-D system is developed exclusively for in vitro research purposes, with special emphasis on the geometrical scaffold design (pore size, pore design). The system is composed of a stack of titanium slices which are mounted on a clamp and which enable the separate monitoring of cell growth patterns on every single slice of the slide stack. In this way we are able to gain selective information about the regulation of the cell physiology in the inner part of the 3-D construct which can be used for the development of an optimized scaffold design for orthopedic implants.     

Use of the ATU-3 aerotherapeutic device

Conclusions Experience of treating patients with the use of the ATU-3 aerotherapeutic device showed that with its use sufficient protection of the wound from in-hospital infection is achieved; intoxication of the burn patient is reduced; the level of bacterial contamination of the wounds is reduced at earlier times than with the bandaging method; residence of the burn surface in a practically sterile environment with a flow of warm air leads to a reduction of water and protein losses by the patient; the pain syndrome goes away in 8–18 h; the percent of invalidism and complications in the case of severe burns and traumas decreases; the consumption of anti-biotics and anesthetics is substantially reduced, the elimination of dressings promotes preservation of the integrity of the cell membanes and reduction of the consumption of dressing materials and creates psychoemotional calm for the patients; the total time of stay of the patients at the hospital for treatment in comparison with the traditional (bandaging) method is shortened on average by 1.5–2 times. The economic effect on the annual production of devices of the ATU-3 type is 0.5 million rubles. V. A. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Odessa Refrigerating Machinery Industrial Association, Odessa. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 6–11, July–August, 1988.     

Use of magnetophoresis of glutamic acid and magnesium sulfate in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy

We report here our studies on the clinical efficacy of courses of magnetophoresis of glutamic acid and magnesium sulfate in the complex rehabilitation treatment of preschool children with spastic types of cerebral palsy. Clinical-neurophysiological investigations were performed in 40 children aged 1–7 years. Treatment was significantly more effective when use of running pulsed magnetic fields was combined with medicinal agents as compared with magnetotherapy using the same regime. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 107, No. 12, pp. 45–49, December, 2007     

A porous 3D cell culture micro device for cell migration study

Cell migration under chemoattractant is an important biological step in cancer metastasis that causes the spread of malignant tumor cells. Porous polymeric materials are widely used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment for applications such as three dimensional (3D) cell culturing and tissue engineering. In this paper we report a novel 3D cell culture device based on porous polymeric material to study cancer migration. We fabricated a porous channel on a polymeric chip using a selective ultrasonic foaming method. We demonstrate that a chemical concentration gradient could be established through the porous channel due to the slow diffusion process. We show that significant cell migration could be observed through the porous channel within 1–2 weeks of cell culturing when metastatic M4A4-GFP breast cancer cells were induced by 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS).We also developed a mathematical model to evaluate the diffusivity and concentration gradient through the fabricated porous structure.     

第二代激光光动力肿瘤治疗系统研制

目的：为满足临床光动力治疗的需要，寻求比６３０ｎｍ更长波长的激光光源。方法：选用６７０ｎｍ顺，采用基于两级结构的微机控制系统，上位管理机既可完成参数打印，数据存档等功能，又可向下位控制机传送控制命令，下位控制机既可独立使用完成实时控制，又可向上位管理机传送数据。结果：实现并生成了与第二代光敏剂相适应的第二代激光光动力治疗系统。     

The ékhoskan-1 device for ultrasonic medical diagnosis

Scientific-Manufacturing Association Izomed, Moscow. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 44–46, September–October, 1994.     

旋转式三维细胞培养装置的研制

背景：内皮细胞体外培养形成的单层内皮细胞能否抵抗血流的冲击,如何实现细胞均匀分布生长是实验中的常见问题。 目的：针对背景问题,研制一种细胞培养装置,可提供细胞生长的三维环境,实现细胞贴硅胶弹性腔管壁生长,改善细胞的分布不均。 方法：从控制单元、机械单元和细胞培养单元介绍了该装置的结构与功能,并利用该装置进行一例脐静脉内皮细胞培养实验。 结果与结论：旋转式三维细胞培养装置为细胞代谢提供了一定条件,该装置培养的细胞能贴壁均匀,生长良好。     

Multicompartmented microfluidic device for characterization of dose-dependent cadmium cytotoxicity in BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells

This paper describes the development of a miniaturized multicompartmented microfluidic device for high-throughput cell cytotoxicity assays and its applicability to the investigation of cadmium-induced cytotoxicity. A steady gradient of cadmium was generated inside the compartments to study the effects of cadmium ion on BALB/3T3 fibroblast cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The device allowed the performance of multiplexed assays to probe the dosage effect of cadmium, morphological alterations of live cells, regulation of proliferation and viability of cells, determination of reactive oxygen species, mechanisms of cell death, i.e. apoptosis and/or necrosis, and immunocytochemical staining of cells in parallel and/or serially, or on a single population simultaneously. The outcomes of all the microfluidic assays were compared to conventional plates-based cytotoxicity assays. The results indicated that the cells cultured in this device were morphologically healthy with greater than 90% viability. They further suggested that the basic mode of cell death behind cadmium-induced cytotoxicity was apoptosis, which was regulated by intracellular oxidative stress via cytoskeleton disorganization and nuclear condensation. Such microenvironments resemble the in vivo physiological conditions very closely and thus offer a unique platform for more accurate observations of cytotoxicity assays and more precise estimation of the IC₅₀ value in comparison to conventional analytical assays. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

The multimiostim-04, a portable compact device for electroneurostimulation and electropuncture

The Multimiostim-04, a multichannel electrostimulator, has been developed. Its advantage lies in its powerful effect on the neuromuscular structures and neurons around the focus of injury, due to an enhancement of the impulse flow from several muscle groups of the injured extremities. The afferent effect on neurons in the zone where the synaptic contacts have been lost is also boosted by electrostimulation of the symmetrical muscles of the healthy extremities. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 219–221, August, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

A novel MR-guided interventional device for 3D circumferential access to breast tissue

MRI is rapidly growing as a tool for image-guided procedures in the breast such as needle localizations, biopsy, and cryotherapy. The ability of MRI to resolve small (<1 cm) lesions allows earlier detection and diagnosis than with ultrasound. Most MR-guidance methods perform a two-dimensional compression of the breast that distorts tissue anatomy and limits medial access. This work presents a system for localizing breast lesions with 360 degrees access to breast tissue. A novel system has been developed to perform breast lesion localization using MR guidance that uses a 3D radial coordinate system with four degrees of freedom. The device is combined with a novel breast RF coil for improved signal to noise and rotates 360 degrees around the breast to allow medial, lateral, superior, and inferior access minimizing insertion depth to the target. Coil performance was evaluated using a human volunteer by comparing signal to noise from both the developed breast RF coil and a commercial seven-channel breast coil. The system was tested with a breast-shaped gel phantom containing randomly distributed MR-visible targets. MR-compatible localization needles were used to demonstrate the accuracy and feasibility of the concept for breast biopsy. Localization results were classified based on the relationship between the final needle tip position and the lesion. A 3D bladder concept was also tested using animal tissue to evaluate the device's ability to immobilize deformable breast tissue during a needle insertion. The RF breast coil provided signal to noise values comparable to a seven-channel breast coil. The needle tip was in contact with the targeted lesion in 89% (25/28) of all the trials and 100% (6/6) of the trials with targeted lesions >6 mm. Target lesions were 3-4 mm in diameter for 47% (13/28), 5-6 mm in diameter for 32% (9/28), and over 6 mm in diameter for 21% (6/28) of the trials, respectively. The 3D bladder concept was shown to immobilize a deformable animal tissue phantom during needle insertion. It is concluded that the MR-guidance system accurately localizes small targets on the order of 3-4 mm in a breast phantom with 360 degrees rotational access.